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Sheridan MS, Pandey P, Hansmann UHE. In Bacterial Membranes Lipid II Changes the Stability of Pores Formed by the Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4741-4750. [PMID: 38696215 PMCID: PMC11104519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to available antibiotics poses a growing challenge to modern medicine, as this often disallows infections to be controlled. This problem can only be alleviated by the development of new drugs. Nisin, a natural lantibiotic with broad antimicrobial activity, has shown promise as a potential candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, nisin is poorly soluble and barely stable at physiological pH, which despite attempts to address these issues through mutant design has restricted its use as an antibacterial drug. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the antimicrobial effectiveness, which relies in part on its ability to form pores, is crucial for finding innovative ways to manage infections caused by resistant bacteria. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bacterial membrane-specific lipid II increases the stability of pores formed by nisin and that the interplay of nisin and lipid II reduces the overall integrity of bacterial membranes by changing the local thickness and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda S. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Preeti Pandey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ulrich H. E. Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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2
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Wang X, Xu Y, Martin NI, Breukink E. The enigmatic mode of action of the lantibiotic epilancin 15X. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184282. [PMID: 38218577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Epilancin 15X is a lantibiotic that has an antimicrobial activity in the nanomolar concentration range towards Staphylococcus simulans. Such low MICs usually imply that these peptides employ a mechanism of action (MoA) involving high affinity targets. Here we studied this MoA by using epilancin 15X's ability to dissipate the membrane potential of intact S. simulans cells. These membrane depolarization assays showed that treatment of the bacteria by antibiotics known to affect the bacterial cell wall synthesis pathway decreased the membrane depolarization effects of epilancin 15X. Disruption of the Lipid II cycle in intact bacteria using several methods led to a decrease in the activity of epilancin 15X. Antagonism-based experiments on 96-well plate and agar diffusion plate pointed towards a possible interaction between epilancin 15X and Lipid II and this was confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) based experiments. However, this interaction did not lead to a detectable effect on either carboxyfluorescein (CF) leakage or proton permeability. All experiments point to the involvement of a phosphodiester-containing target within a polyisoprene-based biosynthesis pathway, yet the exact identity of the target remains obscure so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiotechnology Research of China, the Zhejiang Gongshang University of China, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang P, Gao Q, Li X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Jiang J, Gao Y, Huang J, Qin Z. Machine learning and genetic algorithm-guided directed evolution for the development of antimicrobial peptides. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00078-X. [PMID: 38431124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are valuable alternatives to traditional antibiotics, possess a variety of potent biological activities and exhibit immunomodulatory effects that alleviate difficult-to-treat infections. Clarifying the structure-activity relationships of AMPs can direct the synthesis of desirable peptide therapeutics. OBJECTIVES In this study, the lipopolysaccharide-binding domain (LBD) was identified through machine learning-guided directed evolution, which acts as a functional domain of the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor family of AMPs identified from Marsupenaeus japonicus. METHODS LBDA-D was identified as an output of this algorithm, in which the original LBDMj sequence was the input, and the three-dimensional solution structure of LBDB was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, our study involved a comprehensive series of experiments, including morphological studies and in vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests. RESULTS The NMR solution structure showed that LBDB possesses a circular extended structure with a disulfide crosslink at the terminus and two 310-helices and exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that LBDB induced the formation of a cluster of bacteria wrapped in a flexible coating that ruptured and consequently killed the bacteria. Finally, coinjection of LBDB, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in vivo improved the survival of M. japonicus, demonstrating the promising therapeutic role of LBDB for treating infectious disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study pave the way for the rational drug design of activity-enhanced peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Pengtao Huang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Qiandi Gao
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yu Liu
- International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Jiakun Jiang
- Center for Statistics and Data Science, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Braun C, Wingen LM, Menche D. Strategies and tactics for the synthesis of lipid I and II and shortened analogues: functional building blocks of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1718-1734. [PMID: 37492928 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Covering: the literature up to 2022This study discusses various synthetic strategies for the synthesis of lipid II, the pivotal bacterial cell wall precursor. In detail, it examines different solution phase approaches, reviews various solid phase sequences, and evaluates enzymatic ventures. The underlying rationale, scope, limitations, and perspectives of these strategies are discussed. The focus is on the tactics and strategies towards the authentic peptidoglycan compound, as well as analogues thereof with shortened side chains, which are increasingly recognized as more beneficial surrogates with more favorable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Braun
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lukas Martin Wingen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Kumar G, Engle K. Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1608-1646. [PMID: 37326041 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi and the treatment of nonmicrobial diseases have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial wall is a complex structure consisting of the cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and various associated polymers. The enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis are established antibiotic targets and continue to be a central focus for antibiotic development. Natural products play a vital role in drug discovery and development. Importantly, natural products provide a starting point for active/lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. Notably, microorganisms and plant metabolites have contributed as antibiotics for noninfectious diseases. In this study, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the activity of the drugs or agents of natural origin that directly inhibit the bacterial membrane, membrane components, and membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins. We also discussed the unique aspects of the active mechanisms of established antibiotics or new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
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6
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Ding H, Lyu J, Zhang XL, Xiao X, Liu XW. Efficient and versatile formation of glycosidic bonds via catalytic strain-release glycosylation with glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzoate donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4010. [PMID: 37419914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic glycosylation is a vital transformation in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry due to its ability to expediate the large-scale oligosaccharide synthesis for glycobiology studies with the consumption of minimal amounts of promoters. Herein we introduce a facile and efficient catalytic glycosylation employing glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzoates (CCBz) promoted by a readily accessible and non-toxic Sc(III) catalyst system. The glycosylation reaction involves a novel activation mode of glycosyl esters driven by the ring-strain release of an intramolecularly incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC). The versatile glycosyl CCBz donor enables highly efficient construction of O-, S-, and N-glycosidic bonds under mild conditions, as exemplified by the convenient preparation of the synthetically challenging chitooligosaccharide derivatives. Of note, a gram-scale synthesis of tetrasaccharide corresponding to Lipid IV with modifiable handles is achieved using the catalytic strain-release glycosylation. These attractive features promise this donor to be the prototype for developing next generation of catalytic glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jian Lyu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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7
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Dho M, Candian V, Tedeschi R. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides: Advancements, Enhancements and New Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:952. [PMID: 37370271 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several insects are known as vectors of a wide range of animal and human pathogens causing various diseases. However, they are also a source of different substances, such as the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), which can be employed in the development of natural bioactive compounds for medical, veterinary and agricultural applications. It is well known that AMP activity, in contrast to most classical antibiotics, does not lead to the development of natural bacterial resistance, or at least the frequency of resistance is considered to be low. Therefore, there is a strong interest in assessing the efficacy of the various peptides known to date, identifying new compounds and evaluating possible solutions in order to increase their production. Moreover, implementing AMP modulation in insect rearing could preserve insect health in large-scale production. This review describes the current knowledge on insect AMPs, presenting the validated ones for the different insect orders. A brief description of their mechanism of action is reported with focus on proposed applications. The possible effects of insect diet on AMP translation and synthesis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dho
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Valentina Candian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Most bacteria have cell wall peptidoglycan surrounding their plasma membranes. The essential cell wall provides a scaffold for the envelope, protection against turgor pressure and is a proven drug target. Synthesis of the cell wall involves reactions that span cytoplasmic and periplasmic compartments. Bacteria carry out the last steps of cell wall synthesis along their plasma membrane. The plasma membrane in bacteria is heterogeneous and contains membrane compartments. Here, I outline findings that highlight the emerging notion that plasma membrane compartments and the cell wall peptidoglycan are functionally intertwined. I start by providing models of cell wall synthesis compartmentalization within the plasma membrane in mycobacteria, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. Then, I revisit literature that supports a role for the plasma membrane and its lipids in modulating enzymatic reactions that synthesize cell wall precursors. I also elaborate on what is known about bacterial lateral organization of the plasma membrane and the mechanisms by which organization is established and maintained. Finally, I discuss the implications of cell wall partitioning in bacteria and highlight how targeting plasma membrane compartmentalization serves as a way to disrupt cell wall synthesis in diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam García-Heredia
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Geng S, Zhang T, Gao J, Li X, Chitrakar B, Mao K, Sang Y. In vitro screening of synbiotics composed of Lactobacillus paracasei VL8 and various prebiotics and mechanism to inhibits the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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10
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A review of potential antibacterial activities of nisin against Listeria monocytogenes: the combined use of nisin shows more advantages than single use. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112363. [PMID: 36737951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen causing serious public health problems. Nisin is a natural antimicrobial agent produced by Lactococcus lactis and widely used in the food industry. However, the anti-L. monocytogenes efficiency of nisin might be decreased due to natural or acquired resistance of L. monocytogenes to nisin, or complexity of the food environment. The limitation of nisin as a bacteriostatic agent in food could be improved using a combination of methods. In this review, the physiochemical characteristics, species, bioengineered mutants, and antimicrobial mechanism of nisin are reviewed. Strategies of nisin combined with other antibacterial methods, including physical, chemical, and natural substances, and nanotechnology to enhance antibacterial effect are highlighted and discussed. Additionally, the antibacterial efficiency of nisin applied in real meat, dairy, and aquatic products is evaluated and analyzed. Among the various binding treatments, the combination with natural substances is more effective than the combination with physical and chemical methods. However, the combination of nisin and nanotechnology has more potential in terms of the impact on food quality.
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11
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Targeted Modification and Structure-Activity Study of GL-29, an Analogue of the Antimicrobial Peptide Palustrin-2ISb. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081048. [PMID: 36009917 PMCID: PMC9405102 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as promising antimicrobial agents due to their potent bioactivity. Palustrin-2 peptides were previously found to exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with low haemolytic activity. Therefore, GL-29 was used as a template for further modification and study. Firstly, the truncated analogue, GL-22, was designed to examine the function of the ‘Rana box’, which was confirmed to have no impact on antimicrobial activity. The results of antimicrobial activity assessment against seven microorganisms demonstrated GL-22 to have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but weak potency against Candida albicans (C. albicans). These data were similar to those of GL-29, but GL-22 showed much lower haemolysis and lower cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. Moreover, GL-22 exhibited potent in vivo activity at 4 × MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected larvae. Several short analogues, from the C-terminus and N-terminus of GL-22, were modified to identify the shortest functional motif. However, the results demonstrated that the shorter peptides did not exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, and the factors that affect the bioactive potency of these short analogues need to be further studied.
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12
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New antimicrobial peptide-antibiotic combination strategy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa inactivation. Biointerphases 2022; 17:041002. [PMID: 35922283 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobials or new treatment strategies are urgently needed to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) related infections and especially to address the problem of antibiotic resistance. We propose a novel strategy that combines the human antimicrobial peptide (AMP) LL37 with different antibiotics to find synergistic AMP-antibiotic combinations against P. aeruginosa strains in vitro. Our results showed that LL37 exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal effects against P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA103 when combined with the antibiotics vancomycin, azithromycin, polymyxin B, and colistin. In addition, LL37 caused strong outer membrane permeabilization, as demonstrated through measurement of an increased uptake of the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. The membrane permeabilization effects appear to explain why it was easier to rescue the effectiveness of the antibiotic toward the bacteria because the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa exhibits barrier function for antibiotics. Furthermore, the change in the zeta potential was measured for P. aeruginosa strains with the addition of LL37. Zeta potentials for P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA103 were -40.9 and -10.9 mV, respectively. With the addition of LL37, negative zeta potentials were gradually neutralized. We found that positively charged LL37 can interact with and neutralize the negatively charged bacterial outer membrane through electrostatic interactions, and the process of neutralization is believed to have contributed to the increase in outer membrane permeability. Finally, to further illustrate the relationship between outer membrane permeabilization and the uptake of antibiotics, we used LL37 to make the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa strains more permeable, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for several antibiotics (colistin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, and azithromycin) were measured. The MICs decreased were twofold to fourfold, in general. For example, the MICs of azithromycin and vancomycin decreased more than fourfold when against P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, which were the greatest decrease of any of the antibiotics tested in this experiment. As for PA103, the MIC of polymyxin B2 decreased fourfold, which was the strongest decrease seen for any of the antibiotics tested in this experiment. The increased uptake of antibiotics not only demonstrates the barrier role of the outer membrane but also validates the mechanism of synergistic effects that we have proposed. These results indicate the great potential of an LL37-antibiotic combination strategy and provide possible explanations for the mechanisms behind this synergy.
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13
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Apostolos AJ, Ocius KL, Koyasseril-Yehiya TM, Santamaria C, Silva JRA, Lameira J, Alves CN, Siegrist MS, Pires MM. Metabolic Processing of Selenium-Based Bioisosteres of meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in Live Bacteria. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1404-1414. [PMID: 35687722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A primary component of all known bacterial cell walls is the peptidoglycan (PG) layer, which is composed of repeating units of sugars connected to short and unusual peptides. The various steps within PG biosynthesis are targets of potent antibiotics as proper assembly of the PG is essential for cellular growth and survival. Synthetic mimics of PG have proven to be indispensable tools to study the bacterial cell structure, growth, and remodeling. Yet, a common component of PG, meso-diaminopimelic acid (m-DAP) at the third position of the stem peptide, remains challenging to access synthetically and is not commercially available. Here, we describe the synthesis and metabolic processing of a selenium-based bioisostere of m-DAP (selenolanthionine) and show that it is installed within the PG of live bacteria by the native cell wall crosslinking machinery in mycobacterial species. This PG probe has an orthogonal release mechanism that could be important for downstream proteomics studies. Finally, we describe a bead-based assay that is compatible with high-throughput screening of cell wall enzymes. We envision that this probe will supplement the current methods available for investigating PG crosslinking in m-DAP-containing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Apostolos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Karl L Ocius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Carolina Santamaria
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9298, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9298, United States
| | - José Rogério A Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Cláudio N Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9298, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9298, United States
| | - Marcos M Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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14
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Zheng Y, Du Y, Qiu Z, Liu Z, Qiao J, Li Y, Caiyin Q. Nisin Variants Generated by Protein Engineering and Their Properties. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060251. [PMID: 35735494 PMCID: PMC9219921 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nisin, a typical lantibiotic, has robust antimicrobial activity combined with limited cytotoxicity, and the development of resistance to it is slow. These properties make nisin a promising antimicrobial agent to control pathogenic microorganisms in dairy foods. However, its low solubility, poor stability and short half-life at neutral pH limit its application within the dairy industry. Protein engineering technology has revealed the potential of modifying nisin to improve its properties, and many valuable variants have emerged. This review summarizes progress in the generation of nisin variants for the dairy industry and for other purposes. These nisin variants with additional modification have improved properties and can even expand the inhibition spectrum range of nisin. Nisin, as the most thoroughly studied lantibiotic, and its variants can also guide the modification of other lantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zekai Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Discovery and Characterization of a New Crustin Antimicrobial Peptide from Amphibalanus amphitrite. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020413. [PMID: 35214145 PMCID: PMC8877177 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustins are an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family that plays an important role in innate immunity in crustaceans. It is important to discover new AMPs from natural sources to expand the current database. Here, we identified and characterized a new crustin family member, named AaCrus1, from Amphibalanus amphitrite. AaCrus1 shares high identity (48.10%) with PvCrus, a Type I crustin of Penaeus vannamei that possesses a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain. AaCrus1 contains 237 amino acids and eight cysteine residues forming conserved ‘four-disulfide core’ structure. Our recombinant AaCrus1 (rAaCrus 1) could inhibit the growth of two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. T2) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.5–28 μM. It can further induce agglutination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. rAaCrus1 can bind to bacteria and damage bacterial cell membranes. Furthermore, rAaCrus1 disrupted biofilm development of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. Our discovery and characterization of this new crustin can be further optimized as a good alternative to antibiotics.
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16
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Wingen LM, Braun C, Rausch M, Gross H, Schneider T, Menche D. Versatile synthesis of pathogen specific bacterial cell wall building blocks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15046-15069. [PMID: 35702425 PMCID: PMC9115884 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Full details on the design, strategies and tactics for development of a novel synthetic sequence to farnesyl lipid I and II analogs is reported. The modular route was based on a three coupling strategy involving an efficient solid phase synthesis of the elaborate peptide fragment, which proceeded with excellent yield and stereoselectivity and was efficiently applied for the convergent synthesis of 3-lipid I and II. Furthermore, the generality of this route was demonstrated by synthesis of 3-lipid I congeners that are characteristic for S. aureus and E. faecalis. All 3-lipid I and II building blocks were obtained in high purity revealing high spectroscopic resolution. A modular three coupling strategy involving a versatile solid phase peptide synthesis enables access to pathogen specific lipid analogs in high yield, revealing high spectroscopic resolution of these key bacterial cell wall building blocks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Martin Wingen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Braun
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Rausch
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic Bonn, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic Bonn, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Jones CR, Guaglianone G, Lai GH, Nowick JS. Isobactins: O-acyl isopeptide prodrugs of teixobactin and teixobactin derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13110-13116. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Acyl isopeptide prodrug analogues of the antibiotic teixobactin are stable and non-gelating at acidic pH but convert to the corresponding active teixobactin analogues at neutral pH, thus overcoming limitations in intravenous dosing of teixobactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gretchen Guaglianone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Grant H. Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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18
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Apostolos AJ, Ferraro NJ, Dalesandro BE, Pires MM. SaccuFlow: A High-Throughput Analysis Platform to Investigate Bacterial Cell Wall Interactions. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2483-2491. [PMID: 34291914 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cell walls are formidable barriers that protect bacterial cells against external insults and oppose internal turgor pressure. While cell wall composition is variable across species, peptidoglycan is the principal component of all cell walls. Peptidoglycan is a mesh-like scaffold composed of cross-linked strands that can be heavily decorated with anchored proteins. The biosynthesis and remodeling of peptidoglycan must be tightly regulated by cells because disruption to this biomacromolecule is lethal. This essentiality is exploited by the human innate immune system in resisting colonization and by a number of clinically relevant antibiotics that target peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Evaluation of molecules or proteins that interact with peptidoglycan can be a complicated and, typically, qualitative effort. We have developed a novel assay platform (SaccuFlow) that preserves the native structure of bacterial peptidoglycan and is compatible with high-throughput flow cytometry analysis. We show that the assay is facile and versatile as demonstrated by its compatibility with sacculi from Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and mycobacteria. Finally, we highlight the utility of this assay to assess the activity of sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus against potential antivirulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Apostolos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Noel J. Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brianna E. Dalesandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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19
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Akum FN, Kumar R, Lai G, Williams CH, Doan HK, Leveau JH. Identification of Collimonas gene loci involved in the biosynthesis of a diffusible secondary metabolite with broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant-protective properties. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1367-1384. [PMID: 33347710 PMCID: PMC8313283 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In greenhouse and field trials, a bacterial mixture of Collimonas arenae Cal35 and Bacillus velezensis FZB42, but not Cal35 alone or FZB42 alone, was able to protect tomato plants from challenge with the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol). To identify genes and mechanisms underlying this property in Cal35, we screened a random transposon insertion library for loss of function and identified two mutants that were impaired completely or partially in their ability to halt the growth of a wide range of fungal species. In mutant 46A06, the transposon insertion was located in a biosynthetic gene cluster that was predicted to code for a hybrid polyketide synthase-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, while mutant 60C09 was impacted in a gene cluster for the synthesis and secretion of sugar repeat units. Our data are consistent with a model in which both gene clusters are necessary for the production of an antifungal compound we refer to as carenaemins. We also show that the ability to produce carenaemin contributed significantly to the observed synergy between Cal35 and FZB42 in protecting tomato plants from Fol. We discuss the potential for supplementing Bacillus-based biocontrol products with Collimonas bacteria to boost efficacy of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele N. Akum
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Gary Lai
- Novozymes Inc1445 Drew AvenueDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Hung K. Doan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Johan H.J. Leveau
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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20
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Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Dental Caries. New Perspectives, Suggestions, and Patient Coaching Approach for a Cavity-Free Mouth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic therapy forms a new strategy for dental caries prevention. Probiotic microorganisms possess the ability to displace cariogenic microorganisms and colonize the oral cavity. They can produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins, bacteriocin-like peptides, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Dairy products may be ideal for probiotic administration in dental patients. Many other means have been proposed, primarily for those allergic to dairy components, such as capsules, liquid form, tablets, drops, lozenges, sweetened cakes, and ice creams. The last two forms can be used in a coaching approach for children and elderly patients who find it difficult to avoid sugary beverages in their daily routine and benefit from the suggestion of easy, cheap, and common forms of delicacies. In caries prevention, the concept of the effector strain is already considered an integral part of the contemporary caries cure or prevention strategy in adults. Adults, though, seem not to be favored as much as children at early ages by using probiotics primarily due to their oral microbiome’s stability. In this non-systematic review we describe the modes of action of probiotics, their use in the cariology field, their clinical potential, and propose options to prevent caries through a patient coaching approach for the daily dental practice.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Sun Y, Sun L. A Crustin from Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp: Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:176. [PMID: 33807037 PMCID: PMC8005205 DOI: 10.3390/md19030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustin is a type of antimicrobial peptide and plays an important role in the innate immunity of arthropods. We report here the identification and characterization of a crustin (named Crus1) from the shrimp Rimicaris sp. inhabiting the deep-sea hydrothermal vent in Manus Basin (Papua New Guinea). Crus1 shares the highest identity (51.76%) with a Type I crustin of Penaeus vannamei and possesses a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain, which contains eight cysteine residues that form the conserved 'four-disulfide core' structure. Recombinant Crus1 (rCrus1) bound to peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, and effectively killed Gram-positive bacteria in a manner that was dependent on pH, temperature, and disulfide linkage. rCrus1 induced membrane leakage and structure damage in the target bacteria, but had no effect on bacterial protoplasts. Serine substitution of each of the 8 Cys residues in the WAP domain did not affect the bacterial binding capacity but completely abolished the bactericidal activity of rCrus1. These results provide new insights into the characteristic and mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of deep sea crustins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.)
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Panina I, Krylov N, Nolde D, Efremov R, Chugunov A. Environmental and dynamic effects explain how nisin captures membrane-bound lipid II. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8821. [PMID: 32483218 PMCID: PMC7264305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics (AB) resistance is a major threat to global health, thus the development of novel AB classes is urgently needed. Lantibiotics (i.e. nisin) are natural compounds that effectively control bacterial populations, yet their clinical potential is very limited. Nisin targets membrane-embedded cell wall precursor - lipid II - via capturing its pyrophosphate group (PPi), which is unlikely to evolve, and thus represents a promising pharmaceutical target. Understanding of exact molecular mechanism of initial stages of membrane-bound lipid II recognition by water-soluble nisin is indispensable. Here, using molecular simulations, we demonstrate that the structure of lipid II is determined to a large extent by the surrounding water-lipid milieu. In contrast to the bulk solvent, in the bilayer only two conformational states remain capable of nisin binding. In these states PPi manifests a unique arrangement of hydrogen bond acceptors on the bilayer surface. Such a "pyrophosphate pharmacophore" cannot be formed by phospholipids, which explains high selectivity of nisin/lipid II recognition. Similarly, the "recognition module" of nisin, being rather flexible in water, adopts the only stable conformation in the presence of PPi analogue (which mimics the lipid II molecule). We establish the "energy of the pyrophosphate pharmacophore" approach, which effectively distinguishes nisin conformations that can form a complex with PPi. Finally, we propose a molecular model of nisin recognition module/lipid II complex in the bacterial membrane. These results will be employed for further study of lipid II targeting by antimicrobial (poly)cyclic peptides and for design of novel AB prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Panina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Nikolay Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Dmitry Nolde
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Roman Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russia. .,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow, Oblast, Russia.
| | - Anton Chugunov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow, Oblast, Russia
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23
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The Killing Mechanism of Teixobactin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an Untargeted Metabolomics Study. mSystems 2020; 5:5/3/e00077-20. [PMID: 32457238 PMCID: PMC7253363 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00077-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to the global health system. It is imperative that new anti-infective therapeutics be developed against problematic “superbugs.” The cyclic depsipeptide teixobactin holds much promise as a new class of antibiotics for highly resistant Gram-positive pathogens (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]). Understanding its molecular mechanism(s) of action could lead to the design of new compounds with a broader activity spectrum. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of teixobactin against MRSA. Our findings revealed that teixobactin significantly disorganized the bacterial cell envelope, as reflected by a profound perturbation in the bacterial membrane lipids and cell wall biosynthesis (peptidoglycan and teichoic acid). Importantly, teixobactin significantly suppressed the main intermediate d-alanyl-d-lactate involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. These novel results help explain the unique mechanism of action of teixobactin and its lack of cross-resistance with vancomycin. Antibiotics have served humankind through their use in modern medicine as effective treatments for otherwise fatal bacterial infections. Teixobactin is a first member of newly discovered natural antibiotics that was recently identified from a hitherto-unculturable soil bacterium, Eleftheria terrae, and recognized as a potent antibacterial agent against various Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The most distinctive characteristic of teixobactin as an effective antibiotic is that teixobactin resistance could not be evolved in a laboratory setting. It is purported that teixobactin’s “resistance-resistant” mechanism of action includes binding to the essential bacterial cell wall synthesis building blocks lipid II and lipid III. In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the potential metabolic pathways involved in the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of the synthetic teixobactin analogue Leu10-teixobactin against a MRSA strain, S. aureus ATCC 700699. The metabolomes of S. aureus ATCC 700699 cells 1, 3, and 6 h following treatment with Leu10-teixobactin (0.5 μg/ml, i.e., 0.5× MIC) were compared to those of the untreated controls. Leu10-teixobactin significantly perturbed bacterial membrane lipids (glycerophospholipids and fatty acids), peptidoglycan (lipid I and II) metabolism, and cell wall teichoic acid (lipid III) biosynthesis as early as after 1 h of treatment, reflecting an initial activity on the cell envelope. Concordant with its time-dependent antibacterial killing action, Leu10-teixobactin caused more perturbations in the levels of key intermediates in pathways of amino-sugar and nucleotide-sugar metabolism and their downstream peptidoglycan and teichoic acid biosynthesis at 3 and 6 h. Significant perturbations in arginine metabolism and the interrelated tricarboxylic acid cycle, histidine metabolism, pantothenate, and coenzyme A biosynthesis were also observed at 3 and 6 h. To conclude, this is the first study to provide novel metabolomics mechanistic information, which lends support to the development of teixobactin as an antibacterial drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to the global health system. It is imperative that new anti-infective therapeutics be developed against problematic “superbugs.” The cyclic depsipeptide teixobactin holds much promise as a new class of antibiotics for highly resistant Gram-positive pathogens (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]). Understanding its molecular mechanism(s) of action could lead to the design of new compounds with a broader activity spectrum. Here, we describe the first metabolomics study to investigate the killing mechanism(s) of teixobactin against MRSA. Our findings revealed that teixobactin significantly disorganized the bacterial cell envelope, as reflected by a profound perturbation in the bacterial membrane lipids and cell wall biosynthesis (peptidoglycan and teichoic acid). Importantly, teixobactin significantly suppressed the main intermediate d-alanyl-d-lactate involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. These novel results help explain the unique mechanism of action of teixobactin and its lack of cross-resistance with vancomycin.
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24
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Recent applications of mass spectrometry in bacterial lipidomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5935-5943. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Karas JA, Chen F, Schneider-Futschik EK, Kang Z, Hussein M, Swarbrick J, Hoyer D, Giltrap AM, Payne RJ, Li J, Velkov T. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of teixobactin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1459:86-105. [PMID: 31792983 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has led to the effective treatment of bacterial infections that were otherwise fatal and has had a transformative effect on modern medicine. Teixobactin is an unusual depsipeptide natural product that was recently discovered from a previously unculturable soil bacterium and found to possess potent antibacterial activity against several Gram positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. One of the key features of teixobactin as an antibiotic lead is that resistance could not be generated in a laboratory setting. This is proposed to be a result of a mechanism of action that involves binding to essential cell wall synthesis building blocks, lipid II and lipid III. Since the initial isolation report in 2015, significant efforts have been made to understand its unique mechanism of action, develop efficient synthetic routes for its production, and thus enable the generation of analogues for structure-activity relationship studies and optimization of its pharmacological properties. Our review provides a comprehensive treatise on the progress in understanding teixobactin chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of antibacterial activity. Teixobactin represents an exciting starting point for the development of new antibiotics that can be used to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial ("superbug") infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhisen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Booth S, Lewis RJ. Structural basis for the coordination of cell division with the synthesis of the bacterial cell envelope. Protein Sci 2019; 28:2042-2054. [PMID: 31495975 PMCID: PMC6863701 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are surrounded by a complex cell envelope made up of one or two membranes supplemented with a layer of peptidoglycan (PG). The envelope is responsible for the protection of bacteria against lysis in their oft-unpredictable environments and it contributes to cell integrity, morphology, signaling, nutrient/small-molecule transport, and, in the case of pathogenic bacteria, host-pathogen interactions and virulence. The cell envelope requires considerable remodeling during cell division in order to produce genetically identical progeny. Several proteinaceous machines are responsible for the homeostasis of the cell envelope and their activities must be kept coordinated in order to ensure the remodeling of the envelope is temporally and spatially regulated correctly during multiple cycles of cell division and growth. This review aims to highlight the complexity of the components of the cell envelope, but focusses specifically on the molecular apparatuses involved in the synthesis of the PG wall, and the degree of cross talk necessary between the cell division and the cell wall remodeling machineries to coordinate PG remodeling during division. The current understanding of many of the proteins discussed here has relied on structural studies, and this review concentrates particularly on this structural work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Booth
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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27
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Salvador-Castell M, Tourte M, Oger PM. In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4434. [PMID: 31505830 PMCID: PMC6770870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane regulators such as sterols and hopanoids play a major role in the physiological and physicochemical adaptation of the different plasmic membranes in Eukarya and Bacteria. They are key to the functionalization and the spatialization of the membrane, and therefore indispensable for the cell cycle. No archaeon has been found to be able to synthesize sterols or hopanoids to date. They also lack homologs of the genes responsible for the synthesis of these membrane regulators. Due to their divergent membrane lipid composition, the question whether archaea require membrane regulators, and if so, what is their nature, remains open. In this review, we review evidence for the existence of membrane regulators in Archaea, and propose tentative location and biological functions. It is likely that no membrane regulator is shared by all archaea, but that they may use different polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, polyprenols, quinones and apolar polyisoprenoids, in response to specific stressors or physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salvador-Castell
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maxime Tourte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe M Oger
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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28
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Malin JJ, de Leeuw E. Therapeutic compounds targeting Lipid II for antibacterial purposes. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2613-2625. [PMID: 31692545 PMCID: PMC6711568 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s215070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against commonly used antibiotics has emerged in all bacterial pathogens. In fact, there is no antibiotic currently in clinical use against which resistance has not been reported. In particular, rapidly increasing urbanization in developing nations are sites of major concern. Additionally, the widespread practice by physicians to prescribe antibiotics in cases of viral infections puts selective pressure on antibiotics that still remain effective and it will only be a matter of time before resistance develops on a large scale. The biosynthesis pathway of the bacterial cell wall is well studied and a validated target for the development of antibacterial agents. Cell wall biosynthesis involves two major processes; 1) the biosynthesis of cell wall teichoic acids and 2) the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. Key molecules in these pathways, including enzymes and precursor molecules are attractive targets for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this review, we will focus on the major class of natural antibacterial compounds that target the peptidoglycan precursor molecule Lipid II; namely the glycopeptides, including the novel generation of lipoglycopeptides. We will discuss their mechanism-of-action and clinical applications. Further, we will briefly discuss additional peptides that target Lipid II such as the lantibiotic nisin and defensins. We will highlight recent developments and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob J Malin
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erik de Leeuw
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry of the University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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29
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Torres MD, Sothiselvam S, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Peptide Design Principles for Antimicrobial Applications. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3547-3567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Godoy-Santos F, Pitts B, Stewart PS, Mantovani HC. Nisin penetration and efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under continuous-flow conditions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:761-771. [PMID: 31088602 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms may enhance the tolerance of bacterial pathogens to disinfectants, biocides and other stressors by restricting the penetration of antimicrobials into the matrix-enclosed cell aggregates, which contributes to the recalcitrance of biofilm-associated infections. In this work, we performed real-time monitoring of the penetration of nisin into the interior of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under continuous flow and compared the efficacy of this lantibiotic against planktonic and sessile cells of S. aureus. Biofilms were grown in Center for Disease Control (CDC) reactors and the spatial and temporal effects of nisin action on S. aureus cells were monitored by real-time confocal microscopy. Under continuous flow, nisin caused loss of membrane integrity of sessile cells and reached the bottom of the biofilms within ~20 min of exposure. Viability analysis using propidium iodide staining indicated that nisin was bactericidal against S. aureus biofilm cells. Time-kill assays showed that S. aureus viability reduced 6.71 and 1.64 log c.f.u. ml-1 for homogenized planktonic cells in exponential and stationary phase, respectively. For the homogenized and intact S. aureus CDC biofilms, mean viability decreased 1.25 and 0.50 log c.f.u. ml-1, respectively. Our results demonstrate the kinetics of biofilm killing by nisin under continuous-flow conditions, and shows that alterations in the physiology of S. aureus cells contribute to variations in sensitivity to the lantibiotic. The approach developed here could be useful to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of other bacteriocins either independently or in combination with other antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Godoy-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betsey Pitts
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Hilario C Mantovani
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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31
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Pharmacological, Toxicological, and Dose Range Assessment of OG716, a Novel Lantibiotic for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile-Associated Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01904-18. [PMID: 30670434 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01904-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics present an attractive scaffold for the development of novel antibiotics. We report here a novel lantibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. The lead compounds were selected from a library of over 700 single- and multiple-substitution variants of the lantibiotic mutacin 1140 (MU1140). The best performers in vitro and in vivo were further used to challenge Golden Syrian hamsters orally in a Golden Syrian hamster model of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in a dose-response format, resulting in the selection of OG716 as the lead compound. This lantibiotic was characterized by a 50% effective dose of 23.85 mg/kg of body weight/day (10.97 μmol/kg/day) in this model. Upon oral administration of the maximum feasible dose (≥1,918 mg/kg/day), no observable toxicities or side effects were noted, and no effect on intestinal motility was observed. Compartmentalization to the gastrointestinal tract was confirmed. MU1140-derived variants offer a large pipeline for the development of novel antibiotics for the treatment of several indications and are particularly attractive considering their novel mechanism of action. Based on the currently available data, OG716 has an acceptable profile for further development for the treatment of CDAD.
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32
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Panina IS, Chugunov AO, Efremov RG. Lipid II as a Target for Novel Antibiotics: Structural and Molecular Dynamics Studies. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Pokhrel R, Bhattarai N, Baral P, Gerstman BS, Park JH, Handfield M, Chapagain PP. Molecular mechanisms of pore formation and membrane disruption by the antimicrobial lantibiotic peptide Mutacin 1140. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12530-12539. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistance is a major concern to global human health and identification of novel antibiotics is critical to mitigate the threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha Bhattarai
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Prabin Baral
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Bernard S. Gerstman
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute
| | | | | | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Department of Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute
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34
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Torres MDT, Pedron CN, Higashikuni Y, Kramer RM, Cardoso MH, Oshiro KGN, Franco OL, Silva Junior PI, Silva FD, Oliveira Junior VX, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Structure-function-guided exploration of the antimicrobial peptide polybia-CP identifies activity determinants and generates synthetic therapeutic candidates. Commun Biol 2018; 1:221. [PMID: 30534613 PMCID: PMC6286318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute promising alternatives to classical antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant infections, which are a rapidly emerging global health challenge. However, our understanding of the structure-function relationships of AMPs is limited, and we are just beginning to rationally engineer peptides in order to develop them as therapeutics. Here, we leverage a physicochemical-guided peptide design strategy to identify specific functional hotspots in the wasp-derived AMP polybia-CP and turn this toxic peptide into a viable antimicrobial. Helical fraction, hydrophobicity, and hydrophobic moment are identified as key structural and physicochemical determinants of antimicrobial activity, utilized in combination with rational engineering to generate synthetic AMPs with therapeutic activity in a mouse model. We demonstrate that, by tuning these physicochemical parameters, it is possible to design nontoxic synthetic peptides with enhanced sub-micromolar antimicrobial potency in vitro and anti-infective activity in vivo. We present a physicochemical-guided rational design strategy to generate peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210580 Brazil
| | - Cibele N. Pedron
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210580 Brazil
| | - Yasutomi Higashikuni
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Robin M. Kramer
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70297400 Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966700 Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010 Brazil
| | - Karen G. N. Oshiro
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010 Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70297400 Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 71966700 Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010 Brazil
| | - Pedro I. Silva Junior
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503900 Brazil
| | - Fernanda D. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210580 Brazil
| | - Vani X. Oliveira Junior
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210580 Brazil
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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35
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Castelani L, Arcaro JRP, Braga JEP, Bosso AS, Moura Q, Esposito F, Sauter IP, Cortez M, Lincopan N. Short communication: Activity of nisin, lipid bilayer fragments and cationic nisin-lipid nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:678-683. [PMID: 30415844 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococci are the main etiological agents of bovine mastitis. Bacteriocins and nanoparticles have emerged as promising alternatives for the future development of antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the activity of the bacteriocin nisin and bicelles of the synthetic cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide, alone and in combination, against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from bovine mastitis. In summary, cationic nisin/dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide nanoparticles are shown to be a promising alternative for the control of mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Castelani
- Institute of Animal Science, Dairy Cattle Center, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil 13380-011; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900.
| | - J R P Arcaro
- Institute of Animal Science, Dairy Cattle Center, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil 13380-011
| | - J E P Braga
- Institute of Animal Science, Dairy Cattle Center, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil 13380-011
| | - A S Bosso
- Institute of Animal Science, Dairy Cattle Center, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil 13380-011
| | - Q Moura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900
| | - F Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900
| | - I P Sauter
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900
| | - M Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900
| | - N Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900; Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-900.
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36
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Yang H, Wierzbicki M, Du Bois DR, Nowick JS. X-ray Crystallographic Structure of a Teixobactin Derivative Reveals Amyloid-like Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14028-14032. [PMID: 30296063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the X-ray crystallographic structure of a derivative of the antibiotic teixobactin and shows that its supramolecular assembly through the formation of antiparallel β-sheets creates binding sites for oxyanions. An active derivative of teixobactin containing lysine in place of allo-enduracididine assembles to form amyloid-like fibrils, which are observed through a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and by transmission electron microscopy. A homologue, bearing an N-methyl substituent, to attenuate fibril formation, and an iodine atom, to facilitate X-ray crystallographic phase determination, crystallizes as double helices of β-sheets that bind sulfate anions. β-Sheet dimers are key subunits of these assemblies, with the N-terminal methylammonium group of one monomer and the C-terminal macrocycle of the other monomer binding each anion. These observations suggest a working model for the mechanism of action of teixobactin, in which the antibiotic assembles and the assemblies bind lipid II and related bacterial cell wall precursors on the surface of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Michał Wierzbicki
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Derek R Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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37
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Kers JA, Sharp RE, Muley S, Mayo M, Colbeck J, Zhu Y, DeFusco AW, Park JH, Handfield M. Blueprints for the rational design of therapeutic mutacin 1140 variants. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1940-1953. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan A. Kers
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - R. Eryl Sharp
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Sheela Muley
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Melissa Mayo
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Jeffrey Colbeck
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
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38
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OG716: Designing a fit-for-purpose lantibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197467. [PMID: 29894469 PMCID: PMC5997364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics continue to offer an untapped pipeline for the development of novel antibiotics. We report here the discovery of a novel lantibiotic for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI). The leads were selected from a library of over 300 multiple substitution variants of the lantibiotic Mutacin 1140 (MU1140). Top performers were selected based on testing for superior potency, solubility, manufacturability, and physicochemical and/or metabolic stability in biologically-relevant systems. The best performers in vitro were further evaluated orally in the Golden Syrian hamster model of CDAD. In vivo testing ultimately identified OG716 as the lead compound, which conferred 100% survival and no relapse at 3 weeks post infection. MU1140-derived variants are particularly attractive for further clinical development considering their novel mechanism of action.
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39
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Kers JA, Sharp RE, Defusco AW, Park JH, Xu J, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ, Handfield M. Mutacin 1140 Lantibiotic Variants Are Efficacious Against Clostridium difficile Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:415. [PMID: 29615987 PMCID: PMC5864910 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics offer an untapped pipeline for the development of novel antibiotics to treat serious Gram-positive (+) infections including Clostridium difficile. Mutacin 1140 (MU1140) is a lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus mutans and acts via a novel mechanism of action, which may limit the development of resistance. This study sought to identify a lead compound for the treatment of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD). Compounds were selected from a saturation mutagenesis library of 418 single amino acid variants of MU1140. Compounds were produced by small scale fermentation, purified, characterized and then subjected to a panel of assays aimed at identifying the best performers. The screening assays included: in vitro susceptibility testing [MIC against Micrococcus luteus, Clostridium difficile, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium phlei, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; cytotoxicity screening on HepG2 hepatocytes; in vitro pharmacological profiling with the Safety Screen 44TM, metabolic and chemical stability in biologically relevant fluids (FaSSGF, FaSSIF and serum); and efficacy in vivo]. Several lantibiotic compounds had better MIC against C. difficile, compared to vancomycin, but not against other bacterial species tested. The Safety Screen 44TMin vitro pharmacological profiling assay suggested that this class of compounds has relatively low overall toxicity and that compound OG253 (MU1140, Phe1Ile) is not likely to present inadvertent off-target effects, as evidenced by a low promiscuity score. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay also indicated that this class of compounds was characterized by low toxicity; the EC50 of OG253 was 636 mg/mL on HepG2 cells. The half-life in simulated gastric fluid was >240 min. for all compound tested. The stability in simulated intestinal fluid ranged between a half-life of 5 min to >240 min, and paralleled the half-life in serum. OG253 ultimately emerged as the lead compound based on superior in vivo efficacy along with an apparent lack of relapse in a hamster model of infection. The lessons learned from this report are applicable to therapeutic lanthipeptides in general and may assist in the design of novel molecules with improved pharmacological, therapeutic and physicochemical profiles. The data presented also support the continued clinical development of OG253 as a novel antibiotic against CDAD that could prevent recurrence of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A Kers
- Industrial Products Division, Intrexon Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert E Sharp
- Industrial Products Division, Intrexon Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Jae H Park
- Oragenics, Inc., Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Mark E Pulse
- PreClinical Services, UNT System College of Pharmacy, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - William J Weiss
- PreClinical Services, UNT System College of Pharmacy, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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40
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Arora D, Chawla Y, Malakar B, Singh A, Nandicoori VK. The transpeptidase PbpA and noncanonical transglycosylase RodA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis play important roles in regulating bacterial cell lengths. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29530985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a complex structure that protects the pathogen in hostile environments. Peptidoglycan (PG), which helps determine the morphology of the cell envelope, undergoes substantial remodeling under stress. This meshwork of linear chains of sugars, cross-linked through attached peptides, is generated through the sequential action of enzymes termed transglycosylases and transpeptidases. The Mtb genome encodes two classical transglycosylases and four transpeptidases, the functions of which are not fully elucidated. Here, we present work on the yet uncharacterized transpeptidase PbpA and a nonclassical transglycosylase RodA. We elucidate their roles in regulating in vitro growth and in vivo survival of pathogenic mycobacteria. We find that RodA and PbpA are required for regulating cell length, but do not affect mycobacterial growth. Biochemical analyses show PbpA to be a classical transpeptidase, whereas RodA is identified to be a member of an emerging class of noncanonical transglycosylases. Phosphorylation of RodA at Thr-463 modulates its biological function. In a guinea pig infection model, RodA and PbpA are found to be required for both bacterial survival and formation of granuloma structures, thus underscoring the importance of these proteins in mediating mycobacterial virulence in the host. Our results emphasize the fact that whereas redundant enzymes probably compensate for the absence of RodA or PbpA during in vitro growth, the two proteins play critical roles for the survival of the pathogen inside its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India and
| | - Yogesh Chawla
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India and
| | - Basanti Malakar
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India and
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Nandicoori
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India and
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41
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Direct observation of the influence of cardiolipin and antibiotics on lipid II binding to MurJ. Nat Chem 2018; 10:363-371. [PMID: 29461535 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of lipid II across the cytoplasmic membrane is essential in peptidoglycan biogenesis. Although most steps are understood, identifying the lipid II flippase has yielded conflicting results, and the lipid II binding properties of two candidate flippases-MurJ and FtsW-remain largely unknown. Here we apply native mass spectrometry to both proteins and characterize lipid II binding. We observed lower levels of lipid II binding to FtsW compared to MurJ, consistent with MurJ having a higher affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of MurJ suggests that mutations at A29 and D269 attenuate lipid II binding to MurJ, whereas chemical modification of A29 eliminates binding. The antibiotic ramoplanin dissociates lipid II from MurJ, whereas vancomycin binds to form a stable complex with MurJ:lipid II. Furthermore, we reveal cardiolipins associate with MurJ but not FtsW, and exogenous cardiolipins reduce lipid II binding to MurJ. These observations provide insights into determinants of lipid II binding to MurJ and suggest roles for endogenous lipids in regulating substrate binding.
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42
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Chan-Park MB, Mu Y. Binding Modes of Teixobactin to Lipid II: Molecular Dynamics Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17197. [PMID: 29222455 PMCID: PMC5722933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin (TXB) is a newly discovered antibiotic targeting the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II (LII). In the present work, four binding modes of TXB on LII were identified by a contact-map based clustering method. The highly flexible binary complex ensemble was generated by parallel tempering metadynamics simulation in a well-tempered ensemble (PTMetaD-WTE). In agreement with experimental findings, the pyrophosphate group and the attached first sugar subunit of LII are found to be the minimal motif for stable TXB binding. Three of the four binding modes involve the ring structure of TXB and have relatively higher binding affinities, indicating the importance of the ring motif of TXB in LII recognition. TXB-LII complexes with a ratio of 2:1 are also predicted with configurations such that the ring motif of two TXB molecules bound to the pyrophosphate-MurNAc moiety and the glutamic acid residue of one LII, respectively. Our findings disclose that the ring motif of TXB is critical to LII binding and novel antibiotics can be designed based on its mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yaxin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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43
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Klahn P, Brönstrup M. Bifunctional antimicrobial conjugates and hybrid antimicrobials. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:832-885. [PMID: 28530279 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2016Novel antimicrobial drugs are continuously needed to counteract bacterial resistance development. An innovative molecular design strategy for novel antibiotic drugs is based on the hybridization of an antibiotic with a second functional entity. Such conjugates can be grouped into two major categories. In the first category (antimicrobial hybrids), both functional elements of the hybrid exert antimicrobial activity. Due to the dual targeting, resistance development can be significantly impaired, the pharmacokinetic properties can be superior compared to combination therapies with the single antibiotics, and the antibacterial potency is often enhanced in a synergistic manner. In the second category (antimicrobial conjugates), one functional moiety controls the accumulation of the other part of the conjugate, e.g. by mediating an active transport into the bacterial cell or blocking the efflux. This approach is mostly applied to translocate compounds across the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria through membrane-embedded transporters (e.g. siderophore transporters) that provide nutrition and signalling compounds to the cell. Such 'Trojan Horse' approaches can expand the antibacterial activity of compounds against Gram-negative pathogens, or offer new options for natural products that could not be developed as standalone antibiotics, e.g. due to their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klahn
- Department for Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. and Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - M Brönstrup
- Department for Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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44
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Kuk ACY, Mashalidis EH, Lee SY. Crystal structure of the MOP flippase MurJ in an inward-facing conformation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 24:171-176. [PMID: 28024149 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) protects bacteria from osmotic lysis, and its biogenesis is a key antibiotic target. A central step in PG biosynthesis is flipping of the lipid-linked PG precursor lipid II across the cytoplasmic membrane for subsequent incorporation into PG. MurJ, part of the multidrug/oligosaccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide (MOP) transporter superfamily, was recently shown to carry out this process. However, understanding of how MurJ flips lipid II, and of how MOP transporters operate in general, remains limited due to a lack of structural information. Here we present a crystal structure of MurJ from Thermosipho africanus in an inward-facing conformation at 2.0-Å resolution. A hydrophobic groove is formed by two C-terminal transmembrane helices, which leads into a large central cavity that is mostly cationic. Our studies not only provide the first structural glimpse of MurJ but also suggest that alternating access is important for MurJ function, which may be applicable to other MOP superfamily transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C Y Kuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellene H Mashalidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Arakha M, Borah SM, Saleem M, Jha AN, Jha S. Interfacial assembly at silver nanoparticle enhances the antibacterial efficacy of nisin. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:434-445. [PMID: 27845185 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a well-recognised antimicrobial peptide (AMP) used in food industry. However, efficacy of the peptide has been compromised due to development of resistance in different bacterial strains. Here, efficacy of the peptide upon assembly at a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) interface has been characterized. To this end, experimental and simulation studies are done to characterize the interfacial assembly of nisin and underlie antibacterial mechanism. Being an AMP, efficacy of an intact nisin is explored against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and compared with antibacterial propensity of the interfacially assembled nisin. Antibacterial propensity, upon the assembly, increases against both kinds of bacteria. Interestingly, the growth inhibition studies of the interfacially assembled nisin indicate that the originally nisin resistant Gram-negative bacteria become sensitive to the nanomolar nisin concentrations. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements together with confocal microscopy imaging indicate that the increase in interfacial and intracellular ROS production upon the treatment is underling mechanism of enhanced antibacterial propensity of the assembled nisin. Thus, the study observed that the interfacial assembly of nisin at AgNP interface enhances the efficacy of nisin against different spectrum of bacteria, where the intact nisin is largely ineffective for the studied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Arakha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sapna M Borah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Anupam N Jha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Suman Jha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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46
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Möhler JS, Kolmar T, Synnatschke K, Hergert M, Wilson LA, Ramu S, Elliott AG, Blaskovich MAT, Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL, Schenk G, Cooper MA, Ziora ZM. Enhancement of antibiotic-activity through complexation with metal ions - Combined ITC, NMR, enzymatic and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 167:134-141. [PMID: 27984786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative solutions need to be developed to overcome the growing problem of multi-drug resistant bacteria. This study explored the possibility of creating complexes of antibiotics with metal ions, thereby increasing their activity. Analytical techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to examine the structure and interactions between Cu(II), Ag(I) or Zn(II) and β-lactam antibiotics. The metal-β-lactam complexes were also tested for antimicrobial activity, by micro-broth dilution and disk diffusion methods, showing a synergistic increase in the activity of the drugs, and enzymatic inhibition assays confirming inhibition of β-lactamases responsible for resistance. The metal-antibiotic complex concept was proven to be successful with the activity of the drugs enhanced against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The highest synergistic effects were observed for complexes formed with Ag(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Möhler
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kevin Synnatschke
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Marcel Hergert
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Liam A Wilson
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Soumya Ramu
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Hanna E Sidjabat
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
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47
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Krivorotova T, Staneviciene R, Luksa J, Serviene E, Sereikaite J. Impact of pectin esterification on the antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded pectin particles. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:245-251. [PMID: 27792287 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between pectin structure and the antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded pectin particles was examined. The antimicrobial activity of five different nisin-loaded pectin particles, i.e., nisin-loaded high methoxyl pectin, low methoxyl pectin, pectic acid, dodecyl pectin with 5.4 and 25% degree of substitution were tested in the pH range of 4.0-7.0 by agar-diffusion assay and agar plate count methods. It was found that the degree of esterification of carboxyl group of galacturonic acid in pectin molecule is important for the antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded pectin particles. Nisin-loaded particles prepared using pectic acid or the pectin with low degree of esterification exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than nisin-loaded high methoxyl pectin particles. Pectins with free carboxyl groups or of low degree of esterification are the most suitable for particles preparation. Moreover, nisin-loaded pectin particles were active at close to neutral or neutral pH values. Therefore, they could be effectively applied for food preservation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:245-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Krivorotova
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Dept. of Polymer Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramune Staneviciene
- Laboratory of Genetics, Inst. of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juliana Luksa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Inst. of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Serviene
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Genetics, Inst. of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Sereikaite
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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48
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Schaub RE, Chan YA, Lee M, Hesek D, Mobashery S, Dillard JP. Lytic transglycosylases LtgA and LtgD perform distinct roles in remodeling, recycling and releasing peptidoglycan in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:865-881. [PMID: 27608412 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases peptidoglycan (PG) fragments during infection that provoke a large inflammatory response and, in pelvic inflammatory disease, this response leads to the death and sloughing of ciliated cells of the Fallopian tube. We characterized the biochemical functions and localization of two enzymes responsible for the release of proinflammatory PG fragments. The putative lytic transglycosylases LtgA and LtgD were shown to create the 1,6-anhydromuramyl moieties, and both enzymes were able to digest a small, synthetic tetrasaccharide dipeptide PG fragment into the cognate 1,6-anhydromuramyl-containing reaction products. Degradation of tetrasaccharide PG fragments by LtgA is the first demonstration of a family 1 lytic transglycosylase exhibiting this activity. Pulse-chase experiments in gonococci demonstrated that LtgA produces a larger amount of PG fragments than LtgD, and a vast majority of these fragments are recycled. In contrast, LtgD was necessary for wild-type levels of PG precursor incorporation and produced fragments predominantly released from the cell. Additionally, super-resolution microscopy established that LtgA localizes to the septum, whereas LtgD is localized around the cell. This investigation suggests a model where LtgD produces PG monomers in such a way that these fragments are released, whereas LtgA creates fragments that are mostly taken into the cytoplasm for recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yolande A Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Dusan Hesek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Malanovic N, Lohner K. Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E59. [PMID: 27657092 PMCID: PMC5039512 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have remarkably different structures as well as biological activity profiles, whereupon most of these peptides are supposed to kill bacteria via membrane damage. In order to understand their molecular mechanism and target cell specificity for Gram-positive bacteria, it is essential to consider the architecture of their cell envelopes. Before AMPs can interact with the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, they have to traverse the cell wall composed of wall- and lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycan. While interaction of AMPs with peptidoglycan might rather facilitate penetration, interaction with anionic teichoic acids may act as either a trap for AMPs or a ladder for a route to the cytoplasmic membrane. Interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane frequently leads to lipid segregation affecting membrane domain organization, which affects membrane permeability, inhibits cell division processes or leads to delocalization of essential peripheral membrane proteins. Further, precursors of cell wall components, especially the highly conserved lipid II, are directly targeted by AMPs. Thereby, the peptides do not inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis via binding to proteins like common antibiotics, but form a complex with the precursor molecule, which in addition can promote pore formation and membrane disruption. Thus, the multifaceted mode of actions will make AMPs superior to antibiotics that act only on one specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Malanovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Austria.
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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50
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g., Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., several Lactobacillus spp.), and pathogenic (e.g., Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the "stressome" of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.
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