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Hanie MH, Mohammad Reza A, Mansoureh S, Fatemeh SB, Ali S. Exploring the impact of melatonin and omega-3, individually and in combination, on cognitive function, histological changes, and oxidant-antioxidant balance in male rats with dorsal CA1 hippocampal lesions. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149046. [PMID: 38821333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Damage to the hippocampus leads to increased anxiety, memory problems, and learning disabilities. Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, serves as an antioxidant and provides defense against nerve damage. Omega-3 (ω3) is known for improving brain function. This study aims to examine the impact of melatonin and omega-3, both individually and in combination, on cognitive function, histological changes, and the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in male rats with injuries to the dorsal CA1 hippocampus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five rat groups (n = 8) were examined. The sham group was given normal saline via intraperitoneal (ip) and gavage routes. After a local lesion in the hippocampus, the lesion group underwent the same treatment. The MLT group was given melatonin (10 mg/kg, ip), the ω3 group was provided with omega-3 (0.8 g/kg, gavage), and the MLT + ω3 group received both treatments. Injections were administered every other day for 10 days. On the 11th day, behavioral assessments were conducted, and then pyramidal cells were quantified using image analysis software. Serum samples were assessed for levels of oxidants and antioxidants. RESULTS The results from the open field test indicated a significant increase in distance moved in the Lesion + MLT + ω3 group compared to the lesion group (P < 0.05). Performance in the novel object recognition test showed improvement in the ω3 and MLT + ω3 treated groups compared to the lesion group (P < 0.05). Additionally, social interaction duration notably increased in the ω3, MLT, and MLT + ω3 treated groups compared to the lesion group. The number of degenerated cells in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas of the lesion group significantly increased compared to the sham group, but melatonin and omega-3 notably reduced this number (P < 0.05). The serum levels of the antioxidant enzymes,include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the lesion group notably changed compared to the sham group, but omega-3 effectively restored them to control levels. CONCLUSION According to increase in distance moved, memory function, learning and social interactions of the animal in the behavioral results and the reduction of degenerate cells in the histological results, it can be said that these effects may be part of the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3. The increase in levels of antioxidant enzymes, particularly omega-3, indicates their promise as therapeutic agents for reducing oxidative stress-induced damage in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudi Hashemi Hanie
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Afarinesh Mohammad Reza
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Sabzalizadeh Mansoureh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sheikh Bahaei Fatemeh
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shamsara Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Namiecinska M, Piatek P, Lewkowicz P. Nervonic Acid Synthesis Substrates as Essential Components in Profiled Lipid Supplementation for More Effective Central Nervous System Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3792. [PMID: 38612605 PMCID: PMC11011827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage leads to severe neurological dysfunction as a result of neuronal cell death and axonal degeneration. As, in the mature CNS, neurons have little ability to regenerate their axons and reconstruct neural loss, demyelination is one of the hallmarks of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, remyelination, as a regenerative process, is often insufficient to prevent axonal loss and improve neurological deficits after demyelination. Currently, there are still no effective therapeutic tools to restore neurological function, but interestingly, emerging studies prove the beneficial effects of lipid supplementation in a wide variety of pathological processes in the human body. In the future, available lipids with a proven beneficial effect on CNS regeneration could be included in supportive therapy, but this topic still requires further studies. Based on our and others' research, we review the role of exogenous lipids, pointing to substrates that are crucial in the remyelination process but are omitted in available studies, justifying the properly profiled supply of lipids in the human diet as a supportive therapy during CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251/A4 Street, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (P.L.)
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Rao AS, Nair A, Nivetha K, Ayesha B, Hardi K, Divya V, Veena SM, Anantharaju KS, More SS. Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:209-229. [PMID: 38427239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc. Dietary intake of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are foundational to the optimal working of the nervous system. Besides regulating health, these biomolecules have great therapeutic value in treating several diseases, particularly nervous system diseases and disorders. Many recent studies conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurochemical disorders, and many other illnesses associated with the nervous system. This chapter summates the multifaceted role of poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), in the neuronal health and functioning. The importance of dietary intake of these essential fatty acids, their recommended dosages, bioavailability, the mechanism of their action, and therapeutic values are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - K Nivetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibi Ayesha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kapadia Hardi
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vora Divya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Álvarez-Córdoba M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Romero-Domínguez JM, López-Cabrera A, Armengol JÁ, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Patient-Derived Cellular Models for Polytarget Precision Medicine in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1359. [PMID: 37895830 PMCID: PMC10609847 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) brings together a broad set of progressive and disabling neurological genetic disorders in which iron is deposited preferentially in certain areas of the brain. Among NBIA disorders, the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) caused by pathologic variants in the PANK2 gene codifying the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2). To date, there are no effective treatments to stop the progression of these diseases. This review discusses the utility of patient-derived cell models as a valuable tool for the identification of pharmacological or natural compounds for implementing polytarget precision medicine in PKAN. Recently, several studies have described that PKAN patient-derived fibroblasts present the main pathological features associated with the disease including intracellular iron overload. Interestingly, treatment of mutant cell cultures with various supplements such as pantothenate, pantethine, vitamin E, omega 3, α-lipoic acid L-carnitine or thiamine, improved all pathophysiological alterations in PKAN fibroblasts with residual expression of the PANK2 enzyme. The information provided by pharmacological screenings in patient-derived cellular models can help optimize therapeutic strategies in individual PKAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Jose Manuel Romero-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - José Ángel Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University), 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (M.M.-C.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.); (A.L.-C.)
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Antao HS, Sacadura-Leite E, Bandarra NM, Figueira ML. Omega-3 index as risk factor in psychiatric diseases: a narrative review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200403. [PMID: 37575565 PMCID: PMC10416246 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have described associations between the omega-3 index (defined as the RBC percentage of EPA and DHA) and mental conditions, but no risk stratification or target value has gathered consensus so far. This narrative review aims to summarize the published data on the association between omega-3 index and mental illness and to contribute to the concept of an omega-3 index in the field of mental health. The bibliographic searches have been carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to find relevant English language original research studies related to that association. The study search and selection process were registered in a PRISMA flow. Thirty-six studies were included in this review examining the links between omega-3 index and postpartum depression (3), major depression (15), major depression and bipolar disorder (1), bipolar disorder (4), schizophrenia and major depression (1), schizophrenia and other psychosis (5) and dementia (7). Thirty of these studies found either significant differences in omega-3 index between patients and controls or inverse relationships between omega-3 index and disease severity. The published evidence is compelling enough to suggest omega-3 index as a risk factor for some psychiatric diseases, specifically, major depression, postpartum depression, psychosis, and dementia. In occidental populations, we propose a risk threshold of (a) 4-5% in major depression and dementia, (b) 5% in postpartum depression, and (c) 4% for psychosis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ema Sacadura-Leite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CISP – Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, ENSP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
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Makdissi S, Parsons BD, Di Cara F. Towards early detection of neurodegenerative diseases: A gut feeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1087091. [PMID: 36824371 PMCID: PMC9941184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1087091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract communicates with the nervous system through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, which consists of multiple connections, including the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, the immune system, endocrine signals, the microbiota, and its metabolites. Alteration of communications in the gut-brain axis is emerging as an overlooked cause of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that are incurable and debilitating conditions resulting in progressive degeneration and death of neurons, such as in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. NDs are a leading cause of global death and disability, and the incidences are expected to increase in the following decades if prevention strategies and successful treatment remain elusive. To date, the etiology of NDs is unclear due to the complexity of the mechanisms of diseases involving genetic and environmental factors, including diet and microbiota. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in diet, alteration of the microbiota, and deregulation of metabolism in the intestinal epithelium influence the inflammatory status of the neurons linked to disease insurgence and progression. This review will describe the leading players of the so-called diet-microbiota-gut-brain (DMGB) axis in the context of NDs. We will report recent findings from studies in model organisms such as rodents and fruit flies that support the role of diets, commensals, and intestinal epithelial functions as an overlooked primary regulator of brain health. We will finish discussing the pivotal role of metabolisms of cellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes in maintaining the DMGB axis and how alteration of the latter can be used as early disease makers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
| | - Brendon D. Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
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Sheng C, Chu X, He Y, Ding Q, Jia S, Shi Q, Sun R, Song L, Du W, Liang Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Wang X. Alterations in Peripheral Metabolites as Key Actors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:379-393. [PMID: 37622711 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230825091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be regarded as a metabolic disease, accompanying central and peripheral metabolic disturbance. Nowadays, exploring novel and potentially alternative hallmarks for AD is needed. Peripheral metabolites based on blood and gut may provide new biochemical insights about disease mechanisms. These metabolites can influence brain energy homeostasis, maintain gut mucosal integrity, and regulate the host immune system, which may further play a key role in modulating the cognitive function and behavior of AD. Recently, metabolomics has been used to identify key AD-related metabolic changes and define metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory. This review aims to summarize the key blood- and microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in AD and identify the potential metabolic biomarkers of AD, which will provide future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Shulei Jia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiguang Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Cui XY, Jiang S, Wang CC, Yang JY, Zhao YC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Comparative Analyses of EPA-Phosphatidylcholine, EPA-Lysophosphatidylcholine, and DHA-Lysophosphatidylcholine on DHA and EPA Repletion in n-3 PUFA-Deficient Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13327-13339. [PMID: 36197792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) play an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of tissues, and the beneficial effects of DHA/EPA in phospholipid forms have been widely reported. Although lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is considered to be the preferred form of DHA supplementation for the brain, the kinetics of DHA and EPA recovery and corresponding changes of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in different phospholipid molecules and different tissues after administration of EPA in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and LPC forms and DHA in the LPC form are not clear. Here, we measured the total fatty acids in tissues and fatty acid composition of different phospholipid molecules after gavage administration of equal molar amounts of EPA/DHA in mice with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency induced by maternal dietary deprivation of n-3 PUFA during pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that dietary supplementation with EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC exhibited different priorities for EPA or DHA accretion and supplementation efficiency curves in different tissues during the developing period. EPA-PC exhibited a more optimal efficacy in DHA and EPA repletion in serum and hepatic total fatty acids. In terms of DHA recovery in the brain, EPA-LPC and DHA-LPC showed great effects. Meanwhile, the DHA level in total fatty acids and major fractions of phospholipids (PC, PE, and PI + PS) in the heart and bone marrow with the supplementation of DHA-LPC displayed a relatively considerable increase compared with that of EPA supplementation groups. The study provides a reference for the time course of DHA or EPA recovery in phospholipid molecular species in different tissues after the supplementation of EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
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11
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Relationship between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Neurodegenerative Disease: Lessons from ADH1B, CYP1A2 and MTHFR. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081498. [PMID: 36011409 PMCID: PMC9408177 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, the main features involved in the susceptibility and progression of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) have been discussed, with the purpose of highlighting their potential application for promoting the management and treatment of patients with NDDs. In particular, the impact of genetic and epigenetic factors, nutrients, and lifestyle will be presented, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Metabolism, dietary habits, physical exercise and microbiota are part of a complex network that is crucial for brain function and preservation. This complex equilibrium can be disrupted by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors causing perturbations in central nervous system homeostasis, contributing thereby to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Diet and physical activity can directly act on epigenetic modifications, which, in turn, alter the expression of specific genes involved in NDDs onset and progression. On this subject, the introduction of nutrigenomics shed light on the main molecular players involved in the modulation of health and disease status. In particular, the review presents data concerning the impact of ADH1B, CYP1A2, and MTHFR on the susceptibility and progression of NDDs (especially AD and PD) and how they may be exploited for developing precision medicine strategies for the disease treatment and management.
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12
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Álvarez-Córdoba M, Reche-López D, Cilleros-Holgado P, Talaverón-Rey M, Villalón-García I, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Rivero JM, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Piñero-Pérez R, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Therapeutic approach with commercial supplements for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration with residual PANK2 expression levels. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:311. [PMID: 35945593 PMCID: PMC9364590 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of rare neurogenetic disorders frequently associated with iron accumulation in the basal nuclei of the brain characterized by progressive spasticity, dystonia, muscle rigidity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and retinal degeneration or optic nerve atrophy. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is one of the most widespread NBIA subtypes. It is caused by mutations in the gene of pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) that result in dysfunction in PANK2 enzyme activity, with consequent deficiency of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, as well as low levels of essential metabolic intermediates such as 4′-phosphopantetheine, a necessary cofactor for essential cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins. Methods In this manuscript, we examined the therapeutic effectiveness of pantothenate, panthetine, antioxidants (vitamin E and omega 3) and mitochondrial function boosting supplements (L-carnitine and thiamine) in mutant PANK2 cells with residual expression levels. Results Commercial supplements, pantothenate, pantethine, vitamin E, omega 3, carnitine and thiamine were able to eliminate iron accumulation, increase PANK2, mtACP, and NFS1 expression levels and improve pathological alterations in mutant cells with residual PANK2 expression levels. Conclusion Our results suggest that several commercial compounds are indeed able to significantly correct the mutant phenotype in cellular models of PKAN. These compounds alone or in combinations are of common use in clinical practice and may be useful for the treatment of PKAN patients with residual enzyme expression levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02465-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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13
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Ng SW, Furman R, Axelsen PH, Shchepinov MS. Free Radical Chain Reactions and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Lipids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25337-25345. [PMID: 35910174 PMCID: PMC9330197 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (PUFAs) concentrate in the brain and give rise to numerous oxidative chemical degradation products. It is widely assumed that these products are the result of free radical chain reactions, and reactions of this type have been demonstrated in preparations where a single PUFA substrate species predominates. However, it is unclear whether such reactions can occur in the biologically complex milieu of lipid membranes where PUFA substrates are a minority species, and where diverse free radical scavengers or other quenching mechanisms are present. It is of particular interest to know whether they occur in brain, where PUFAs are concentrated and where PUFA oxidation products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. To ascertain whether free radical chain reactions can occur in a complex brain lipid mixture, mouse brain lipids were extracted, formed into vesicles, and treated with a fixed number of hydroxyl radicals under conditions wherein the concentrations and types of PUFA-containing phospholipids were varied. Specific phospholipid species in the mixture were assayed by tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the oxidative losses of endogenous PUFA-containing phospholipids. Results reveal crosstalk between the oxidative degradation of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs that can only be explained by the occurrence of free radical chain reactions. These results demonstrate that PUFAs in a complex brain lipid mixture can participate in free radical chain reactions wherein the extent of oxidative degradation is not limited by the number of reactive oxygen species available to initiate such reactions. These reactions may help explain otherwise puzzling in vivo interactions between ω3 and ω6 PUFAs in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon
C. W. Ng
- Department
of Pharmacology, 1009C Stellar Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, United States
| | - Ran Furman
- Department
of Pharmacology, 1009C Stellar Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, United States
| | - Paul H. Axelsen
- Department
of Pharmacology, 1009C Stellar Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, United States
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14
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Zamora-Arellano NY, Betancourt-Lozano M, Ruelas-Inzunza J, Jara-Marini M, Girón-Pérez MI. Risk and Benefit Analysis of Fish Consumption in NW Mexico: Mercury, Selenium, and Fatty Acids. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:36-46. [PMID: 35690954 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To balance the risks and benefits of fish consumption, selenium, fatty acids (DHA + EPA), and mercury in fishery products were determined. Analyzed products were canned tuna, frozen tuna (Thunnus albacares), smoked striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax), fresh Pacific sierra (Scomberomorus sierra), fresh dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), fresh tilapia (Gerres cinereus), and fresh bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus). Mercury (μg g-1 wet weight) ranged from 0.01 (dolphinfish) to 0.23 (bullseye puffer); Se ranged from 0.12 to 0.25. EPA + DHA ranged from 1.16 to 10.72 mg g-1. Intake of EPA + DHA was comparable or above the recommended daily intake; Hg intake was below the reference dose but Se intake was below than recommended values for the different population groups. Considering the HBVSe, fishery products had positive values; i.e., they are healthy food items. According to the interaction of Hg and Se and the rate of fishery product consumption, the risk for consumers is below one percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Yuriana Zamora-Arellano
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center for Research in Food and Development, Sábalo-Cerritos Av., 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Polytechnic University of Sinaloa, Higueras Street Km 3, 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Miguel Betancourt-Lozano
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center for Research in Food and Development, Sábalo-Cerritos Av., 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ruelas-Inzunza
- Technological Institute of Mazatlán, Calle Corsario 1 No. 203, C.P 82070, Mazatlán,, Sinaloa, México.
| | - Martín Jara-Marini
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center for Research in Food and Development, Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic-Jalisco Boulevard S/N Ciudad de La Cultura Amado Nervo, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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15
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Shao J, Wang S, Liu L. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation against prenatal lead exposure induced cognitive impairment in offspring mice. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:183-192. [PMID: 35527006 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Maternal lead exposure is associated with poor outcomes in fetal brain development such as cognitive dysfunction. Here, we aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of omega-3 fatty acids in ameliorating maternal lead exposure-induced cognitive impairment in mouse offspring. The activity levels of locomotor and anxiety, memory and learning capacity, spatial working memory, and cognitive behavioral function were determined using the open field test, Morris water maze, Y-maze, and nest-building test, respectively. The protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot. The mRNA levels of BDNF, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) were measured by real-time qPCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidants, including SOD, GSH and CAT, were measured using bioassay kits. We found that supplementing omega-3 significantly improved cognitive behavioral function in offspring after prenatal lead exposure. The protein and mRNA levels of BDNF, TrkB and CREB in the prenatal lead exposure group were significantly upregulated by omega-3 supplementation. The MDA level in the prenatal lead exposure group was markedly elevated compared with the control group, which was significantly reduced by omega-3. Omega-3 restored anti-oxidants SOD, GSH and CAT to control levels after prenatal lead exposure. Omega-3 significantly upregulated Nrf2 nuclear expression and HO-1 expression after prenatal lead exposure. Overall, omega-3 supplementation significantly elevated the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway and restores anti-oxidants by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1, thereby improving cognitive function in offspring after prenatal lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Department of Obstetrics, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Qiqihar, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital,Southern Medical University, China
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Fischer P, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, Gonzales I, Conde PA, Galano JM, Durand T, Oger C. Straightforward Syntheses of Phytoprostanes and dihomo‐Phytoprostanes − Non‐enzymatic Metabolites of γ‐Linolenic, dihomo‐γ‐Linolenic and Stearidonic acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fischer
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Alexandre Guy
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Ilyana Gonzales
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Pierre-Alexis Conde
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Bioactive Lipids Synthesis Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
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17
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Liu ZH, Huang YC, Kuo CY, Chuang CC, Chen CC, Chen NY, Yip PK, Chen JP. Co-Delivery of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor from Electrospun Aligned Core-Shell Fibrous Membranes in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:321. [PMID: 35214053 PMCID: PMC8880006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To restore lost functions while repairing the neuronal structure after spinal cord injury (SCI), pharmacological interventions with multiple therapeutic agents will be a more effective modality given the complex pathophysiology of acute SCI. Toward this end, we prepared electrospun membranes containing aligned core-shell fibers with a polylactic acid (PLA) shell, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the core. The controlled release of both pro-regenerative agents is expected to provide combinatory treatment efficacy for effective neurogenesis, while aligned fiber topography is expected to guide directional neurite extension. The in vitro release study indicates that both DHA and BDNF could be released continuously from the electrospun membrane for up to 50 days, while aligned microfibers guide the neurite extension of primary cortical neurons along the fiber axis. Furthermore, the PLA/DHA/BDNF core-shell fibrous membrane (CSFM) provides a significantly higher neurite outgrowth length from the neuron cells than the PLA/DHA CSFM. This is supported by the upregulation of genes associated with neuroprotection and neuroplasticity from RT-PCR analysis. From an in vivo study by implanting a drug-loaded CSFM into the injury site of a rat suffering from SCI with a cervical hemisection, the co-delivery of DHA and BDNF from a PLA/DHA/BDNF CSFM could significantly improve neurological function recovery from behavioral assessment, as well as provide neuroprotection and promote neuroplasticity changes in recovered neuronal tissue from histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Chang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Nan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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18
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Lin PY, Cheng C, Satyanarayanan SK, Chiu LT, Chien YC, Chuu CP, Lan TH, Su KP. Omega-3 fatty acids and blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:289-298. [PMID: 34755655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers are consistently associated with cognitive decline. The omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) had been linked to slowing cognitive decline due to their potential anti-inflammatory effects. To our knowledge, the different regiments of pure DHA, pure EPA, and their combination on various associated symptoms of dementia, including a mild form of cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), have never been studied. METHODS This multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at two veteran's retirement centers and one medical center in central Taiwan between 2013 and 2015. 163 MCI or AD patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 40), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 0.7 g/day, n = 41), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 1.6 g/day, n = 40), or EPA (0.8 g/day) + DHA (0.35 g/day) (n = 42) group for 24 months. The results were measured as the cognitive and functional abilities, biochemical, and inflammatory cytokines profiles. Chi-square tests, two-sample t-test, ANOVA, and linear mixedeffects models were conducted with p < 0.05. RESULTS 131 (80%) participants had completed the trial with all cognitive, functional, and mood status assessments. The statistically significant difference between the placebo and treatment groups was not determined, concerning the changes in cognitive, functional, and mood status scores, the biochemical profiles, and inflammatory cytokines levels. However, EPA was found to reduce the C-C motif ligands 4 (CCL4) level (p < 0.001). Additionally, EPA could reduce the constructional praxis (p < 0.05) and spoken language ability scores (p < 0.01), and DHA also reduced the spoken language ability score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, n-3 PUFAs supplements did not reduce cognitive, functional, and depressive symptom outcomes, but spoken language ability and constructional praxis subitems of ADAS-cog. These findings show that attention to clinical heterogeneity in dementia is crucial when studying nutrients interventions, such as n-3 PUFAs. In addition, with small effect size CCL4 is a better indicator than other inflammatory cytokines for EPA treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Wei Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chin Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Good Day Psychiatric Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lu-Ting Chiu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institue of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Emma EM, Amanda J. Dietary lipids from body to brain. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101144. [PMID: 34915080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Bie N, Li J, Li C, Lian R, Qin L, Wang C. Protective effect and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid on the cognitive function in female APP/PS1 mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11435-11448. [PMID: 34676845 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been studied for many years owing to its protective effect on the decline in brain function. DHA intake reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decreases amyloid deposition; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been completed elucidated. In this study, the effect of DHA on the cognitive function of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 in wild-type mice and its related mechanism were investigated. Results from the Morris water maze test showed that DHA improved learning and memory function in mice. Moreover, DHA reduced neuronal damage in mice brains, as determined using Nissl staining. Unsaturated fatty acid levels in the brain of mice increased (p < 0.01) after DHA administration and saturated fatty acid levels decreased (p < 0.01). The deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles was significantly inhibited. The mechanism of action of DHA was attributed to the upregulation of the expression of β-secretase (BACE)2, which competed with BACE1 to cleave APP, thus decreasing the production of extracellular Aβ fragments (p < 0.01). The expression level of insulin-degrading enzyme was not significantly different. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors was further downregulated and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and tau protein was inhibited (p < 0.01). These data indicated that DHA could protect cognitive function in mice by reducing Aβ plaque formation and decreasing tau phosphorylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
| | - Jingyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
| | - Chenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
| | - Rui Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
| | - Liehao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
| | - Chunling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300457, People Republic of China.
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Wu S, Chen Y, Wang X, Weng S, Zhou W, Liu Z. Effect of EPA on Hsp90 and GRα protein expression in multiple myeloma drug-resistant cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1076. [PMID: 34600510 PMCID: PMC8487534 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of MM patients harbor glucocorticoid (GC) resistance and are not responsive to therapeutic effect. Chaperoneheat-shock proteins Hsp90 is needed for ligand docking, The imbalance of Hsp90/GRα (glucocorticoid receptor α) may be an important cause of GC resistance. Recent studies have indicated that EPA could repress cancer cell growth by regulating critical influential factors in progression of cancer, consisting of resistance to drugs, chemosensitivity. The aim of the present study was to test the cytotoxic effects of EPA alone or EPA + Dexamethasone in dexamethasone-resistant MM cell (MM.1R) and investigate whether DHA can induce apoptosis and reverse acquired glucocorticoid resistance in dexamethasone-resistant MM cell (MM.1R). METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the proliferation of MM.1R cells after treating with EPA alone and EPA combined with DEX. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry and GRα and Hsp90 protein expression were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS EPA alone was able to inhibit cell proliferation as evidenced by CCK-8 assay and the tumor growth was remarkably suppressed by EPA + Dexamethasone, Cell apoptosis after EPA treatment was obviously observed by Flow cytometry analysis of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Analysis of Hsp90 and GRα proteins in MM.1R cells incubated with EPA revealed down-regulation of Hsp90 and up-regulation of GRα. Accordingly, the Hsp90/GRα ratio was significantly decreased with the increase of EPA concentration. CONCLUSIONS EPA might be used as a new effective treatment for reversal of glucocorticoid-resistance in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yuemiao Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueshuang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenjin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital), No.252 East Baili Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Shati AA, El-Kott AF. Resolvin D1 protects against cadmium chloride-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats: A comparison with docosahexaenoic acid. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S215-S232. [PMID: 34405727 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211038739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intoxication with cadmium (Cd) ions leads to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment. However, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegeneration. PURPOSE This study compared the neuroprotective effect of the n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and its downstream metabolite, resolvin D1 (RVD1), on hippocampal damage and memory deficits in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-treated rats. RESEARCH DESIGN Control or CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated rats were subdivided into three groups (n = 18/each) and treated for 6 weeks as follows: (1) fed control diet, (2) fed DHA-rich diets (0.7 g/100 g), or (3) treated with RVD1 (0.2 μg/kg, i.p). RESULTS Treatment with a DHA-rich diet or RVD1 significantly increased the levels of docosahexaenoic acid and RVD1, respectively, in the hippocampal of CdCl2-treated rats without affecting the reduction in the expression of the 15-lipooxygenase-1 (ALOX15). These effects were associated with improvements in rats' memory function and hippocampal structure, as well as a redction in the hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear localization of the nuclear factor-kappa beta p65 (NF-κB p65), and expression of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, hippocampi of both groups of rats showed significantly higher levels of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as enhanced nuclear levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). The effects of RVD1 on all these markers in the CdCl2-induced rats were more profound than those of DHA. Also, the increase in the nuclear protein levels of Nrf-2 and the decrease in the levels of Bax and nuclear protein levels of NF-κB p65 were only seen in the hippocampal of CdCl2 + RVD1-treated rats. CONCLUSION RVD1 is more powerful than DHA in preventing CdCl2-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, 48144King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, 48144King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Lawal KG, Kavle RR, Akanbi TO, Mirosa M, Agyei D. Enrichment in specific fatty acids profile of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens larvae through feeding. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Caruso G, Floris R, Serangeli C, Di Paola L. Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120622. [PMID: 33297310 PMCID: PMC7762275 DOI: 10.3390/md18120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6015-423
| | - Rosanna Floris
- AGRIS-Sardegna, Servizio Ricerca Prodotti Ittici, Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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Contribution of DHA diols (19,20-DHDP) produced by cytochrome P450s and soluble epoxide hydrolase to the beneficial effects of DHA supplementation in the brains of rotenone-induced rat models of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158858. [PMID: 33279658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. DHA is metabolized to DHA epoxides (EDPs) and hydroxides by cytochrome P450s (P450s), and EDPs are further hydroxylated to the corresponding diols, dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acids (DHDPs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In the present study, we investigated the roles of these DHA metabolites in the beneficial effects of DHA supplementation on a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Metabolite analysis by LC-MS revealed that CYP2A1, 2C11, 2C13, 2C23, and 2E1 contributed to the formation of EDPs, and these P450s and sEH were expressed in the rat brain. We found that DHA supplementation in rats improved the motor dysfunction induced by rotenone. In addition, DHA reversed the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase and the increase in lipid peroxidation generated by rotenone in the striatum. DHA supplementation also induced mRNA expression of antioxidant genes, such as sod1 and catalase, and Nrf2 protein expression in the striatum. However, these effects of DHA supplementation were eliminated by cosupplementation with the sEH inhibitor TPPU. Supplementation with DHA increased the amount of 19,20-DHDP in the rat brain, while the amount of EDPs was not significantly increased. In addition, TPPU suppressed the increase in DHDPs and increased EDPs in the brain. In PC12 cells, 19,20-DHDP increased the mRNA levels of sod1 and catalase along with Nrf2 induction. This study suggests that DHA metabolites-DHDPs generated by P450s and sEH-have an important role in improving rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease.
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Padial-Domínguez M, Espejo-Carpio FJ, García-Moreno PJ, Jacobsen C, Guadix EM. Protein derived emulsifiers with antioxidant activity for stabilization of omega-3 emulsions. Food Chem 2020; 329:127148. [PMID: 32485647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) for producing physically and chemically stable omega-3 emulsions was compared to hydrolysates obtained from other sustainable protein sources such as soy (SPH) and blue whiting (BPH). The oxidative stability of hydrolysate-stabilized emulsions was greatly influenced by their physical stability. Emulsion stabilized with BPH suffered a constant increase in droplet size and BPH was not able to prevent omega-3 oxidation, showing high concentration of volatiles. The peroxide value of SPH emulsion increased after the first day of storage, but it had a lower concentration of volatiles. In contrast, WPH-stabilized emulsion, which did not had any change in droplet size during storage, showed the highest oxidative stability. Therefore, our results confirmed that WPH is an interesting option for physical and oxidative stabilization of omega-3 emulsions, while SPH could be used in emulsions with shorter storage time such as pre-emulsions for microencapsulation of omega-3 oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emilia M Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Kumar V, Sinha AK, Uka A, Antonacci A, Scognamiglio V, Mazzaracchio V, Cinti S, Arduini F. Multi-potential biomarkers for seafood quality assessment: Global wide implication for human health monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liu ZH, Huang YC, Kuo CY, Kuo CY, Chin CY, Yip PK, Chen JP. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Loaded Polylactic Acid Core-Shell Nanofiber Membranes for Regenerative Medicine after Spinal Cord Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197031. [PMID: 32987768 PMCID: PMC7583922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with disability and a drastic decrease in quality of life for affected individuals. Previous studies support the idea that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-based pharmacological approach is a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of acute SCI. We postulated that a nanostructured material for controlled delivery of DHA at the lesion site may be well suited for this purpose. Toward this end, we prepare drug-loaded fibrous mats made of core-shell nanofibers by electrospinning, which contained a polylactic acid (PLA) shell for encapsulation of DHA within the core, for delivery of DHA in situ. In vitro study confirmed sustained DHA release from PLA/DHA core-shell nanofiber membrane (CSNM) for up to 36 days, which could significantly increase neurite outgrowth from primary cortical neurons in 3 days. This is supported by the upregulation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) neural marker genes from qRT-PCR analysis. Most importantly, the sustained release of DHA could significantly increase the neurite outgrowth length from cortical neuron cells in 7 days when co-cultured with PLA/DHA CSNM, compared with cells cultured with 3 μM DHA. From in vivo study with a SCI model created in rats, implantation of PLA/DHA CSNM could significantly improve neurological functions revealed by behavior assessment in comparison with the control (no treatment) and the PLA CSNM groups. According to histological analysis, PLA/DHA CSNM also effectively reduced neuron loss and increased serotonergic nerve sprouting. Taken together, the PLA/DHA CSNM may provide a nanostructured drug delivery system for DHA and contribute to neuroprotection and promoting neuroplasticity change following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Ying Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext. 5298)
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Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Ketogenic Diet to Attenuate Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4961-4977. [PMID: 32820459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and chronic neurodegenerative disorder that interferes with memory, thinking, and behavior. The consumption of dietary fat has been considered a vital factor for AD as this disease is related to blood-brain barrier function and cholesterol signaling. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a primary genetic risk factor that encodes one of many proteins accountable for the transport of cholesterol and it is deemed as the leading cholesterol transport proteins in the brain. In case of AD development, the causative factor is the high level of serum/plasma cholesterol. However, this statement is arguable and, in the meantime, the levels of brain cholesterol in individuals with AD are extremely inconstant and levels of cholesterol in the brain and serum/plasma of AD individuals do not reflect cholesterol as a risk factor. In fact, APOE4 is neither fundamental nor sufficient for the advancement of AD; it just acts as a synergistic and increases the danger of AD. Another noticeable characteristic of AD is area-specific decreases in the metabolism of brain glucose. It has been found that the brain cells cannot efficiently metabolize fats; hence, they totally rely upon glucose as a vitality substrate. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism can possess an intense effect on brain actions. Hypometabolism is frequently found in AD and has quite recently achieved impressive consideration as a plausible target for interfering in the progression of the disease. One promising approach is to keep up the normal supply of glucose to the brain with ketone bodies from the ketogenic diet signifies a potential therapeutic agent for AD. Therefore, this review represents the role of ketogenic diets to combat AD pathogenesis by considering the influence of APOE.
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Singh H, Thakur S, Sahajpal NS, Singh H, Singh A, Sohal HS, Jain SK. Recent Advances in the Novel Formulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Effective Delivery, Associated Challenges and Its Clinical Importance. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:483-504. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, and a fundamental structural component of the phospholipid membranes, especially of neural and retinal cells. DHA is found to be critical for the normal development and functioning of neurons and synaptogenesis in the brain, and is required during pre- and post-natal stages of life. DHA has also been observed to exhibit neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, geographical dietary variations and poor economic conditions lead to insufficient DHA levels resulting in various health deficits like improper brain development, cognitive disorders, and other clinical complications. Thus, to prevent its deficiency-induced derangements, several authorities recommend DHA as a supplement during pregnancy, infancy, and throughout adulthood. In past decades, the soft gelatin capsule was only feasible resolute of DHA, but due to their limitations and invention of new technologies; it led to the development of new dosage forms with improved physicochemical characteristics of DHA. This article will discuss in detail about the role of DHA in brain development, microalgae oil as an emerging source of DHA, clinical- and pharmacological-activities of DHA, issues related to DHA oil, current formulation of DHA along with their application, limitations, and strategies used for improvement and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
| | - Harminder Singh Sohal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143105, Punjab, India
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Roy J, Larroquet L, Surget A, Lanuque A, Sandres F, Terrier F, Corraze G, Chung-Yung Lee J, Skiba-Cassy S. Impact on cerebral function in rainbow trout fed with plant based omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched with DHA and EPA. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:409-420. [PMID: 32473359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and modulation of cerebral function by ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment in plant based-diet were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss). We hypothesized that ω-3 LC-PUFAs are involved in the regulation of cerebral function in fish. During nine weeks, we examined the growth performance of rainbow trout for three experimental plant based-diets containing distinct levels of EPA and DHA. Using RT-qPCR, we assessed mRNA genes related to feeding behavior regulated by the central nervous system of humans, rodents and fish. These include markers of neuropeptides, indicators of cellular specification, animal stress, oxidant status, cytokines and genes regulating animal behaviour. ω-3 LC-PUFAs enrichment decreased daily food intake and induced a simultaneous mRNA expression increase in orexigenic transcript npy peptide and a decrease in anorexigen transcript pomcA peptide in the hypothalamus. Overall transcript genes related to proinflammatory cytokines, inflammation, antioxidant status, cortisol pathway, serotoninergic pathways and dopaminergic pathways were down-regulated in the juveniles fed the high ω-3 LC-PUFAs diet. However, the mRNA expression of transcripts related to cell specification were down regulated, namely tmem119 markers of microglial cell in forebrain and midbrain, gfap markers of astrocyte in the midbrain, and rbfox3 markers of neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain in juveniles fed high ω-3 experimental diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that a diet rich in ω-3 LC-PUFAs affected a relatively high proportion of the brain function in juvenile rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anthony Lanuque
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Franck Sandres
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Frederic Terrier
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Zhang E, Wan X, Yang L, Wang D, Chen Z, Chen Y, Liu M, Zhang G, Wu J, Han H, Fan Z. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alleviate Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating the Glymphatic Pathway in Mice. Front Neurol 2020; 11:707. [PMID: 32765412 PMCID: PMC7380115 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The glymphatic pathway has been shown to be impaired in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Omega-3 polysaturated fatty acids (Omega-3, PUFAs) are involved in the clearance of amyloid-ß through the glymphatic system and this effect is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) dependent. We hypothesize that Omega-3 PUFAs can alleviate neurological impairment in TBI by protecting the glymphatic pathway. Methods: We pretreated mice with Omega-3 PUFAs rich fish oil and introduced TBI in the mice. Neurological functions were assessed through the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) system and Rota-rod test. Aß42 levels and radioisotope clearance were examined to determine the function of glymphatic system. AQP4 protein and mRNA expressions and its polarity were examined in fish oil treated TBI mice or control mice. Finally, the integrity of blood-brain barrier was determined by Evans blue extravasation and measurement of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) levels. Results: TBI surgery induced significant neurological functional impairment, Omega-3 PUFAs attenuated TBI-induced neurological impairment, as evidenced by reduced mNSS, improved performance in the Rota-rod test. Furthermore, Omega-3 PUFAs improved glymphatic clearance after induction of TBI in mice, reduced Aß42 accumulation, partially restored the clearance of both 3H-mannitol and 14C-Inulin. Omega-3 PUFAs also suppressed AQP4 expression and partially prevented loss of AQP4 polarity in mice undergoing TBI. Finally, Omega-3 PUFAs protected mice from TBI induced blood-brain barrier disruption. Conclusion: Omaga-3 PUFAs attenuate neurological function by partially restoring the AQP4 dependent glymphatic system in mice with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangdong Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zeshang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gengshen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haie Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Thota RN, Rosato JI, Burrows TL, Dias CB, Abbott KA, Martins RN, Garg ML. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Kinase Associated with Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Midlife Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061612. [PMID: 32486256 PMCID: PMC7352487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting kinases linked to insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation may help in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its early stages. This study aimed to determine whether DHA-rich fish oil supplementation reduces glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), which is linked to both IR and AD. Baseline and post-intervention plasma samples from 58 adults with abdominal obesity (Age: 51.7 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 31.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2) were analysed for outcome measures. Participants were allocated to 2 g DHA-rich fish oil capsules (860 mg DHA + 120 mg EPA) (n = 31) or placebo capsules (n = 27) per day for 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, DHA-rich fish oil significantly reduced GSK-3β by −2.3 ± 0.3 ng/mL. An inverse correlation (p < 0.05) was found between baseline insulin and IR and their changes following intervention only in participants with C-reactive protein levels higher than 2.4 mg/L. DHA-rich fish oil reduces GSK-3 and IR, suggesting a potential role of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) in ameliorating AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith N. Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; (R.N.T.); (J.I.R.); (C.B.D.); (K.A.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Jessica I. Rosato
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; (R.N.T.); (J.I.R.); (C.B.D.); (K.A.A.)
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; (R.N.T.); (J.I.R.); (C.B.D.); (K.A.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Kylie A. Abbott
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; (R.N.T.); (J.I.R.); (C.B.D.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; (R.N.T.); (J.I.R.); (C.B.D.); (K.A.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4921-5647
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Sáez-Orellana F, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Alzheimer's Disease, a Lipid Story: Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2020; 9:E1215. [PMID: 32422896 PMCID: PMC7290654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production are responsible for inherited AD cases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed to explain the pathogeny. Despite the fact that Aβ is considered as the main culprit of the pathology, most clinical trials focusing on Aβ failed and suggested that earlier interventions are needed to influence the course of AD. Therefore, identifying risk factors that predispose to AD is crucial. Among them, the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene that encodes the major brain lipid carrier and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes were identified as AD risk factors, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism could influence the progression of the disease. Among lipids, fatty acids (FAs) play a fundamental role in proper brain function, including memory. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master metabolic regulator that regulates the catabolism of FA. Several studies report an essential role of PPARα in neuronal function governing synaptic plasticity and cognition. In this review, we explore the implication of lipid metabolism in AD, with a special focus on PPARα and its potential role in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Effects of an Omega-3 and Vitamin D Supplement on Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Serum Levels in Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trials in Healthy and Crohn's Disease Populations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041139. [PMID: 32325778 PMCID: PMC7230517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two trials separately measured the bioavailability and impact on inflammation of a supplement taken daily containing 510 mg Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 344 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1000 IU of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D), for healthy and Crohn’s disease (CD) populations. Both trials were double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled with cross-over. Participants were randomly allocated to groups A (placebo then supplement) or B (supplement then placebo). Both included a washout. Fatty acid (N-3 PUFAs) and vitamin D serum levels, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and stool calprotectin were measured before and after each treatment period. Outcome measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models, including terms for treatment, period, and a treatment-by-period interaction. The supplement significantly increased serum levels in healthy and CD groups for EPA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), Docosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.001 and 0.005), DHA (p < 0.001 and 0.006), the omega-3 index (p < 0.001 and 0.001), and (vitamin D (p < 0.001 and 0.027). CRP and calprotectin measures showed no evidence of a treatment effect on inflammation; however, model estimation was imprecise for both outcomes, hence further research is required to elucidate potential inflammation effects. The nutrient supplement increased serum levels of key N-3 PUFAs and vitamin D in both populations, showing the preparation was readily bioavailable.
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Maladie de Parkinson, nutrition et micronutrition. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kokubun K, Nemoto K, Yamakawa Y. Fish Intake May Affect Brain Structure and Improve Cognitive Ability in Healthy People. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:76. [PMID: 32265686 PMCID: PMC7103640 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages worldwide, the prevalence of cognitive disorders including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasing. MCI appears in 10–20% of adults aged 65 years and older and is generally referred to as an intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia. To develop timely prevention and early treatment strategies by identifying biological factors, we investigated the relationship between dietary consumption of fish, brain structure, and MCI in cognitively normal subjects. The brain structure was assessed using neuroimaging-derived measures including the “gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ)” and “fractional-anisotropy brain healthcare quotient (FA-BHQ),” which are approved as the international standard (H.861.1) by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector. Dietary consumption of fish was calculated using the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), and MCI was assessed using the Memory Performance Index (MPI) of MCI screening method (MCI Screen). This study showed that fish intake was positively associated with both FA-BHQ and MPI, and FA-BHQ was more strongly associated with MPI than fish intake. Our findings are in line with those in previous studies, but our study further indicates that the condition of the whole brain integrity measured by the FA-BHQ may mediate the relationship between fish intake and MCI prevention in healthy people. In other words, FA-BHQ may be used to identify people at high risk of MCI to provide the appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Office for Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,NTT Data Institute of Management Consulting, Inc., Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
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Ji H, Song N, Ren J, Li W, Zhang L, Xu B, Li H, Shen G, Li H. Systems Toxicology Approaches Reveal the Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Diosbulbin B in Male Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1389-1402. [PMID: 32148032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diosbulbin B (DIOB) is an effective component of air potato yam with antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, and it is the main toxic component leading to hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to systematically elucidate the molecular action of DIOB on liver metabolic function through systems toxicology approaches. C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with DIOB (10, 30, 60 mg/kg) for 28 days, and the liver metabonomics and histopathology, molecular docking, mRNA expression levels, and activities of enzymes were analyzed. The results illustrated that DIOB could affect fatty acid and glucose metabolism, block the TCA cycle, and DIOB also could disorder bile acid synthesis and transport and promote the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia. In addition, DIOB increased Cyp3a11 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, these results provide new insights into the mechanism of hepatotoxicity caused by DIOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Ji
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Naining Song
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Pneumology Department, The Rocket Army General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Asia Regenerative Medicine Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoliang Xu
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Haishan Li
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Shen
- Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Song P, Kuryatov A, Axelsen PH. Biosynthesis of uniformly carbon isotope-labeled docosahexaenoic acid in Crypthecodinium cohnii. AMB Express 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 32162160 PMCID: PMC7065296 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched in brain can yield many important degradation products after the attack of hydroxyl radicals, which is known to serve as a nutraceutical and neuroprotective effects. Oxidative stress is a commonly observed feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, uniformly radiolabeled DHA plays an important role in studying the oxidative fate of DHA in vivo and vitro. However, carbon isotope labeled DHA isn't commercially available now. The heterotrophic microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii (C. cohnii) has been identified as a prolific producer of DHA. In this study, the growth rate and DHA production in C. cohnii were optimized in a new defined media, and the biosynthesis of U-13C-DHA from U-13C-glucose and U-14C-DHA from U-14C-glucose were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Approximately 40 nmoles of U-13C-DHA with higher isotopic purity of 96.8% was produced in a 300 μL batch, and ~ 0.23 μCi of U-14C-DHA with significant specific activity of 5-6 Ci/mol was produced in a 300 μL batch. It was found that C. cohnii had the optimal growth and DHA accumulation at 25 °C in this defined media (C/N = 10). An efficient protocol for the biosynthesis of U-13C-DHA and U-14C-DHA were set up firstly, which provides the basic support for the analysis of oxidative degradation products of DHA in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Song
- School of Biological Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Alexander Kuryatov
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul H Axelsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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El Fari R, Abbaoui A, Bourziq A, Zroudi M, Draoui A, El Khiat A, Belkouch M, Elgot A, Gamrani H. Neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid against sub-acute manganese intoxication induced dopaminergic and motor disorders in mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gubert C, Kong G, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104621. [PMID: 31628992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an exponentially growing interest in gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis in health and disease. Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical research indicate that gut microbiota, and their associated microbiomes, may influence pathogenic processes and thus the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurological and psychiatric disorders. In fact, gut dysbiosis (microbiota dysregulation) has been associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron disease, as well as multiple sclerosis. The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by many biological variables, including environmental factors. Since the gut microbiota constitute a changeable and experience-dependent ecosystem, they provide potential therapeutic targets that can be modulated as new interventions for dysbiosis-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the evidence for environmental modulation of gut microbiota and its relevance to brain disorders, exploring in particular the implications for neurodegenerative diseases. We will focus on three major environmental factors that are known to influence the onset and progression of those diseases, namely exercise, diet and stress. Further exploration of environmental modulation, acting via both peripheral (e.g. gut microbiota and associated metabolic dysfunction or 'metabolopathy') and central (e.g. direct effects on CNS neurons and glia) mechanisms, may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as enviromimetics, for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Acute antinociceptive effect of fish oil or its major compounds, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on diabetic neuropathic pain depends on opioid system activation. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:111992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mortaz E, Moloudizargari M, Khosravi A, Asghari MH, Movassaghi M, Varahram M, Vaezi M, Redegeld FA, Garssen J. EPA and DHA have selective toxicity for PBMCs from multiple myeloma patients in a partly caspase-dependent manner. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2137-2143. [PMID: 31558292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have cytotoxic effects in both solid and non-solid tumors. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are among the most studied PUFAs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of these two fatty acids (FAs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from untreated patients (new cases) with confirmed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). Our results showed that EPA at the concentration of 100 μM and DHA at 50 and 100 μM induce potent apoptotic effects in the PBMCs of MM patients (P < 0.05) as evidenced by Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, while they have little or no effects on the PBMCs isolated from healthy donors (P > 0.05). The observed effects were concentration- and time-dependent and 72 h treatment with DHA at a concentration of 100 μM had the strongest effect (P < 0.01). CD138 + cells isolated from MM patients showed great sensitivity to EPA/DHA. EPA- and DHA-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK), indicating that cell death was at least partly dependent on caspase activation. The results of the present study showed that EPA and DHA have selective toxicities for malignant human plasma cells from MM patients, but not for mononuclear cells of healthy donors. These results warrant further studies with larger study populations to investigate the usefulness of PUFAs as a promising adjunctive therapy in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC) National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vaezi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Tsang JKW, Liu J, Lo ACY. Vascular and Neuronal Protection in the Developing Retina: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4321. [PMID: 31484463 PMCID: PMC6747312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal disease in preterm babies. To prolong the lives of preterm babies, high oxygen is provided to mimic the oxygen level in the intrauterine environment for postnatal organ development. However, hyperoxia-hypoxia induced pathological events occur when babies return to room air, leading to ROP with neuronal degeneration and vascular abnormality that affects retinal functions. With advances in neonatal intensive care, it is no longer uncommon for increased survival of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants, which, therefore, increased the incidence of ROP. ROP is now a major cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Current proven treatment for ROP is limited to invasive retinal ablation, inherently destructive to the retina. The lack of pharmacological treatment for ROP creates a great need for effective and safe therapies in these developing infants. Therefore, it is essential to identify potential therapeutic agents that may have positive ROP outcomes, especially in preserving retinal functions. This review gives an overview of various agents in their efficacy in reducing retinal damages in cell culture tests, animal experiments and clinical studies. New perspectives along the neuroprotective pathways in the developing retina are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K W Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy C Y Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Bahgat KA, Elhady M, Abdel Aziz A, Youness ER, Zakzok E. Omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cognition in children with epilepsy. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Juan J, Huang H, Jiang X, Ardisson Korat AV, Song M, Sun Q, Willett WC, Jensen MK, Kraft P. Joint effects of fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on circulating fatty acid proportions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 107:826-833. [PMID: 29722844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of multiple diseases. Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake are both established determinants of circulating PUFA proportions. Objective We explored the joint effects of FADS1 polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake on circulating PUFA proportions. Design We studied 2288 participants from a nested case-control study of coronary artery disease among participants who provided blood samples in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Dietary PUFA intake was obtained from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. FADS1 rs174546 was genotyped by using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, and circulating PUFA proportions were measured with gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between rs174546 and circulating proportions of each fatty acid. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary intake of each PUFA by rs174546 genotype in the linear regression models. Results After adjustment for sex and ancestry, each copy of the C allele of rs174546 was associated with higher circulating proportions of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower proportions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The magnitude of positive association between higher consumption of dietary EPA or DHA and circulating proportions of EPA increased with each copy of the rs174546_T allele (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). Each 1-SD increment in EPA intake was associated with an average 3.7% increase in circulating EPA proportions among participants with the rs174546_CC genotype and an average 7.8% increase among participants with the TT genotype. Conclusions Carriers of the T allele at FADS1 rs174546 may need higher doses of dietary EPA and DHA to achieve the same circulating proportions of EPA as carriers of the C allele. The implications of these findings on disease risk and dietary guidelines require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Zhang TT, Xu J, Wang YM, Xue CH. Health benefits of dietary marine DHA/EPA-enriched glycerophospholipids. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Al-Shar'i NA, Al-Balas QA. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adenosine Receptors: Advances, Applications and Trends. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:783-816. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190304123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
:
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are transmembrane proteins that belong to the G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) superfamily and mediate the biological functions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes are known,
namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 that exhibit different signaling pathways, tissue localization, and mechanisms of
activation. Moreover, the widespread ARs and their implication in numerous physiological and pathophysiological
conditions had made them pivotal therapeutic targets for developing clinically effective agents.
:
The crystallographic success in identifying the 3D crystal structures of A2A and A1 ARs has dramatically enriched
our understanding of their structural and functional properties such as ligand binding and signal transduction.
This, in turn, has provided a structural basis for a larger contribution of computational methods, particularly molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations, toward further investigation of their molecular properties and designing
bioactive ligands with therapeutic potential. MD simulation has been proved to be an invaluable tool in investigating
ARs and providing answers to some critical questions. For example, MD has been applied in studying ARs
in terms of ligand-receptor interactions, molecular recognition, allosteric modulations, dimerization, and mechanisms
of activation, collectively aiding in the design of subtype selective ligands.
:
In this review, we focused on the advances and different applications of MD simulations utilized to study the
structural and functional aspects of ARs that can foster the structure-based design of drug candidates. In addition,
relevant literature was briefly discussed which establishes a starting point for future advances in the field of drug
discovery to this pivotal group of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar A. Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay A. Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Chen N, Guo J, Kanaya S, Lange KM, Li S. Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Cui Y, Han J, Ren J, Chen H, Xu B, Song N, Li H, Liang A, Shen G. Untargeted LC-MS-based metabonomics revealed that aristolochic acid I induces testicular toxicity by inhibiting amino acids metabolism, glucose metabolism, β-oxidation of fatty acids and the TCA cycle in male mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 373:26-38. [PMID: 31009690 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the main toxic component of aristolochic acid, aristolochic acid I (AAI) is primarily found in Aristolochiaceae plants such as Aristolochia, Aristolochia fangchi and Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis. AAI has been proven to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic. Although the role of AAI in testicular toxicity has been reported, its mechanism of action is unknown. Using metabonomics and molecular biology techniques, we tried to identify the differential endogenous metabolites of AAI that may affect the changes in testicular function in mice, map the network of metabolic pathways, and systematically reveal the molecular mechanism of AAI-induced testicular toxicity. We found that AAI inhibited amino acid metabolism in mouse testicular cells, impeded the uptake and oxidative decomposition of fatty acids, prevented normal glucose uptake by testicular cells, which inhibited glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, affected the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which impaired the ATP energy supply, decreased the number of spermatogenic cells and sperm in the testes, induced changes in the mitochondrial state of spermatogonial cells, and ultimately led to physiological and pathological changes in the testes. AAI also regulated the testicular physiological activity by regulating the androgen receptor and hormone levels. This study used metabonomics and other methods to elucidate the mechanism of AAI-induced testicular toxicity from a new angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ren
- The Rocket Army General Hospital of the PLA, Pneumology Department, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Baoliang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Naining Song
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Haishan Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guolin Shen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Chemicals Safety, Beijing, China.
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