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Sylvain Bonfanti L, Arbelet-Bonnin D, Filaine F, Lalanne C, Renault A, Meimoun P, Laurenti P, Grésillon E, Bouteau F. Toxic and signaling effects of the anaesthetic lidocaine on rice cultured cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2388443. [PMID: 39116108 PMCID: PMC11312988 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2388443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Most studies on anesthesia focus on the nervous system of mammals due to their interest in medicine. The fact that any life form can be anaesthetised is often overlooked although anesthesia targets ion channel activities that exist in all living beings. This study examines the impact of lidocaine on rice (Oryza sativa). It reveals that the cellular responses observed in rice are analogous to those documented in animals, encompassing direct effects, the inhibition of cellular responses, and the long-distance transmission of electrical signals. We show that in rice cells, lidocaine has a cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 1%, since it induces programmed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-like-dependent cell death, as already demonstrated in animal cells. Additionally, lidocaine causes changes in membrane ion conductance and induces a sharp reduction in electrical long-distance signaling following seedlings leaves burning. Finally, lidocaine was shown to inhibit osmotic stress-induced cell death and the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, lidocaine treatment in rice and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) seedlings induces not only cellular but also systemic effects similar to those induced in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sylvain Bonfanti
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (LADYSS UMR 7533), Paris, France
| | - Delphine Arbelet-Bonnin
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Filaine
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Renault
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Laurenti
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
| | - Etienne Grésillon
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (LADYSS UMR 7533), Paris, France
| | - François Bouteau
- Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), Paris, France
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Ladeynova M, Kuznetsova D, Pecherina A, Vodeneev V. pH change accompanying long-distance electrical signal controls systemic jasmonate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154225. [PMID: 38522214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Local damaging stimuli cause a rapid increase in the content of the defense phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its biologically active derivative jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in undamaged distal tissues. The increase in JA and JA-Ile levels was coincident with a rapid decrease in the levels of the precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). The propagation of a stimulus-induced long-distance electrical signal, variation potential (VP), which is accompanied by intracellular changes in pH and Ca2+ levels, preceded systemic changes in jasmonate content. The decrease in pH during VP, mediated by transient inactivation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, induced the conversion of OPDA to JA, probably by regulating the availability of the OPDA substrate to JA biosynthetic enzymes. The regulation of systemic synthesis of JA and JA-Ile by the Ca2+ wave accompanying VP most likely occurs by the same mechanism of pH-induced conversion of OPDA to JA due to Ca2+-mediated decrease in pH as a result of H+-ATPase inactivation. Thus, the transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and the transient decrease in intracellular pH are most likely the key mechanisms of VP-mediated regulation of jasmonate production in systemic tissues upon local stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pecherina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Pavlovič A, Ševčíková L, Hřivňacký M, Rác M. Effect of the General Anaesthetic Ketamine on Electrical and Ca 2+ Signal Propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:894. [PMID: 38592882 PMCID: PMC10975207 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The systemic electrical signal propagation in plants (i.e., from leaf to leaf) is dependent on GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE proteins (GLRs). The GLR receptors are the homologous proteins to the animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) which are ligand-gated non-selective cation channels that mediate neurotransmission in the animal's nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effect of the general anaesthetic ketamine, a well-known non-competitive channel blocker of human iGluRs, on systemic electrical signal propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We monitored the electrical signal propagation, intracellular calcium level [Ca2+]cyt and expression of jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes in response to heat wounding. Although ketamine affected the shape and the parameters of the electrical signals (amplitude and half-time, t1/2) mainly in systemic leaves, it was not able to block a systemic response. Increased [Ca2+]cyt and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes were detected in local as well as in systemic leaves in response to heat wounding in ketamine-treated plants. This is in contrast with the effect of the volatile general anaesthetic diethyl ether which completely blocked the systemic response. This low potency of ketamine in plants is probably caused by the fact that the critical amino acid residues needed for ketamine binding in human iGluRs are not conserved in plants' GLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.Š.); (M.H.); (M.R.)
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Hedrich R, Kreuzer I. Demystifying the Venus flytrap action potential. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2108-2112. [PMID: 37424515 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
All plants are electrically excitable, but only few are known to fire a well-defined, all-or-nothing action potential (AP). The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula displays APs with an extraordinarily high firing frequency and speed, enabling the capture organ of this carnivorous plant to catch small animals as fast as flies. The number of APs triggered by the prey is counted and serves as the basis for decisions within the flytrap's hunting cycle. The archetypical Dionaea AP lasts 1 s and consists of five phases: Starting from the resting state, an initial cytosolic Ca2+ transient is followed by depolarization, repolarization and a transient hyperpolarization (overshoot) before the original membrane potential is finally recovered. When the flytrap matures and becomes excitable, a distinct set of ion channels, pumps and carriers is expressed, each mastering a distinct AP phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ines Kreuzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Lee J, Segundo-Ortin M, Calvo P. Decision Making in Plants: A Rooted Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091799. [PMID: 37176857 PMCID: PMC10181133 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the possibility of plant decision making. We contend that recent work on bacteria provides a pertinent perspective for thinking about whether plants make choices. Specifically, the analogy between certain patterns of plant behaviour and apparent decision making in bacteria provides principled grounds for attributing decision making to the former. Though decision making is our focus, the discussion has implications for the wider issue of whether and why plants (and non-neural organisms more generally) are appropriate targets for cognitive abilities. Moreover, decision making is especially relevant to the issue of plant intelligence as it is commonly taken to be characteristic of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Lee
- Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Segundo-Ortin
- Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paco Calvo
- Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Pavlovič A, Jakšová J, Kučerová Z, Špundová M, Rác M, Roudnický P, Mithöfer A. Diethyl ether anesthesia induces transient cytosolic [Ca 2+] increase, heat shock proteins, and heat stress tolerance of photosystem II in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995001. [PMID: 36172556 PMCID: PMC9511054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
General volatile anesthetic diethyl ether blocks sensation and responsive behavior not only in animals but also in plants. Here, using a combination of RNA-seq and proteomic LC-MS/MS analyses, we investigated the effect of anesthetic diethyl ether on gene expression and downstream consequences in plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Differential expression analyses revealed reprogramming of gene expression under anesthesia: 6,168 genes were upregulated, 6,310 genes were downregulated, while 9,914 genes were not affected in comparison with control plants. On the protein level, out of 5,150 proteins identified, 393 were significantly upregulated and 227 were significantly downregulated. Among the highest significantly downregulated processes in etherized plants were chlorophyll/tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and photosynthesis. However, measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence did not show inhibition of electron transport through photosystem II. The most significantly upregulated process was the response to heat stress (mainly heat shock proteins, HSPs). Using transgenic A. thaliana expressing APOAEQUORIN, we showed transient increase of cytoplasmic calcium level [Ca2+]cyt in response to diethyl ether application. In addition, cell membrane permeability for ions also increased under anesthesia. The plants pre-treated with diethyl ether, and thus with induced HSPs, had increased tolerance of photosystem II to subsequent heat stress through the process known as cross-tolerance or priming. All these data indicate that diethyl ether anesthesia may partially mimic heat stress in plants through the effect on plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Jakšová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Kučerová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Roudnický
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Grenzi M, Bonza MC, Costa A. Signaling by plant glutamate receptor-like channels: What else! CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102253. [PMID: 35780692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) are transmembrane proteins that allow the movement of several ions across membranes. In the model plant Arabidopsis, there are 20 GLR isoforms grouped in three clades and, since their discovery, it was hypothesized that GLRs were mainly involved in signaling processes. Indeed, in the last years, several pieces of evidence demonstrate different signaling roles played by GLRs, related to pollen development, sexual reproduction, chemotaxis, root development, regulation of stomatal aperture, and response to pathogens. Recently, GLRs have gained attention for their role in long-distance electric and calcium signaling. In this review, we resume the evidence about the role of GLRs in signaling processes. This role is mostly linked to the GLRs involvement in the regulation of ion fluxes across membranes and, in particular, of calcium, which represents a key second messenger in plant cell responses to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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