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Kurz M, Ulrich M, Bittner A, Scharf MM, Shao J, Wallenstein I, Lemoine H, Wettschureck N, Kolb P, Bünemann M. EP4 Receptor Conformation Sensor Suited for Ligand Screening and Imaging of Extracellular Prostaglandins. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:80-91. [PMID: 37442628 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are important lipid mediators with a wide range of functions in the human body. They act mainly via plasma membrane localized prostaglandin receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor class. Due to their localized formation and short lifetime, it is important to be able to measure the distribution and abundance of prostaglandins in time and/or space. In this study, we present a Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based conformation sensor of the human prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4 receptor), which was capable of detecting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced receptor activation in the low nanomolar range with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The sensor retained the typical selectivity for PGE2 among arachidonic acid products. Human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the sensor did not produce detectable amounts of prostaglandins making them suitable for a coculture approach allowing us, over time, to detect prostaglandin formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and primary mouse macrophages. Furthermore, the EP4 receptor sensor proved to be suited to detect experimentally generated PGE2 gradients by means of FRET-microscopy, indicating the potential to measure gradients of PGE2 within tissues. In addition to FRET-based imaging of prostanoid release, the sensor allowed not only for determination of PGE2 concentrations, but also proved to be capable of measuring ligand binding kinetics. The good signal-to-noise ratio at a commercial plate reader and the ability to directly determine ligand efficacy shows the obvious potential of this sensor interest for screening and characterization of novel ligands of the pharmacologically important human EP4 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The authors present a biosensor based on the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4, which is well suited to measure extracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration with high temporal and spatial resolution. It can be used for the imaging of PGE2 levels and gradients by means of Foerster resonance energy transfer microscopy, and for determining PGE2 release of primary cells as well as for screening purposes in a plate reader setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kurz
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Ulrich
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alwina Bittner
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdalena Martina Scharf
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Imke Wallenstein
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst Lemoine
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yokoi K, Yanagimoto K, Hayamizu K. Supplementation of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid for Pollen-Induced Allergic Symptoms in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3465. [PMID: 37571402 PMCID: PMC10421109 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in mice and cell study. To date, however, no human intervention study has examined the effects of DGLA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DGLA on pollen-induced allergic symptoms in healthy adults. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study comprising healthy Japanese men and women. Each subject received four 250 mg capsules providing 314 mg DGLA/day (DGLA group, n = 18) or olive oil (placebo group, n = 15) for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes, classification of the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms (CSARS), and the Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ) served as symptom scores during the pollen season. In the DGLA group, the cedar pollen associated symptoms of sneezing and a blocked nose in the CSARS were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Significant trends were observed the symptoms of runny nose in the CSARS and total symptom score (TSS) in the JRQLQ for cedar pollen (p < 0.1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effects of DGLA in humans, and the results suggest that DGLA is effective in reducing allergic symptoms caused by pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yokoi
- Food Function R&D Center, Nissui Corporation, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan;
| | | | - Kohsuke Hayamizu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan;
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Macrophage-Mediated Immune Responses: From Fatty Acids to Oxylipins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010152. [PMID: 35011385 PMCID: PMC8746402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have diverse functions in the pathogenesis, resolution, and repair of inflammatory processes. Elegant studies have elucidated the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of activated macrophages. However, the versatility of macrophage responses in inflammation is likely due, at least in part, to their ability to rearrange their repertoire of bioactive lipids, including fatty acids and oxylipins. This review will describe the fatty acids and oxylipins generated by macrophages and their role in type 1 and type 2 immune responses. We will highlight lipidomic studies that have shaped the current understanding of the role of lipids in macrophage polarization.
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Castor K, Dawlaty J, Arakaki X, Gross N, Woldeamanuel YW, Harrington MG, Cowan RP, Fonteh AN. Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:691733. [PMID: 34531722 PMCID: PMC8438335 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.691733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipids are a primary storage form of energy and the source of inflammatory and pain signaling molecules, yet knowledge of their importance in chronic migraine (CM) pathology is incomplete. We aim to determine if plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipid metabolism are associated with CM pathology. Methods We obtained plasma and CSF from healthy controls (CT, n = 10) or CM subjects (n = 15) diagnosed using the International Headache Society criteria. We measured unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and esterified fatty acids (EFAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipid (SP) levels were determined using LC-MS/MS, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was determined using fluorescent substrates. Results Unesterified fatty acid levels were significantly higher in CM plasma but not in CSF. Unesterified levels of five saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), eight monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), five ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and five ω-6 PUFAs are higher in CM plasma. Esterified levels of three SAFAs, eight MUFAs, five ω-3 PUFAs, and three ω-6 PUFAs, are higher in CM plasma. The ratios C20:4n-6/homo-γ-C20:3n-6 representative of delta-5-desaturases (D5D) and the elongase ratio are lower in esterified and unesterified CM plasma, respectively. In the CSF, the esterified D5D index is lower in CM. While PLA2 activity was similar, the plasma UFA to EFA ratio is higher in CM. Of all plasma GP/SPs detected, only ceramide levels are lower (p = 0.0003) in CM (0.26 ± 0.07%) compared to CT (0.48 ± 0.06%). The GP/SP proportion of platelet-activating factor (PAF) is significantly lower in CM CSF. Conclusions Plasma and CSF lipid changes are consistent with abnormal lipid metabolism in CM. Since plasma UFAs correspond to diet or adipose tissue levels, higher plasma fatty acids and UFA/EFA ratios suggest enhanced adipose lipolysis in CM. Differences in plasma and CSF desaturases and elongases suggest altered lipid metabolism in CM. A lower plasma ceramide level suggests reduced de novo synthesis or reduced sphingomyelin hydrolysis. Changes in CSF PAF suggest differences in brain lipid signaling pathways in CM. Together, this pilot study shows lipid metabolic abnormality in CM corresponding to altered energy homeostasis. We propose that controlling plasma lipolysis, desaturases, elongases, and lipid signaling pathways may relieve CM symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Castor
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Dawlaty
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noah Gross
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael G Harrington
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert P Cowan
- Pain Center, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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DGLA from the Microalga Lobosphaera Incsa P127 Modulates Inflammatory Response, Inhibits iNOS Expression and Alleviates NO Secretion in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092892. [PMID: 32971852 PMCID: PMC7551185 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as a renewable source of nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compounds. The ability to produce health-beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is of high interest. LC-PUFA and their metabolic lipid mediators, modulate key inflammatory pathways in numerous models. In particular, the metabolism of arachidonic acid under inflammatory challenge influences the immune reactivity of macrophages. However, less is known about another omega-6 LC-PUFA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities, which contrast with its delta-5 desaturase product, arachidonic acid (ARA). In this work, we examined whether administrating DGLA would modulate the inflammatory response in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. DGLA was applied for 24 h in the forms of carboxylic (free) acid, ethyl ester, and ethyl esters obtained from the DGLA-accumulating delta-5 desaturase mutant strain P127 of the green microalga Lobosphaera incisa. DGLA induced a dose-dependent increase in the RAW264.7 cells’ basal secretion of the prostaglandin PGE1. Upon bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli, the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), was affected little by DGLA, while interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased significantly. DGLA administered at 100 µM in all forms attenuated the LPS-induced expression of the key inflammatory genes in a concerted manner, in particular iNOS, IL-6, and LxR, in the form of free acid. PGE1 was the major prostaglandin detected in DGLA-supplemented culture supernatants, whose production prevailed over ARA-derived PGE2 and PGD2, which were less affected by LPS-stimulation compared with the vehicle control. An overall pattern of change indicated DGLA’s induced alleviation of the inflammatory state. Finally, our results indicate that microalgae-derived, DGLA-enriched ethyl esters (30%) exhibited similar activities to DGLA ethyl esters, strengthening the potential of this microalga as a potent source of this rare anti-inflammatory fatty acid.
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Norman JE, Aung HH, Otoki Y, Zhang Z, Taha AY, Rutledge JC. A single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipin content. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 154:102062. [PMID: 32062416 PMCID: PMC7067679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether consumption of a single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipin content. We examined the cerebrum of mice fed a single high-fat/high-sucrose Western meal or a low-fat/low-sucrose control meal, as well as fasted mice. We found no changes in fatty acid composition of cerebrum across the groups. The cerebral oxylipin profile of mice fed a Western meal is distinct from the profile of mice fed a low-fat/low-sucrose meal. Cerebral gene expression of cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 2, and epoxide hydrolase 1 were elevated in Western meal-fed mice compared to low-fat/low-sucrose meal-fed mice. Mice that consumed either meal had lower gene expression of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 12 than fasted mice. Our data in this hypothesis-generating study indicates that the composition of a single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipins and the gene expression of the enzymes responsible for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Norman
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States.
| | - H H Aung
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States
| | - Y Otoki
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States; Tohoku University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Japan
| | - Z Zhang
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States
| | - A Y Taha
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States
| | - J C Rutledge
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Hung CH, Cheng SY, Chan TM, Lee MR. Evaluating misoprostol content in pregnant women with hourly oral administration during labor induction by microElution solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1000:176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amagai Y, Oida K, Matsuda A, Jung K, Kakutani S, Tanaka T, Matsuda K, Jang H, Ahn G, Xia Y, Kawashima H, Shibata H, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis through prostaglandin D1 production in NC/Tnd mice. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:30-7. [PMID: 25907057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disorder with pruritic skin symptoms. We previously reported that dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) prevented the development of AD in NC/Tnd mice, though the mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE We attempted to investigate the mechanism of preventive effect of DGLA on AD development in NC/Tnd mice. METHODS The clinical outcomes of NC/Tnd mice that were given diets containing DGLA, arachidonic acid, or eicosapentaenoic acid were compared. Lipid mediator contents in the skin in each group were also quantified. In addition, release of lipid mediators from RBL-2H3 mast cells treated with either DGLA or prostaglandin D1 (PGD1) was measured. Furthermore, effect of PGD1 on gene expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in PAM212 keratinocyte cells was determined. RESULTS Only DGLA containing diet suppressed the development of dermatitis in vivo. By quantifying the 20-carbon fatty acid-derived eicosanoids in the skin, the application of DGLA was found to upregulate PGD1, which correlated with a better outcome in NC/Tnd mice. Moreover, we confirmed that mast cells produced PGD1 after DGLA exposure, thereby exerting a suppressive effect on immunoglobulin E-mediated degranulation. PGD1 also suppressed gene expression of TSLP in keratinocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that oral administration of DGLA causes preventive effects on AD development in NC/Tnd mice by regulating the PGD1 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Amagai
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Kakutani
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Tanaka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ginae Ahn
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Xia
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tateishi N, Kaneda Y, Kakutani S, Kawashima H, Shibata H, Morita I. Dietary supplementation with arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid content in paw, but does not affect arthritis severity or prostaglandin E2 content in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:3. [PMID: 25595700 PMCID: PMC4417218 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-14-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effects of dietary ARA on RA are unclear. Our objective was to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental rat arthritis model. METHODS Lew rats were fed three contents of ARA diet (0.07%, 0.15% or 0.32% ARA in diet (w/w)), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet (0.32% DHA), or a control diet. After 4 weeks, arthritis was induced by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the hind footpad. We observed the development of arthritis for another 4 weeks, and evaluated arthritis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in the paw, and expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation and inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with indomethacin was also evaluated. RESULTS The ARA content of phospholipids in the paw was significantly elevated with dietary ARA in a dose-dependent manner. Dietary ARA as well as DHA did not affect arthritis severity (paw edema, arthritis score, and bone erosion). PGE2 content in the paw was increased by arthritis induction, but was not modified by dietary ARA. Dietary ARA did not affect the contents of other lipid mediators and gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, lipoxgenases and inflammatory cytokines. Indomethacin suppressed arthritis severity and PGE2 content in the paw. CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA content in the paw, but has no effect on arthritis severity and PGE2 content of the paw in a rat arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Tateishi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka, 6188503, Japan. .,Department of physiology and pharmacology, School of advanced science and engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Kaneda
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka, 6188503, Japan.
| | - Saki Kakutani
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka, 6188503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka, 6188503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka, 6188503, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Morita
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tateishi N, Kakutani S, Kawashima H, Shibata H, Morita I. Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:30. [PMID: 24507383 PMCID: PMC3928921 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4). The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE2 has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA4 has an anti-inflammatory role. Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. Results ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. PGE2 contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA4 contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. ARA composition did not correlate with neither colon length nor PGE2 contents, but significantly correlated with LXA4 content. Conclusion These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA4 contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE2 content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Tateishi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka 6188503, Japan.
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PGH1, the precursor for the anti-inflammatory prostaglandins of the 1-series, is a potent activator of the pro-inflammatory receptor CRTH2/DP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33329. [PMID: 22442685 PMCID: PMC3307725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin H1 (PGH1) is the cyclo-oxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and the precursor for the 1-series of prostaglandins which are often viewed as “anti-inflammatory”. Herein we present evidence that PGH1 is a potent activator of the pro-inflammatory PGD2 receptor CRTH2, an attractive therapeutic target to treat allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Non-invasive, real time dynamic mass redistribution analysis of living human CRTH2 transfectants and Ca2+ flux studies reveal that PGH1 activates CRTH2 as PGH2, PGD2 or PGD1 do. The PGH1 precursor DGLA and the other PGH1 metabolites did not display such effect. PGH1 specifically internalizes CRTH2 in stable CRTH2 transfectants as assessed by antibody feeding assays. Physiological relevance of CRTH2 ligation by PGH1 is demonstrated in several primary human hematopoietic lineages, which endogenously express CRTH2: PGH1 mediates migration of and Ca2+ flux in Th2 lymphocytes, shape change of eosinophils, and their adhesion to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. All these effects are abrogated in the presence of the CRTH2 specific antagonist TM30089. Together, our results identify PGH1 as an important lipid intermediate and novel CRTH2 agonist which may trigger CRTH2 activation in vivo in the absence of functional prostaglandin D synthase.
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Iyú D, Jüttner M, Glenn JR, White AE, Johnson AJ, Fox SC, Heptinstall S. PGE1 and PGE2 modify platelet function through different prostanoid receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 94:9-16. [PMID: 21095237 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that the overall effects of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) on human platelet function are the consequence of a balance between promotory effects of PGE(2) acting at the EP3 receptor and inhibitory effects acting at the EP4 receptor, with no role for the IP receptor. Another prostaglandin that has been reported to affect platelet function is prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)), however the receptors that mediate its actions on platelet function have not been fully defined. Here we have used measurements of platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression induced by the thromboxane A(2) mimetic U46619 to compare the effects of PGE(1) and PGE(2) on platelet function. Their effects on vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation, as a marker of cAMP, were also determined. We also investigated the ability of the selective prostanoid receptor antagonists CAY10441 (IP antagonist), DG-041 (EP3 antagonist) and ONO-AE3-208 (EP4 antagonist) to modify the effects of the prostaglandins on platelet function. The results obtained confirm that PGE(2) interacts with EP3 and EP4 receptors, but not IP receptors. In contrast PGE(1) interacts with EP3 and IP receptors, but not EP4 receptors. In both cases the overall effects on platelet function reflect the balance between promotory and inhibitory effects at receptors that have opposite effects on adenylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Iyú
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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