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Wang H, Zhao Y, Tu J, Liang D, Li M, Wu F. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression reveals novel insights into the heteroblastic foliage functional traits of Pinus massoniana seedlings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130762. [PMID: 38471608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Pinus massoniana needles, rich in medicinal polysaccharides and flavonoids, undergo heteroblastic foliage, transitioning from primary needles (PN) to secondary needles (SN) during growth, resulting in altered functional traits. Despite its significance, the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing these traits remain unclear. This study employs Iso-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with functional traits throughout the main growth season of heteroblastic foliage. Co-expression network analysis identified 34 hub genes and 17 key transcription factors (TFs) influencing light-harvesting antenna, photosystem I and II, crucial in photosynthesis regulation. Additionally, 14 genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism pathways, synthesizing sucrose, glucose, UDP sugars, and xylan, along with four genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, regulating p-coumaroyl-CoA, quercetin, galangin, and myricetin production, exhibited differential expression between PN and SN. Further analysis unveils a highly interconnected network among these genes, forming a pivotal cascade of TFs and DEGs. Therefore, heteroblastic changes significantly impact needle functional traits, potentially affecting the pharmacological properties of PN and SN. Thus, these genomic insights into understanding the molecular-level differences of heteroblastic foliage, thereby establishing a foundation for advancements in the pharmaceutical industry related to needle-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingjing Tu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daqu Liang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Bai X, Chen Z, Chen M, Zeng B, Li X, Tu P, Hu B. Morphological, Anatomical, and Physiological Characteristics of Heteroblastic Acacia melanoxylon Grown under Weak Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 38592868 PMCID: PMC10974800 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Acacia melanoxylon is a fast-growing macrophanerophyte with strong adaptability whose leaf enables heteromorphic development. Light is one of the essential environmental factors that induces the development of the heteroblastic leaf of A. melanoxylon, but its mechanism is unclear. In this study, the seedlings of A. melanoxylon clones were treated with weak light (shading net with 40% of regular light transmittance) and normal light (control) conditions for 90 d and a follow-up observation. The results show that the seedlings' growth and biomass accumulation were inhibited under weak light. After 60 days of treatment, phyllodes were raised under the control condition while the remaining compound was raised under weak light. The balance of root, stem, and leaf biomass changed to 15:11:74 under weak light, while it was 40:15:45 under control conditions. After comparing the anatomical structures of the compound leaves and phyllode, they were shown to have their own strategies for staying hydrated, while phyllodes were more able to control water loss and adapt to intense light. The compound leaves exhibited elevated levels of K, Cu, Ca, and Mg, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, and higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, ABA, CTK, and GA. However, they displayed a relatively limited photosynthetic capacity. Phyllodes exhibited higher levels of Fe, cellulose, lignin, IAA content, and high photosynthetic capacity with a higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, dark respiration rate, and water use efficiency. The comparative analysis of compound leaves and phyllodes provides a basis for understanding the diverse survival strategies that heteroblastic plants employ to adapt to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Bai
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Zhao Y, Tu J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wu F. Transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic unravelling the molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism regulating heteroblastic changes in Pinus massoniana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108029. [PMID: 37722284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Pine seedling leaf characteristics show a distinct transition from primary to secondary needles, known as heteroblastic change. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. The molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism involved in regulating heteroblastic changes in Pinus massoniana seedlings was investigated via transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics. The results identified 12 kinds of sugar metabolites in the foliage. Three types of sugar accumulated at the highest levels: sucrose, glucose and fructose. Compared to seedlings with only primary needles (PN), the contents of these soluble sugars were lower in seedlings with developing secondary needle buds (SNB). RNA-seq analysis highlighted 1086 DEGs between PN and SNB seedlings, revealing significant enrichment in KEGG pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and amino sugar and nucleic acid sugar metabolism. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that HK, MDH, and ATPase could potentially enhance sugar availability by stimulating the glycolytic/TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These processes may lead to a reduced sugar content in the foliage of SNB seedlings. We also identified 72 transcription factors, among which the expression levels of MYB, WRKY, NAC and C2H2 family genes were closely related to those of DEGs in the sugar metabolism pathway. In addition, we identified alternative splicing (AS) events in one NAC gene leading to two isoforms, PmNAC5L and PmNAC5S. PmNAC5L was significantly upregulated, while PmNAC5S was significantly downregulated in SNB seedlings. Overall, our results provide new insights into how sugar metabolism is involved in regulating heteroblastic changes in pine seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Zhao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jingjing Tu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Li Z, Shen L, Hou Q, Zhou Z, Mei L, Zhao H, Wen X. Identification of Genes and Metabolic Pathways Involved in Resin Yield in Masson Pine by Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome, Proteome and Biochemical Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911420. [PMID: 36232722 PMCID: PMC9570031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) is one of the most important resin-producing tree species in southern China. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resin yield are still unclear in masson pine. In this study, an integrated analysis of transcriptome, proteome, and biochemical characteristics from needles of masson pine with the high and common resin yield was investigated. The results showed that chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (Chl C), carotenoids (Car), glucose (Glu), gibberellin A9 (GA9), gibberellin A15 (GA15), and gibberellin A53 (GA53) were significantly increased, whereas fructose (Fru), jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-ILE), gibberellin A1 (GA1), gibberellin A3 (GA3), gibberellin A19 (GA19), and gibberellin A24 (GA24) were significantly decreased in the high resin yield in comparison with those in the common one. The integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome showed that chlorophyll synthase (chlG), hexokinase (HXK), sucrose synthase (SUS), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (PDH), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (DLST), 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), and jasmonate O-methyltransferases (JMT) were consistent at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and biochemical levels. The pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and hormone biosynthesis may play crucial roles in the regulation of resin yield, and some key genes involved in these pathways may be candidates that influence the resin yield. These results provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resin yield and also provide candidate genes that can be applied for the molecular-assisted selection and breeding of high resin-yielding masson pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Luonan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lina Mei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence:
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