1
|
Hong Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhao F, Sun L, Chen M, Zhu F, Zhuang H, Jiang S, Yu Y, Chen Y. Identification of the novel fosfomycin resistance gene fosSC in Staphylococcus capitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107162. [PMID: 38561093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fosfomycin has regained attention for treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. In this research, our objective was to investigate the mechanisms underlying fosfomycin resistance in Staphylococcus capitis. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fosfomycin were assessed in 109 clinical S. capitis isolates by the agar dilution method. By cloning the fos-like genes into the shuttle vector, pTSSCm-Pcap, and observing the change in fosfomycin MICs, the gene function was verified. Core genome multilocus sequence typing and comparative genomics analysis were conducted to determine the population characteristics of S. capitis isolates and analyse the genetic environment of the fos-like genes. RESULTS We identified a novel fosfomycin resistance gene, fosSC, on the chromosome in 58 out of 109 (53.2%) S. capitis isolates. The deduced products of the fosSC genes shared 67.15-67.88% amino acid sequence identity with FosB. The RN-pT-fosSC transformants carrying fosSC showed a 512-fold increase in the fosfomycin MICs. The fosSC gene was embedded in a conserved genetic context, but IS431mec was located to the left of the fosSC gene in cluster L due to the insertion of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. CONCLUSIONS The chromosomal fosSC genes in some lineages of S. capitis explained their high-level fosfomycin resistance. Ongoing surveillance is crucial for monitoring the potential threat of horizontal transfer, which could be facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements surrounding the fosSC gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junxiong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiteng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hemu Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Tintino SR, Justino de Araújo AC, dos Santos Barbosa CR, Ramos Freitas P, de Araújo Neto JB, Begnini IM, Rebelo RA, da Silva LE, Mireski SL, Nasato MC, Krautler MIL, Barreto HM, Ribeiro-Filho J, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM. Efflux Pump (QacA, QacB, and QacC) and β-Lactamase Inhibitors? An Evaluation of 1,8-Naphthyridines against Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041819. [PMID: 36838807 PMCID: PMC9961278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus presents a variety of resistance mechanisms, among which the expression of β-lactamases and efflux pumps stand out for providing a significant degree of resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The 1,8-naphthyridines are nitrogen heterocycles with a broad spectrum of biological activities and, as such, are promising research targets. However, the potential roles of these compounds on bacterial resistance management remain to be better investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the antibacterial activity of 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides, addressing their ability to act as inhibitors of β-lactamases and efflux pump (QacA/B and QacC) against the strains SA-K4414 and SA-K4100 of S. aureus. All substances were prepared at an initial concentration of 1024 μg/mL, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. Subsequently, their effects on β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated antibiotic resistance was evaluated from the reduction of the MIC of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and β-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The 1,8-naphthyridines did not present direct antibacterial activity against the strains SA-K4414 and SA-K4100 of S. aureus. On the other hand, when associated with antibiotics against both strains, the compounds reduced the MIC of EtBr and β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that they may act by inhibiting β-lactamases and efflux pumps such as QacC and QacA/B. However, further research is required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Justino de Araújo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Ramos Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - José Bezerra de Araújo Neto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Iêda Maria Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau 89030-903, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Rebelo
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau 89030-903, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Everson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development, Coastal Sector, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandro Lucio Mireski
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau 89030-903, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Caroline Nasato
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau 89030-903, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio 60180-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry (LFQM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Ji S, Sun L, Wang H, Zhu F, Chen M, Zhuang H, Wang Z, Jiang S, Yu Y, Chen Y. The novel fosfomycin resistance gene fosY is present on a genomic island in CC1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1166-1173. [PMID: 35332834 PMCID: PMC9037201 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2058421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fosfomycin has gained attention as a combination therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Hence, the detection of novel fosfomycin-resistance mechanisms in S. aureus is important. Here, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fosfomycin in CC1 methicillin-resistant S. aureus were determined. The pangenome analysis and comparative genomics were used to analyse CC1 MRSA. The gene function was confirmed by cloning the gene into pTXΔ. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the clustering of the CC1 strains of S. aureus. We identified a novel gene, designated fosY, that confers fosfomycin resistance in S. aureus. The FosY protein is a putative bacillithiol transferase enzyme sharing 65.9-77.5% amino acid identity with FosB and FosD, respectively. The function of fosY in decreasing fosfomycin susceptibility was confirmed by cloning it into pTXΔ. The pTX-fosY transformant exhibited a 16-fold increase in fosfomycin MIC. The bioinformatic analysis showed that fosY is in a novel genomic island designated RIfosY (for "resistance island carrying fosY") that originated from other species. The global phylogenetic tree of ST1 MRSA displayed this fosY-positive ST1 clone, originating from different regions, in the same clade. The novel resistance gene in the fos family, fosY, and a genomic island, RIfosY, can promote cross-species gene transfer and confer resistance to CC1 MRSA causing the failure of clinical treatment. This emphasises the importance of genetic surveillance of resistance genes among MRSA isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiteng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hemu Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osada M, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus/ Mammaliicoccus from Retail Ground Meat: Identification of Broad Genetic Diversity in Fosfomycin Resistance Gene fosB. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040469. [PMID: 35456144 PMCID: PMC9031665 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus is a major bacterial species that contaminates retail meat products. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic determinants of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus species in retail ground meat in Japan. From a total of 146 retail ground meat samples (chicken, pork, mixed beef/pork) purchased during a 5-month period, 10 S. aureus and 112 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)/Mammaliicoccus comprising 20 species were recovered. S. aureus isolates were classified into five genetic types, i.e., coa-IIa/ST5, coa-VIc/ST352 (CC97), coa-VIIb/ST398, coa-Xa/ST15, and coa-XIc/ST9, which were all related to those of livestock-associated clones. All the staphylococcal isolates were mecA-negative and mostly susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested, except for ampicillin among S. aureus (resistance proportion; 50%). Among CoNS, the fosfomycin resistance gene fosB was prevalent (30/112; 26.8%), primarily in S. capitis, S. warneri, and S. saprophyticus. Phylogenetic analysis of fosB revealed the presence of seven clusters, showing broad diversity with 65–81% identity among different clusters. In the CoNS isolates from ground meat samples, fosB was assigned into three clusters, and S. saprophyticus harbored the most divergent fosB with three genetic groups. These findings suggested the circulation of multiple fosB-carrying plasmids among some CoNS species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Osada
- Master’s Program in Midwifery, Tenshi College Graduate School, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan;
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaneko H, Kim ES, Yokomori S, Moon SM, Song KH, Jung J, Park JS, Kim HB, Nakaminami H. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Human Variant of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in Japan and Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:330-337. [PMID: 35021886 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC) 398 is a major clonal type of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus and comprise both a human variant and a livestock-associated variant. We have previously identified three sequence type (ST) 1232 strains from Japanese patients (THI2018-120 and N1195) and a Vietnamese patient (S36). In this study, we found an ST1232 strain in a Korean patient (BDH17) and compared the genomes of the ST1232 strains isolated in Korea and Japan. Whole-genome sequencing and a phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that all ST1232 strains were human variants of S. aureus CC398 and were similar to a common lineage of Southeast Asia. All strains carried ϕSa2, ϕSa3, and Tn554, which included Panton-Valentine leukocidin, immune evasion cluster, and antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively. THI2018-120 and N1195 carried slightly different staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element from BDH17 due to the insertion of a IS30 family. In addition, the strains originating from Japanese patients possessed a unique genetic element, blaZ-Tn4001-Tn554 element. In this study, we found that the ST1232 strains isolated in Korea and Japan are genetically closely related to each other. However, presence of the unique genetic elements suggests that the strains originating from Japanese patients may have evolved independently in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiho Yokomori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Song Mi Moon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtak Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Differences in fosfomycin resistance mechanisms between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0144621. [PMID: 34807759 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01446-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa presents a serious threat to public health due to its widespread resistance to numerous antibiotics. P. aeruginosa commonly causes nosocomial infections including urinary tract infections (UTI) which have become increasingly difficult to treat. The lack of effective therapeutic agents has renewed interest in fosfomycin, an old drug discovered in the 1960s and approved prior to the rigorous standards now required for drug approval. Fosfomycin has a unique structure and mechanism of action, making it a favorable therapeutic alternative for MDR pathogens that are resistant to other classes of antibiotics. The absence of susceptibility breakpoints for fosfomycin against P. aeruginosa limits its clinical use and interpretation due to extrapolation of breakpoints established for Escherichia coli or Enterobacterales without supporting evidence. Furthermore, fosfomycin use and efficacy for treatment of P. aeruginosa is also limited by both inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms. This narrative review provides an update on currently identified resistance mechanisms to fosfomycin, with a focus on those mediated by P. aeruginosa such as peptidoglycan recycling enzymes, chromosomal Fos enzymes, and transporter mutation. Additional fosfomycin resistance mechanisms exhibited by Enterobacterales including mutations in transporters and associated regulators, plasmid mediated Fos enzymes, kinases, and murA modification, are also summarized and contrasted. These data highlight that different fosfomycin resistance mechanisms may be associated with elevated MIC values in P. aeruginosa compared to Enterobacterales, emphasizing that extrapolation of E. coli breakpoints to P. aeruginosa should be avoided.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vinué L, Hooper DC. Rsp activates expression of the Cnt system in Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:327. [PMID: 33115405 PMCID: PMC7594338 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Cnt system is crucial for the optimal import of essential metals in metal-limiting conditions and contributes to virulence in S. aureus. In a screen for regulators of efflux pumps in a phage-based ultra-high-density transposon library, we identified Rsp as a candidate regulator of the cntE gene. Results A two-fold decrease in expression of all genes of the cnt operon was observed by RT-qPCR in the rsp mutant compared to the parental strain, indicating that Rsp acts as an activator of the cnt operon. To determine whether the Rsp activation depends on iron, we compared mutant and parent cnt expression under varying metal conditions. A 2-fold reduction in cnt gene expression was detected in the rsp mutant in TSB, and a slightly smaller decrease (1.9, 1.7, and 1.5-fold changes for cntK, cmtA, and cntE respectively) was observed after addition of dipyridyl. The greatest decrease was seen with addition of FeSO4 (4.1, 5.3 and 6.3-fold changes for cntK, cmtA and cntE respectively). These findings suggest that Rsp activates the cnt operon in low and high iron conditions. To study the relationship between Rsp and the cnt repressors Fur and Zur, we created single and double mutants. Both fur and zur single mutants had significant increases in cnt gene expression compared to the parental strain, as did the fur rsp double mutant. The zur rsp double mutant also had a significant increase in cntK expression and a trend in increases in cntA and cntE expression just below statistical significance. Thus, the ability of Fur and Zur to repress cnt gene expression are not eliminated by the presence of Rsp. However, there were significantly smaller increases in cnt gene expression in the double mutants compared to single mutants, suggesting that Rsp activation can still occur in the absence of these repressors. To determine if Rsp directly modulates expression of cnt genes, incubation of purified Rsp caused a DNA-specific band shift for the cntK and cntA promoters. Conclusions Rsp activation may act to maintain basal cellular levels of staphylopine to scavenge free metals when needed, in addition to metal dependent regulation by Fur and Zur. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12866-020-02013-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vinué
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nomura R, Nakaminami H, Takasao K, Muramatsu S, Kato Y, Wajima T, Noguchi N. A class A β-lactamase produced by borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hydrolyses oxacillin. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:244-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
9
|
Xu W, Chen T, Wang H, Zeng W, Wu Q, Yu K, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhou T. Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology of Fosfomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Patients at a Teaching Hospital in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1290. [PMID: 32670230 PMCID: PMC7332539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections placing a significant burden on the healthcare system. With the widespread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the lack of effective antibacterial drugs, fosfomycin has gradually attracted attention as an "old drug." Thus, investigating the resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of fosfomycin-resistant S. aureus is an urgent requirement. In order to investigate the mechanisms of resistance, 11 fosfomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. The genes, including fosA, fosB, fosC, fosD, fosX, and tet38, as well as mutations in murA, glpT, and uhpT were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the expression of the target enzyme gene murA and the efflux pump gene tet38 under the selection pressure of fosfomycin. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified a novel sequence type (ST 5708) of S. aureus strains. However, none of the resistant strains carried fosA, fosB, fosC, fosD, and fosX genes in the current study, and 12 distinct mutations were detected in the uhpT (3), glpT (4), and murA (5) genes. qRT-PCR revealed an elevated expression of the tet38 gene when exposed to increasing concentration of fosfomycin among 8 fosfomycin-resistant S. aureus strains and reference strain ATCC 29213. MLST analysis categorized the 11 strains into 9 STs. Thus, the mutations in the uhpT, glpT, and murA genes might be the primary mechanisms underlying fosfomycin resistance, and the overexpression of efflux pump gene tet38 may play a major role in the fosfomycin resistance in these isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaihang Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiucai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Epidemiology of efflux pumps genes mediating resistance among Staphylococcus aureus; A systematic review. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103850. [PMID: 31706002 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux of antibiotics is an effective resistance mechanism among antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This systematic review aims to evaluate the frequency and expression of efflux pump genes in S.aureus around the world. METHOD A comprehensive literature search of several databases (Medline Pub Med, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISC, Science direct and Persian Journals Online, and citation lists) was performed. We considered published studies from 2001 to 2018. Articles reporting the prevalence and expression of efflux pump genes were selected. RESULT Among 183 articles, 36 studies were selected. Of the 36, 23 articles were conducted in Asia.6 in Europe, 5 in America and 2 in African countries. In most of these studies norA, norB, qacA/B genes were commonly evaluated by molecular methods. The presence of efflux pump genes such as norA, norB, norC, mepA, mdeA, qacA/B was detected by PCR in 21 studies and over-expression of genes were reported in 13 studies. The most frequently reported genes in Asia were norA (75%), norB (60%), mepA (35%), mdeA (33%) and qacA/B (20.8%). In European studies, the prevalence of norB was mostly reported among S.aureus isolates and norA and qacA/B were commonly found in similar studies in America. The investigation of gene expression patterns showed that norA was most frequent single-pattern in Asia and America, norB or mdeA in Europe. CONCLUSION According to this study MDR efflux pumps not only cause high-level resistance but also it considerably associated with over-expression of these genes. Due to the selective pressure on MRSA isolate, the enormous diversity of plasmid-encoded genes had been recorded in different regions, owing to the various numbers and types of isolates in each study or types of disinfectants for general use.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kobayashi T, Nakaminami H, Ohtani H, Yamada K, Nasu Y, Takadama S, Noguchi N, Fujii T, Matsumoto T. An outbreak of severe infectious diseases caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone among hospitalized patients and nursing staff in a tertiary care university hospital. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:76-81. [PMID: 31375457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The USA300 clone, which produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), is a major highly pathogenic community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clone that is spreading throughout the world. Although the prevalence of the USA300 clone in Japan was very limited a decade ago, its incidence has been increasing in both community and hospital settings in recent years. There is great concern that the USA300 clone will cause more complicated diseases and become a serious threat to immunocompromised patients in hospital settings. Here, we report an outbreak of severe infectious diseases in a tertiary care university hospital involving the incidence of deep infections, including bacteremia, and continuous and frequent isolation of MRSA strains for five months from six patients and a healthy nursing staff member in the same ward. The genotype of all MRSA isolates was identical to that of the USA300 clone. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that all MRSA had the same patterns. These data demonstrate that a USA300 clone outbreak had occurred in the hospital. Fortunately, this outbreak was terminated subsequent to the interventions of the infection control team and all patients recovered following the appropriate therapies. Our report demonstrates that patients carrying highly pathogenic CA-MRSA have the potential to become a source of nosocomial outbreaks that can spread to healthy healthcare workers. Therefore, stricter standard precautions should be applied for all patients at the time of admission to prevent such nosocomial outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtani
- Division of General Medicine, Tachikawa Sogo Hospital, 4-1 Midori-Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamada
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nasu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takadama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, 286-8686, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen C, Hooper DC. Intracellular accumulation of staphylopine impairs the fitness of Staphylococcus aureus cntE mutant. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1213-1222. [PMID: 31045247 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus exports staphylopine (StP), a broad-spectrum metallophore, via the CntE efflux pump. Here, the mechanism of the fitness defect in the ΔcntE mutant under metal depletion was investigated. Deletion of the StP exporter CntE results in a substantial growth defect, and disrupting the StP biosynthesis gene cntL restores growth of the ΔcntE mutant in metal-depleted media. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed cytoplasmic accumulation of StP and the absence of extracellular StP in the ΔcntE mutant. The fitness defect of the ΔcntE mutant in mouse subcutaneous abscesses is largely due to StP accumulation. Expression of StP biosynthesis genes are upregulated in the ΔcntE mutant under metal starvation induction. In conclusion, failure to efflux StP results in intracellular StP accumulation and substantially impairs the fitness of S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and to a lesser extent other staphylococcal species, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. An important factor in the notoriety of these organisms stems from their frequent resistance to many antimicrobial agents used for chemotherapy. This review catalogues the variety of mobile genetic elements that have been identified in staphylococci, with a primary focus on those associated with the recruitment and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. These include plasmids, transposable elements such as insertion sequences and transposons, and integrative elements including ICE and SCC elements. In concert, these diverse entities facilitate the intra- and inter-cellular gene mobility that enables horizontal genetic exchange, and have also been found to play additional roles in modulating gene expression and genome rearrangement.
Collapse
|
14
|
Colocation of the Multiresistance Gene cfr and the Fosfomycin Resistance Gene fosD on a Novel Plasmid in Staphylococcus arlettae from a Chicken Farm. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01388-17. [PMID: 28923876 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01388-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel 63,558-bp plasmid pSA-01, which harbors nine antibiotic resistance genes, including cfr, erm(C), tet(L), erm(T), aadD, fosD, fexB, aacA-aphD, and erm(B), was characterized in Staphylococcus arlettae strain SA-01, isolated from a chicken farm in China. The colocation of cfr and fosD genes was detected for the first time in an S. arlettae plasmid. The detection of two IS431-mediated circular forms containing resistance genes in SA-01 suggested that IS431 may facilitate dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Efflux Transporter of Siderophore Staphyloferrin A in Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Bacterial Fitness in Abscesses and Epithelial Cells. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00358-17. [PMID: 28559406 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00358-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The siderophores staphyloferrin A (SA) and staphyloferrin B (SB) of Staphylococcus aureus are essential for iron acquisition in the iron-restricted environment of the host, such as in subcutaneous abscesses. SA and SB are secreted by SfaA and SbnD transporters, respectively. To assess the further function of SfaA and SbnD in S. aureus fitness, we tested its effect on murine abscess models and intracellular replication in epithelial cells. Bacterial fitness in abscesses and in epithelial cells was studied, by comparing the parental strains RN6390 and MW2 and their ΔsfaA and ΔsbnD mutants using competition assays in a murine abscess model and invasion and replication assays with human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. In the murine abscess model using equal inocula of a ΔsfaA or ΔsbnD mutant and the wild-type RN6390 strain, the ΔsfaA mutant exhibited growth defects of 2.2-fold. Additionally, replication of the ΔsfaA mutant within A549 cells was decreased 3.0-fold. In complementation experiments, the ΔsfaA mutant carrying plasmid-borne sfaA restored the growth fitness in abscesses and epithelial cells. The ΔsbnD mutant, in contrast, showed no growth defect in either abscesses or epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that the efflux transporter of the siderophore SA contributes to the ability of S. aureus to replicate in abscesses and epithelial cells. Furthermore, fitness of S. aureus in these sites of replication is not compromised by the absence of transporter SbnD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen with remarkable adaptive powers. Antibiotic-resistant clones rapidly emerge mainly by acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes from other S. aureus strains or even from other genera. Transfer is mediated by a diverse complement of mobile genetic elements and occurs primarily by conjugation or bacteriophage transduction, with the latter traditionally being perceived as the primary route. Recent work on conjugation and transduction suggests that transfer by these mechanisms may be more extensive than previously thought, in terms of the range of plasmids that can be transferred by conjugation and the efficiency with which transduction occurs. Here, we review the main routes of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in S. aureus in the context of its biology as a human commensal and a life-threatening pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Haaber
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José R Penadés
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rizzotti L, Rossi F, Torriani S. Biocide and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from the swine meat chain. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
18
|
Jang S. Multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus and their clinical implications. J Microbiol 2016; 54:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-5159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Watanabe K, Nakaminami H, Azuma C, Tanaka I, Nakase K, Matsunaga N, Okuyama K, Yamada K, Utsumi K, Fujii T, Noguchi N. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Is Part of the Skin Flora on the Hands of Both Healthy Individuals and Hospital Workers. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1868-1875. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Chihiro Azuma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Ippei Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Keisuke Nakase
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Norifumi Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | - Kiyoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | - Kanako Yamada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | - Kenta Utsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mechanism of staphylococcal multiresistance plasmid replication origin assembly by the RepA protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9121-6. [PMID: 24927575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406065111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal multiresistance plasmids are key contributors to the alarming rise in bacterial multidrug resistance. A conserved replication initiator, RepA, encoded on these plasmids is essential for their propagation. RepA proteins consist of flexibly linked N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal (CTD) domains. Despite their essential role in replication, the molecular basis for RepA function is unknown. Here we describe a complete structural and functional dissection of RepA proteins. Unexpectedly, both the RepA NTD and CTD show similarity to the corresponding domains of the bacterial primosome protein, DnaD. Although the RepA and DnaD NTD both contain winged helix-turn-helices, the DnaD NTD self-assembles into large scaffolds whereas the tetrameric RepA NTD binds DNA iterons using a newly described DNA binding mode. Strikingly, structural and atomic force microscopy data reveal that the NTD tetramer mediates DNA bridging, suggesting a molecular mechanism for origin handcuffing. Finally, data show that the RepA CTD interacts with the host DnaG primase, which binds the replicative helicase. Thus, these combined data reveal the molecular mechanism by which RepA mediates the specific replicon assembly of staphylococcal multiresistant plasmids.
Collapse
|
21
|
Costa SS, Viveiros M, Amaral L, Couto I. Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus: an Update. Open Microbiol J 2013; 7:59-71. [PMID: 23569469 PMCID: PMC3617543 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801307010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of infections caused by multi- or pan-resistant bacteria in the hospital or in the community settings is an increasing health concern. Albeit there is no single resistance mechanism behind multiresistance, multidrug efflux pumps, proteins that cells use to detoxify from noxious compounds, seem to play a key role in the emergence of these multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. During the last decades, experimental data has established their contribution to low level resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria and their potential role in the appearance of MDR phenotypes, by the extrusion of multiple, unrelated compounds. Recent studies suggest that efflux pumps may be used by the cell as a first-line defense mechanism, avoiding the drug to reach lethal concentrations, until a stable, more efficient alteration occurs, that allows survival in the presence of that agent. In this paper we review the current knowledge on MDR efflux pumps and their intricate regulatory network in Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen, responsible from mild to life-threatening infections. Particular emphasis will be given to the potential role that S. aureus MDR efflux pumps, either chromosomal or plasmid-encoded, have on resistance towards different antimicrobial agents and on the selection of drug - resistant strains. We will also discuss the many questions that still remain on the role of each specific efflux pump and the need to establish appropriate methodological approaches to address all these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santos Costa
- 1Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Portugal
- 2Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos (CREM), UNL, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- 1Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Portugal
- 3COST ACTION BM0701 (ATENS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonard Amaral
- 1Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Portugal
- 3COST ACTION BM0701 (ATENS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Couto
- 1Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Portugal
- 2Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos (CREM), UNL, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu MA, Kwong SM, Jensen SO, Brzoska AJ, Firth N. Biology of the staphylococcal conjugative multiresistance plasmid pSK41. Plasmid 2013; 70:42-51. [PMID: 23415796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid pSK41 is a large, low-copy-number, conjugative plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus that is representative of a family of staphylococcal plasmids that confer multiple resistances to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. The plasmid consists of a conserved plasmid backbone containing the genes for plasmid housekeeping functions, which is punctuated by copies of IS257 that flank a Tn4001-hybrid structure and cointegrated plasmids that harbour resistance genes. This review summarises the current understanding of the biology of pSK41, focussing on the systems responsible for its replication, maintenance and transmission, and their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Noguchi N, Nakaminami H, Nakase K, Sasatsu M. Characterization of enterococcus strains contained in probiotic products. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1469-73. [PMID: 21881235 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are additives containing live microbes that beneficially affect a host by improving the properties of the host intestinal microflora. Recently, advances in medical treatments have led to increased numbers of immunocompromised patients; some patients contract opportunistic infections of Enterococcus species, which are considered non-pathogenic bacteria. To evaluate the safety of probiotics containing Enterococcus strains, we isolated Enterococcus from six probiotic products and compared the pathogenic genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of the probiotic strains to those of clinical isolates. Our study showed that all Enterococcus strains contained in probiotic products were E. faecium, and no vancomycin-resistant strains were found. In addition, no pathogenic genes, such as ace, agg, gelE, cylM, cylB, cylA, cpd, cob, ccf, efaA(fs), efaA(fm), esp(fs), or esp(fm), were found in the probiotic strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed obvious genetic differences between the probiotic strains and the clinical isolates. The data suggested that the probiotic Enterococcus strains were not transmitted to hospitalized patients. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that probiotic products are unlikely agents for causing opportunistic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Malachowa N, DeLeo FR. Mobile genetic elements of Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3057-71. [PMID: 20668911 PMCID: PMC2929429 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus are successful as commensal organisms or pathogens in part because they adapt rapidly to selective pressures imparted by the human host. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play a central role in this adaptation process and are a means to transfer genetic information (DNA) among and within bacterial species. Importantly, MGEs encode putative virulence factors and molecules that confer resistance to antibiotics, including the gene that confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Inasmuch as MRSA infections are a significant problem worldwide and continue to emerge in epidemic waves, there has been significant effort to improve diagnostic assays and to develop new antimicrobial agents for treatment of disease. Our understanding of S. aureus MGEs and the molecules they encode has played an important role toward these ends and has provided detailed insight into the evolution of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
| | - Frank R. DeLeo
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fluoroquinolone efflux by the plasmid-mediated multidrug efflux pump QacB variant QacBIII in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4107-11. [PMID: 20660673 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01065-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids that carry the multidrug efflux genes qacA and qacB are widely distributed in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although the QacA and QacB proteins are similar to each other, their respective substrate specificities may differ. We investigated the variability and structure-function relationships of QacA and QacB in MRSA isolates. The amino acid sequences of 7 QacA and 25 QacB proteins showed that QacB was present in three variants, designated QacBII, QacBIII, and QacBIV, that were different from the prototypic QacB variant encoded by plasmid pSK23, which was named QacBI, while QacA was present in two variants. When cloned and expressed in S. aureus, the strain carrying qacBIII exhibited higher susceptibility to dyes and decreased susceptibility to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin compared to strains carrying the other QacB variants. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the residue at position 320 in QacB plays an important role in the resistance phenotypes to dyes and fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, the accumulation of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the strain carrying qacBIII was significantly decreased. Our data demonstrate that the plasmid-mediated multidrug efflux pump QacB variant QacBIII confers the capability for fluoroquinolone efflux on S. aureus.
Collapse
|
26
|
Falagas ME, Maraki S, Karageorgopoulos DE, Kastoris AC, Kapaskelis A, Samonis G. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive non-urinary isolates to fosfomycin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35:497-9. [PMID: 20226634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin against Gram-positive non-urinary isolates collected at the microbiological laboratory of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in 2008. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method for a total of 1846 isolates; 1275 isolates (69.1%) were susceptible to fosfomycin. Specifically, 416/419 Staphylococcus aureus (99.3%) [including 129/130 meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates] and 745/961 coagulase-negative staphylococci (77.5%) were susceptible to fosfomycin. Among 42 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 64 Streptococcus pyogenes and 93 other streptococcal isolates, 61.9%, 40.6% and 48.4%, respectively, were susceptible to fosfomycin. Fosfomycin was inactive against the 166 enterococcal isolates tested. This old antibiotic may deserve consideration for further studies and use in clinical practice, especially for S. aureus (including MRSA) infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Falagas
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), 9 Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jensen SO, Lyon BR. Genetics of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:565-82. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial compounds, including most available classes of antibiotics and some antiseptics, are a major threat to patient care owing to their stubborn intransigence to chemotherapy and disinfection. This reality has stimulated extensive efforts to understand the genetic nature of the determinants encoding antimicrobial resistance, together with the mechanisms by which these determinants evolve over time and are spread within bacterial populations. Such studies have benefited from the application of molecular genetics and in recent years, the sequencing of over a dozen complete staphylococcal genomes. It is now evident that the evolution of multiresistance is driven by the acquisition of discrete preformed antimicrobial resistance genes that are exchanged between organisms via horizontal gene transfer. Nonetheless, chromosomal mutation is the catalyst of novel resistance determinants and is likely to have an enhanced influence with the ongoing introduction of synthetic antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slade O Jensen
- School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce R Lyon
- School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ishida N, Nakaminami H, Noguchi N, Kurokawa I, Nishijima S, Sasatsu M. Antimicrobial susceptibilities ofPropionibacterium acnesisolated from patients with acne vulgaris. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 52:621-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Nakaminami H, Noguchi N, Ikeda M, Hasui M, Sato M, Yamamoto S, Yoshida T, Asano T, Senoue M, Sasatsu M. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 273 exfoliative toxin-encoding-gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with impetigo in Japan. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:1251-1258. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/002824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masami Ikeda
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Mikiko Hasui
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Minoru Sato
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsura Senoue
- Takamatsu Dermatological Research Group, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasatsu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| |
Collapse
|