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Campbell-Tofte J, Mu H, Winther K, Mølgaard P, Belin N, Josefsen K. Standardization parameters and synergism of source plant materials for the antidiabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106004. [PMID: 38744382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapies has greatly improved the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), as they ensure good blood glucose control and promote weight loss. Ingestion of standardized herbal remedies that promote the same endogenous metabolic processes affected by the GLP-1-based treatments could provide cheaper alternatives in low- and middle-income countries, where there is currently an increase in the incidence of T2D. The focus in this study was to determine quality control parameters and the prime factors for the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea (RC-tea), as used in Nigerian traditional medicine to treat T2D. We have previously shown that the RC-tea that is made by boiling leaves of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. and fruits of Citrus aurantium L. causes normalization of blood glucose and reduction of ectopic lipid accumulation in genetic diabetic (BKS-db) mice and in humans with T2D. The standardized RC-tea was made by boiling 40 g dried R. vomitoria foliage and 200 g fresh C. aurantium fruits per litre. The resulting golden-brown extract is free of microbial contamination, has pH 5 and contains ca. 230 mg naringin (marker compound for C. aurantium) and 25 mg robinin (marker compound for R. vomitoria) per litre. In addition, the herbal extract has the characteristic HPLC-DAD fingerprint where the marker compounds, naringin and robinin have retention times of approximately 26.3 min and 26.9 min, respectively, when using the outlined column and gradient elution conditions. Comparative evaluations of the antidiabetic effects of the standardized RC-tea and boiling water-extracts made with C. aurantium fruits alone (CA), R. vomitoria foliage alone (RV) and a combination of CA and RV, (CA + RV) in BKS-db mice, indicate that components from R. vomitoria foliage drive the reductions in ectopic lipid accumulation, since CA-treated mice lacked this effect. However, the normalization of blood glucose arises from combination of components from the two source plant materials as administration of either CA or RV resulted in hypoglycaemia. Interestingly, treatment with the CA + RV mixture, generated by mixing individually produced CA and RV plant extracts, resulted in hyperglycaemia, possibly due to drug-drug interactions of the blood glucose-reducing components in either plant extract. Hence, our data show that the best antidiabetic outcome results from the traditional practice of boiling R. vomitoria foliage and C. aurantium fruits together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Campbell-Tofte
- Affiliated to Parker Institute, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kaj Winther
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Per Mølgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Peptides and Proteins, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicolas Belin
- Les Laboratoires Phytodia, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 ILLKIRCH CEDEX, France.
| | - Knud Josefsen
- The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet Department, 3733, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Pandeya SR, Nagy JA, Riveros D, Semple C, Taylor RS, Mortreux M, Sanchez B, Kapur K, Rutkove SB. Predicting myofiber cross-sectional area and triglyceride content with electrical impedance myography: A study in db/db mice. Muscle Nerve 2021; 63:127-140. [PMID: 33063867 PMCID: PMC8891989 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical impedance myography (EIM) provides insight into muscle composition and structure. We sought to evaluate its use in a mouse obesity model characterized by myofiber atrophy. METHODS We applied a prediction algorithm, ie, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), to surface, needle array, and ex vivo EIM data from db/db and wild-type mice and assessed myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) histologically and triglyceride (TG) content biochemically. RESULTS EIM data from all three modalities provided acceptable predictions of myofiber CSA with average root mean square error (RMSE) of 15% in CSA (ie, ±209 μm2 for a mean CSA of 1439 μm2 ) and TG content with RMSE of 30% in TG content (ie, ±7.3 nmol TG/mg muscle for a mean TG content of 25.4 nmol TG/mg muscle). CONCLUSIONS EIM combined with a predictive algorithm provides reasonable estimates of myofiber CSA and TG content without the need for biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbesh R. Pandeya
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janice A. Nagy
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela Riveros
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carson Semple
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca S. Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kush Kapur
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Moessinger C, Nilsson I, Muhl L, Zeitelhofer M, Heller Sahlgren B, Skogsberg J, Eriksson U. VEGF-B signaling impairs endothelial glucose transcytosis by decreasing membrane cholesterol content. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49343. [PMID: 32449307 PMCID: PMC7332976 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of endothelial nutrient transport is poorly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF‐B) signaling in endothelial cells promotes uptake and transcytosis of fatty acids from the bloodstream to the underlying tissue, advancing pathological lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity in diabetic complications. Here, we demonstrate that VEGF‐B limits endothelial glucose transport independent of fatty acid uptake. Specifically, VEGF‐B signaling impairs recycling of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to the plasma membrane, leading to reduced cholesterol uptake and membrane cholesterol loading. Reduced cholesterol levels in the membrane leads to a decrease in glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)‐dependent endothelial glucose uptake. Inhibiting VEGF‐B in vivo reconstitutes membrane cholesterol levels and restores glucose uptake, which is of particular relevance for conditions involving insulin resistance and diabetic complications. In summary, our study reveals a mechanism whereby VEGF‐B regulates endothelial nutrient uptake and highlights the impact of membrane cholesterol for regulation of endothelial glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Moessinger
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Heller Sahlgren
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yuan F, Song B, Huang Z, Xia C, Liu X. Quantification of pancreatic fat with dual-echo imaging at 3.0-T MR in clinical application: how do the corrections for T1 and T2* relaxation effect work and simplified correction strategy. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:1021-1028. [PMID: 29260576 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117745908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Dual-echo imaging is a routine clinical magnetic resonance (MR) sequence affected by T1 and T2* relaxation effect in fat quantification. The separate impacts of T1 and T2* relaxation effect in pancreatic fat quantification using dual-echo imaging at 3.0-T MR have not been reported in detail. Purpose To demonstrate the separate T1 and T2* relaxation effect on pancreatic fat quantification by dual-echo imaging at 3.0-T MR and the simplified correction strategy is discussed for convenient clinical application. Material and Methods Twenty-one non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) participants with high risk of pancreatic steatosis were included. Pancreatic fat fractions (FF) by dual-echo imaging with different corrections were compared to that of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied. Results The FF by 1H-MRS was 5.9 ± 1.7%. Significant positive correlation (all P < 0.01) was found between FF by 1H-MRS and each dual-echo imaging, in which T1 and T2* correction showed the best correlation (r = 0.95, FF = 6.2 ± 1.7%) and no correction showed the worst correlation (r = 0.86, FF = 5.2 ± 2.0%), and the simplified T1 and T2* correction manifested as r = 0.93 and FF = 6.3 ± 1.8%. FF by T1 and T2* correction showed the best agreement, while T1 correction showed the worst agreement as compared to that of 1H-MRS. Conclusion T1 and T2* correction shows the best performance while no correction dual-echo imaging remains clinical available which may benefit from prior OP echo. Simplified correction using single T2* (32.6 ms) of water and fat is recommended for convenient clinical application in absence of obvious pancreatic iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zixing Huang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xijiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Zghebi SS, Rutter MK, Ashcroft DM, Salisbury C, Mallen C, Chew-Graham CA, Reeves D, van Marwijk H, Qureshi N, Weng S, Peek N, Planner C, Nowakowska M, Mamas M, Kontopantelis E. Using electronic health records to quantify and stratify the severity of type 2 diabetes in primary care in England: rationale and cohort study design. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020926. [PMID: 29961021 PMCID: PMC6042592 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a significant burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems internationally. There is, however, no agreed validated measure to infer diabetes severity from electronic health records (EHRs). We aim to quantify T2DM severity and validate it using clinical adverse outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, linked hospitalisation and mortality records between April 2007 and March 2017 for patients with T2DM in England will be used to develop a clinical algorithm to grade T2DM severity. The EHR-based algorithm will incorporate main risk factors (severity domains) for adverse outcomes to stratify T2DM cohorts by baseline and longitudinal severity scores. Provisionally, T2DM severity domains, identified through a systematic review and expert opinion, are: diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin, microvascular complications, comorbidities and coprescribed treatments. Severity scores will be developed by two approaches: (1) calculating a count score of severity domains; (2) through hierarchical stratification of complications. Regression models estimates will be used to calculate domains weights. Survival analyses for the association between weighted severity scores and future outcomes-cardiovascular events, hospitalisation (diabetes-related, cardiovascular) and mortality (diabetes-related, cardiovascular, all-cause mortality)-will be performed as statistical validation. The proposed EHR-based approach will quantify the T2DM severity for primary care performance management and inform the methodology for measuring severity of other primary care-managed chronic conditions. We anticipate that the developed algorithm will be a practical tool for practitioners, aid clinical management decision-making, inform stratified medicine, support future clinical trials and contribute to more effective service planning and policy-making. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee. Some data were presented at the National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research Showcase, September 2017, Oxford, UK and the Diabetes UK Professional Conference March 2018, London, UK. The study findings will be disseminated in relevant academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa S Zghebi
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Salisbury
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Carolyn A Chew-Graham
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - David Reeves
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Harm van Marwijk
- Division of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Weng
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niels Peek
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences (L5), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Planner
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mamas Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Rashad H, Metwally FM, Ezzat SM, Salama MM, Hasheesh A, Abdel Motaal A. Randomized double-blinded pilot clinical study of the antidiabetic activity of Balanites aegyptiaca and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identification of its metabolites. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1954-1961. [PMID: 28724331 PMCID: PMC6130648 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1354388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are traditionally known for the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proposed some mechanisms of action. However, clinical trials in human beings were never reported to date. OBJECTIVES To investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of the 70% ethanol extract of the pericarps of B. aegyptiaca (BE) within a nutritional intervention in elderly people. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was used for metabolic profiling of BE which was incorporated in hard gelatine capsules (400 mg/day) and tested on 30 type 2 diabetes (T2D) Egyptian patients for 8 weeks. According to sex, age and body mass index participants were divided into two equivalent groups, placebo and treatment. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were identified in BE using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis among which five steroidal saponins, seven phenolic compounds and a sterol glucoside. At the end of the 8-week treatment, the treated group showed 26.88% decrease in 2 h postprandial plasma glucose relative to 2.6% increase in the placebo group, while fasting plasma glucose was reduced to 10.3%. Treatment with BE capsules for 8 weeks produced significant reduction in the plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9.0, 12.76 and 21.35%, respectively, with 29.8% increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were reduced by 42.6 and 43.3%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Administration of the BE capsules to T2D resulted in significant improvements in the glycaemic markers and the lipid profile, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Rashad
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Fateheya M Metwally
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Maha M Salama
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Adel Hasheesh
- c Department of Research on children with special needs , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
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Deng X, Wang J, Jiao L, Utaipan T, Tuma-Kellner S, Schmitz G, Liebisch G, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. iPLA2β deficiency attenuates obesity and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice through hepatic fatty-acyl phospholipid remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:449-61. [PMID: 26873633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6 or GVIA calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2β) is identified as one of the NAFLD modifier genes in humans, and thought to be a target for NAFLD therapy. iPLA2β is known to play a house-keeping role in phospholipid metabolism and remodeling. However, its role in NAFLD pathogenesis has not been supported by results obtained from high-fat feeding of iPLA2β-null (PKO) mice. Unlike livers of human NAFLD and genetically obese rodents, fatty liver induced by high-fat diet is not associated with depletion of hepatic phospholipids. We therefore tested whether iPLA2β could regulate obesity and hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient mice by cross-breeding PKO with ob/ob mice to generate ob/ob-PKO mice. Here we observed an improvement in ob/ob-PKO mice with significant reduction in serum enzymes, lipids, glucose, insulin as well as improved glucose tolerance, and reduction in islet hyperplasia. The improvement in hepatic steatosis measured by liver triglycerides, fatty acids and cholesterol esters was associated with decreased expression of PPARγ and de novo lipogenesis genes, and the reversal of β-oxidation gene expression. Notably, ob/ob livers contained depleted levels of lysophospholipids and phospholipids, and iPLA2β deficiency in ob/ob-PKO livers lowers the former, but replenished the latter particularly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that contained arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Compared with WT livers, PKO livers also contained increased PE and PC containing AA and DHA. Thus, iPLA2β deficiency protected against obesity and ob/ob fatty liver which was associated with hepatic fatty-acyl phospholipid remodeling. Our results support the deleterious role of iPLA2β in severe obesity associated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanyarath Utaipan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chai J, Liu P, Jin E, Su T, Zhang J, Shi K, Hong XU, Yin J, Yu H. MRI chemical shift imaging of the fat content of the pancreas and liver of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:476-480. [PMID: 26893633 PMCID: PMC4734085 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between the content and distribution of fat in the pancreas and liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 70 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM (T2DM group) and 30 healthy volunteers (normal control group) were enrolled in the present study. Dual-echo magnetic resonance (MR) chemical shift imaging was used to measure the fat content of the liver and the head, body and tail regions of the pancreas. In addition, the distribution of fat in the various regions of the pancreas, as well as the average fat content of the pancreas versus the liver, were compared. The fat content of the pancreatic head, body and tail regions of the T2DM group were 5.59±4.70, 4.80±3.75 and 4.89±3.86%, respectively. The fat content of these regions in the normal control group were 3.89±2.47, 3.30±2.11 and 3.23±2.23%, respectively. The average fat content of the pancreas was 5.19±3.75% for the T2DM group and 3.47±2.00% for the normal control group. The average fat content of the liver was 9.87±3.19% for the T2DM group and 7.24±2.38% for the normal control group. Therefore, the results from MR chemical shift imaging suggested that there were no significant differences in the distribution of fat between the pancreas of patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and that from the healthy population; however, the average fat content in the pancreas of the T2DM group was significantly higher (F=3.597; P<0.05), as compared with the normal control group. In addition, there was no correlation between the fat contents in the pancreas and liver in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chai
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Erhu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Tianhao Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Kaining Shi
- GE Healthcare China, General Electric Company, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - X U Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hengchi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Li J, Xie Y, Yuan F, Song B, Tang C. Noninvasive quantification of pancreatic fat in healthy male population using chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging: effect of aging on pancreatic fat content. Pancreas 2011; 40:295-9. [PMID: 21178651 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e318201669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to establish a database of pancreatic fat fractions for healthy men aged 20 to 70 years using double-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS The double-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging technique was used in this study. A phantom of fat-water mixtures was established to test the accuracy of the sequence. In addition, 126 healthy male volunteers (20-70 years, body mass index ≤ 25) were enrolled. Fat content of the pancreas (head, body, and tail) was examined. RESULTS On the phantom, a significant positive linear correlation and linear regression was found between the calculated and actual fat fractions of fat emulsions. For volunteers, there was no significant difference regarding fat fractions among the 3 regions of pancreata in each age group (P > 0.05). Pancreatic fat fraction (6.32% ± 1.18%) of healthy men aged 50 to 70 years was approximately 1-fold higher than that (2.8% ± 0.66%) of those aged 20 to 50 years (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Double-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging is useful for quantifying pancreatic fat fraction. This noninvasive technique has revealed (1) an even distribution of pancreatic fat in healthy men, (2) aging as an independent risk factor for pancreatic steatosis, and (3) the increase in pancreatic fat fraction beginning in the fifth decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Campbell-Tofte JIA, Mølgaard P, Josefsen K, Abdallah Z, Hansen SH, Cornett C, Mu H, Richter EA, Petersen HW, Nørregaard JC, Winther K. Randomized and double-blinded pilot clinical study of the safety and anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea, as used in Nigerian traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:402-411. [PMID: 20955771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this randomized and double blinded pilot clinical trial was to investigate the anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus (RC) tea in humans. We have earlier shown that a combination of calorie-restriction and chronic administration of the RC tea to the genetic diabetic (BKS-db) mice resulted in the normalization of blood sugar, reduction in lipid accumulated in the mice eyes and prevention of the degeneration of the otherwise brittle BKS-db pancreas. The tea is made by boiling foliage of Rauvolfia vomitoria and fruits of Citrus aurantium and is used to treat diabetes in Nigerian folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RC tea was produced using the Nigerian traditional recipe and tested in the traditional dosage on 23 Danish type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The participants were divided into two equivalent groups after stratification by sex, age and BMI, in a 4-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial. Most of the study subjects (19/23) were using oral anti-diabetic agents (OADs). Mean disease duration was 6±4.6 years, mean age was 64±7 years and mean BMI was 28.7±3.8 kg/m(2). Prior to starting the treatment, the participants received individual dietician consultations. RESULTS At the end of the 4-month treatment period, the treated group showed an 11% decrease in 2-h postprandial plasma glucose relative to the 3% increase in the placebo group (p=0.004). The improvement in blood glucose clearance with RC tea treatment was reflected in a 6% reduction in HbA(1c) (p=0.02) and in a 10% reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p=0.02), when comparing the post 4-month treatment to pre-treatment baseline values. Though the basal levels of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme in skeletal muscle were significantly reduced in the treated group (p=0.04), as compared to the placebo, only the pattern of reductions in the tissue fatty acids (FAs) differed in the two groups. While all types of FAs were reduced in placebo, only saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) FAs were reduced with treatment. Interestingly, a modest increase in the polyunsaturated FAs fraction was observed in the RC treated group. In addition, the reduction in SFA and MUFA with RC tea treatment came solely from the triglyceride fractions, as there was an increase in the skeletal muscle phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Chronic administration of the RC tea to overweight T2D on OADs caused significant improvements in markers of glycaemic control and modifications to the fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia. Further exploration of the anti-diabetic effects of the RC tea is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan I A Campbell-Tofte
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universtitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Magnusson YK, Friberg P, Sjövall P, Malm J, Chen Y. TOF-SIMS analysis of lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2745-53. [PMID: 18833214 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation is associated with several chronic metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether static imaging time-of-flight-secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) equipped with a Bismuth-cluster ion source can be used for studying skeletal muscle lipid accumulation associated with obesity. Mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissues in 10-week-old obese ob/ob (n = 8) and lean wild-type C57/BL6 (n = 6) mice were analyzed by TOF-SIMS. Our results showed that signal intensities of fatty acids (FAs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) were significantly increased in skeletal muscle of the obese ob/ob mice as compared to the lean wild-type mice. These differences were revealed through a global analytical approach, principal component analysis (PCA) of TOF-SIMS spectra, and ion-specific TOF-SIMS images. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis showed that FA signal intensities within the muscle cell were significantly increased in ob/ob mice. Moreover, analysis of the ratio between different FA peaks revealed changes in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), which is in agreement with previous reports on obesity. These changes in FA composition were also reflected in the ratio of different DAGs or phosphatidylcholines (PCs) that contain different FA residues. Imaging TOF-SIMS together with PCA of TOF-SIMS spectra is a promising tool for studying skeletal muscle lipid accumulation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva K Magnusson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Clinical Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Quantification of Pancreatic Lipomatosis and Liver Steatosis by MRI: Comparison of In/Opposed-Phase and Spectral-Spatial Excitation Techniques. Invest Radiol 2008; 43:330-7. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31816a88c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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