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Bretones ML, Sampaio SC, Barbeiro DF, Ariga SKK, Soriano FG, Lima TMD. Crotoxin modulates inflammation and macrophages' functions in a murine sepsis model. Toxicon 2022; 216:132-138. [PMID: 35850256 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome of physiological and biochemical abnormalities induced by an infection that represents a major public health concern. It involves the early activation of inflammatory responses. Crotoxin (CTX), the major toxin of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, presents longstanding anti-inflammatory properties. Since immune system modulation may be a strategic target in sepsis management, and macrophages' functional and secretory activities are related to the disease's progression, we evaluated the effects of CTX on macrophages from septic animals. Balb/c male mice submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with CTX (0.9 μg/animal, subcutaneously) 1 h after the procedure and euthanized after 6 h. We used plasma samples to quantify circulating cytokines and eicosanoids. Bone marrow differentiated macrophages (BMDM) were used to evaluate the CTX effect on macrophages' functions. Our data show that CTX administration increased the survival rate of the animals from 40% to 80%. Septic mice presented lower plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α after CTX treatment, and higher concentrations of LXA4, PGE2, and IL-1β. No effect was observed in IL-10, IFN-γ, and RD1 concentrations. BMDM from septic mice treated with CTX presented decreased capacity of E. coli phagocytosis, but sustained NO and H2O2 production. We also observed higher IL-6 concentration in the culture medium of BMDM from septic mice, and CTX induced a significant reduction. CTX treatment increased IL-10 production by macrophages as well. Our data show that the protective effect of CTX in sepsis mortality involves modulation of macrophage functions and inflammatory mediators' production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Langeani Bretones
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Frediani Barbeiro
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely K Kubo Ariga
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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TAKENOUCHI S, KOBAYASHI Y, SHINOZAKI T, KOBAYASHI K, NAKAMURA T, YONEZAWA T, MURATA T. The urinary lipid profile in cats with idiopathic cystitis. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:689-693. [PMID: 35387958 PMCID: PMC9177401 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) distresses of many cats, its pathogenesis is unknown and the diagnosis is challenging. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are metabolized into various lipid mediators. Lipid mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs) modulate inflammation and many of them are excreted into the urine. Thus, the investigation of the urinary lipid profile may reveal pathogenesis and help diagnosis of FIC. We collected urine samples from five FIC cats by spontaneous urination and analyzed 158 types of lipid mediators in urines using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urinary levels of PUFAs were higher in FIC compared to those of the healthy group. The excretions of a major inflammatory mediator, PGD2, were less in FIC. Other well-known inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, PGI2, and their metabolites did not show a difference. In contrast, the levels of PGF2α and its 2 metabolites and PGF3α were higher in FIC. These results may provide new insights into the future management of cat FIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya TAKENOUCHI
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui KOBAYASHI
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji KOBAYASHI
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro NAKAMURA
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro YONEZAWA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa MURATA
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Galvão I, Melo EM, de Oliveira VLS, Vago JP, Queiroz-Junior C, de Gaetano M, Brennan E, Gahan K, Guiry PJ, Godson C, Teixeira MM. Therapeutic potential of the FPR2/ALX agonist AT-01-KG in the resolution of articular inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105445. [PMID: 33493655 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process, characterized by the biosynthesis of pro-resolving mediators, including the lipid Lipoxin A4 (LXA4). LXA4 acts on the N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) to mediate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. In order to exploit the therapeutic potential of endogenous LXA4 in the context of inflammation we have recently developed synthetic LXA4 mimetics (sLXms) including a dimethyl-imidazole-containing FPR2/ALX agonist designated AT-01-KG. Here, we have investigated the effect of treatment with AT-01-KG in established models of articular inflammation. In a model of gout, mice were injected with MSU crystals and treated with AT-01-KG at the peak of inflammatory response. The treatment decreased the number of neutrophils in the knee exudate, an effect which was accompanied by low levels of myeloperoxidase, CXCL1 and IL-1β in periarticular tissue. AT-01-KG treatment led to reduced tissue damage and hypernociception. The effects of AT-01-KG on neutrophil accumulation were not observed in MSU treated FPR2/3-/-mice. Importantly, AT-01-KG induced resolution of articular inflammation by increasing neutrophil apoptosis and subsequent efficient efferocytosis. In a model of antigen-induced arthritis, AT-01-KG treatment also attenuated inflammatory responses. These data suggest that AT-01-KG may be a potential new therapy for neutrophilic inflammation of the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eliza M Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian L S de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Vago
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Gahan
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Morales P, Ezquer M, Olivares B, Santapau D, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. N-Acetylcysteine and Acetylsalicylic Acid Inhibit Alcohol Consumption by Different Mechanisms: Combined Protection. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:122. [PMID: 32848653 PMCID: PMC7412547 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intake results in brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which have been postulated to perpetuate alcohol intake and to induce alcohol relapse. The present study assessed the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of: (i) oxidative stress; (ii) neuroinflammation; and (iii) ethanol intake that follow the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to animals that had consumed ethanol chronically. At doses used clinically, NAC [40 mg/kg per day orally (p.o.)] and ASA (15 mg/kg per day p.o.) significantly inhibited chronic alcohol intake and relapse intake in alcohol-preferring rats. The coadministration of both drugs reduced ethanol intake by 65% to 70%. N-acetylcysteine administration: (a) induced the Nrf2-ARE system, lowering the hippocampal oxidative stress assessed as the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH); (b) reduced the neuroinflammation assessed by astrocyte and microglial activation by immunofluorescence; and (c) inhibited chronic and relapse ethanol intake. These effects were blocked by sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the xCT transporter, which incorporates cystine (precursor of GSH) and extrudes extracellular glutamate, an agonist of the inhibitory mGlu2/3 receptor, which lowers the synaptic glutamatergic tone. The inhibitor of mGlu2/3 receptor (LY341495) blocked the NAC-induced inhibition of both relapse ethanol intake and neuroinflammation without affecting the GSSG/GSH ratio. Unlike N-acetylcysteine, ASA inhibited chronic alcohol intake and relapse via lipoxin A4, a strong anti-inflammatory metabolite of arachidonic acid generated following the ASA acetylation of cyclooxygenases. Accordingly, the lipoxin A4 receptor inhibitor, WRW4, blocked the ASA-induced reduction of ethanol intake. Overall, via different mechanisms, NAC and ASA administered in clinically relevant doses combine their effects inhibiting ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belen Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lin XY, Gao LL, Wu M, Zhao T, Shen DL. [Protective effect of early intervention with lipoxin A4 on septic mice]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:601-606. [PMID: 31208517 PMCID: PMC7389568 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of early intervention with lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on septic mice. METHODS Healthy male Balb/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into sham-operation group, sepsis group, 1-hour intervention group (intervention at 1 hour after sepsis), and 6-hour intervention group (intervention at 6 hours after sepsis) (n=8 each). A sepsis model was prepared by cecal ligation and puncture. The intervention groups received LXA4 at 0.01 μg/g body weight 1 or 6 hours after the model was established. Blood was taken from eyeballs at 24 hours after operation. Peritoneal lavage fluid and liver and lung tissue samples were collected. The bacterial colonies of whole blood and peritoneal lavage fluid were counted by dilution plating. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined by cytometric bead array. The serum level of high mobility group box-1 (HGMB1) was determined using ELISA. The percentages of macrophages and neutrophils in peritoneal lavage fluid were determined by flow cytometry. Paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed for the liver and lung tissue samples to observe pathological damage. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operation group, the sepsis group had a significantly decreased percentage of macrophages and a significantly increased percentage of neutrophils in peritoneal lavage fluid (P<0.05), as well as significantly increased serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and HMGB1 (P<0.05); in addition, the sepsis group showed more vacuolar degeneration, hepatocyte swelling, and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue, and more capillary congestion, pulmonary septal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and partial tissue destruction in lung tissue. Compared with the sepsis group, the 1-hour and 6-hour intervention groups had a significantly increased percentage of macrophages in peritoneal lavage fluid (P<0.05) and significantly reduced bacterial load in whole blood (P<0.05), serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and HMGB1 (P<0.05), and degree of liver and lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration, but there was no significant difference in the percentage of neutrophils and bacterial load in peritoneal lavage fluid (P>0.05). Compared with the 6-hour intervention group, the 1-hour intervention group had a significantly decreased serum level of HMGB1 (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in other indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early intervention with LXA4 may attenuate liver and lung injuries in septic mice, which may be explained by the decrease in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and HMGB1, and it also may reduce the bacterial dissemination in the whole blood of septic mice, which may be explained by the increase in the percentage of peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yun Lin
- The Generate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China.
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6
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Wu M, Feng Z, Liao J, Zhou H, Wang J. Dynamic changes and clinical significance of LXA 4 in the perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3169-3173. [PMID: 30936990 PMCID: PMC6434242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in child patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), in the perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied. Peripheral blood was collected from 16 child patients (CPB group) before operation (Tc), after operation (T0), at 1 day after operation (T1), at 3 days after operation (T3), and at 7 days after operation (T7); and from 17 children with no CHD (control group). The level of LXA4 in peripheral blood was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical data of the child patients were collected. The white blood cell (WBC) count, the proportion of neutrophils (N%) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were also detected, followed by statistical analysis. The plasma LXA4 levels in CPB group at Tc were significantly lower compared to that in the control group (P<0.01). In CPB group, the level of LXA4 showed an increasing trend at T0, WBC and hs-CRP were transiently increased at T0 and increased most significantly at T1. N% was obviously increased at T0 compared to that at Tc and was still significantly higher at T7 compared to that at Tc. The CPB time and aortic clamping time were positively correlated with the time in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), the application time of ventilator, and the hs-CRP level at T0. The LXA4 level at each time-point had no correlation with other indexes. In conclusion, the inflammatory response after CPB increases the synthesis of LXA4 with an anti-inflammatory effect, but LXA4 cannot be used as a sensitive index for monitoring inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Zongtai Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Liao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
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7
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Dalli J. Does promoting resolution instead of inhibiting inflammation represent the new paradigm in treating infections? Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:12-20. [PMID: 28365269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections arise when the host response is overwhelmed by pathogens leading to organ dysfunction. In some instances patients progress to more severe conditions, including septic shock, that are associated with increased mortality. Current strategies in treating infections aim at either blocking inflammation using inhibitors to pro-inflammatory molecules and/or inhibiting bacterial growth using antibiotics. These approaches find their origins in studies conducted by Joseph Lister who demonstrated that applying carbolic acid to wounds promoted wound healing without suppuration, reducing both the necessity of amputation and mortality. While this approach is still applicable to certain infections, inhibition of the immune response is also associated with increased mortality, especially in septic patients. In many instances sepsis survivors succumb later to persistent, recurrent, nosocomial and secondary infections. This, together with a rise in resistance to many frontline antibiotics, has prompted a search for alternative ways to treat infections. Recent studies investigating processes engaged by the host response during self-resolving infections identified a novel group of mediators, termed as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These molecules, produced via the enzymatic conversion of essential fatty acids, actively reprogram the immune response to promote clearance of invading pathogens, and counter-regulate the production of inflammation-initiating molecules. Furthermore, recent studies also demonstrate that these mediators promote tissue repair and regeneration, essential processes in the re-establishment of barrier and prevention of re-infection. The scope of the present review is to discuss the evidence underpinning the endogenous protective roles of these novel mediators, as well as the evidence demonstrating that dysregulation in their production and actions contribute to disease pathogenesis in infections. This review will also discuss the potential of resolution pharmacology-based approaches in developing new therapeutics for combatting infections that do not interfere with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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Das UN. Combination of aspirin with essential fatty acids is superior to aspirin alone to prevent or ameliorate sepsis or ARDS. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:206. [PMID: 27887602 PMCID: PMC5124295 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that aspirin may be of benefit in treating sepsis and ARDS in view of its ability to block cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 activities; inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); enhance the production of endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Our previous studies revealed that plasma phospholipid content of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is low in patients with sepsis. This implies that beneficial actions of aspirin in sepsis and ARDS is unlikely to be obtained in view of deficiency of AA and EPA, the precursors of LXA4 and resolvins respectively that are potent anti-inflammatory compounds and enhancers of eNO generation. In view of this, I propose that a combination of aspirin and AA and EPA (and possibly, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) is likely to be superior in the management of sepsis and ARDS compared to aspirin alone. This suggestion is supported by the recent observation that trauma patients with uncomplicated recoveries had higher resolvin pathway gene expression and lower gene expression ratios of leukotriene: resolvin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA. .,BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India.
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9
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Cheng Q, Wang Z, Ma R, Chen Y, Yan Y, Miao S, Jiao J, Cheng X, Kong L, Ye D. Lipoxin A4 protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis by promoting innate response activator B cells generation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:229-235. [PMID: 27494686 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious disease that leads to severe inflammation, dysregulation of immune system, multi-organ failure and death. Innate response activator (IRA) B cells, which produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), protect against microbial sepsis. Lipid mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) exerts anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects, and it has been reported that LXA4 receptor ALX/FPR2 is expressed on B cells. Here, we investigated the potential role of LXA4 on IRA B cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. We found that LXA4 significantly promoted the expansion of splenic IRA B cells and increased GM-CSF expression in splenic B cells with LPS stimulation. After splenectomy, LXA4 treatment did not change the serum or peritoneal IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in LPS-induced sepsis. LXA4 accelerated the migration of peritoneal B cells to spleen for their differentiation into IRA B cells, whereas this effect was independent of peritoneal macrophage. Furthermore, LXA4 enhanced the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in splenic B cells. These results suggest that LXA4 protects against LPS-induced sepsis by promoting the generation and migration of splenic IRA B cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to STAT5 activation. It might provide new insights and therapeutic approaches for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongtao Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuo Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingyu Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Wu B, Capilato J, Pham MP, Walker J, Spur B, Rodriguez A, Perez LJ, Yin K. Lipoxin A4 augments host defense in sepsis and reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence through quorum sensing inhibition. FASEB J 2016; 30:2400-10. [PMID: 26965685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500029r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections can quickly turn into sepsis, with its attendant clinical sequelae of inflammation, tissue injury, and organ failure. Paradoxically, sustained inflammation in sepsis may lead to immune suppression, because of which the host is unable to clear the existing infection. Use of agents that suppress the inflammatory response may accelerate host immune suppression, whereas use of traditional antibiotics does not significantly affect inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a specialized, proresolution lipid mediator, could increase neutrophil phagocytic activity as well as reduce bacterial virulence. Using the mouse cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, the administration of LXA4 (7 μg/kg i.v.) 1 h after surgery increased neutrophil phagocytic ability and Fcγ receptor I (CD64) expression. Ex vivo studies have confirmed that the direct addition of LXA4 to CLP neutrophils increased phagocytic ability but not CD64 expression. LXA4 did not affect neutrophils taken from control mice in which CD64 expression was minimal. Taken together with in vivo data, these results suggest that LXA4 directly augments CD64-mediated neutrophil phagocytic ability but does not directly increase neutrophil CD64 expression. Bacterial communication and virulence is regulated by quorum sensing inducers. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, virulence is induced with release of various virulence factors, by N-3-oxododecanolyl homoserine lactone binding to the quorum sensing receptor, LasR. We show that LXA4 is an inhibitor of LasR in P. aeruginosa and that it decreases the release of pyocyanin exotoxin. These results suggest that LXA4 has the novel dual properties of increasing host defense and decreasing pathogen virulence by inhibiting quorum sensing.-Wu, B., Capilato, J., Pham, M. P., Walker, J., Spur, B., Rodriguez, A., Perez, L. J., Yin, K. Lipoxin A4 augments host defense in sepsis and reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence through quorum sensing inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; and
| | - Joseph Capilato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michelle P Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jean Walker
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; and
| | - Bernd Spur
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; and
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; and
| | - Lark J Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kingsley Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; and
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Croasdell A, Lacy SH, Thatcher TH, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvin D1 Dampens Pulmonary Inflammation and Promotes Clearance of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2742-52. [PMID: 26843331 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In mice, NTHi is rapidly cleared, but a strong inflammatory response persists, underscoring the concept that NTHi induces dysregulation of normal inflammatory responses and causes a failure to resolve. Lipid-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by both suppressing proinflammatory actions and promoting resolution pathways. Importantly, SPMs lack the immunosuppressive properties of classical anti-inflammatory therapies. On the basis of these characteristics, we hypothesized that aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) would dampen NTHi-induced inflammation while still enhancing bacterial clearance. C57BL/6 mice were treated with AT-RvD1 and infected with live NTHi. AT-RvD1-treated mice had lower total cell counts and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and had earlier influx of macrophages. In addition, AT-RvD1-treated mice showed changes in temporal regulation of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, with decreased KC at 6 h and decreased IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression at 24 h post infection. Despite reduced inflammation, AT-RvD1-treated mice had reduced NTHi bacterial load, mediated by enhanced clearance by macrophages and a skewing toward an M2 phenotype. Finally, AT-RvD1 protected NTHi-infected mice from weight loss, hypothermia, hypoxemia, and respiratory compromise. This research highlights the beneficial role of SPMs in pulmonary bacterial infections and provides the groundwork for further investigation into SPMs as alternatives to immunosuppressive therapies like steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Shannon H Lacy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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Lipoxin Inhibits Fungal Uptake by Macrophages and Reduces the Severity of Acute Pulmonary Infection Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:852574. [PMID: 26635449 PMCID: PMC4618125 DOI: 10.1155/2015/852574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and lipoxins (LXs) are lipid mediators that control inflammation, with the former inducing and the latter inhibiting this process. Because the role played by these mediators in paracoccidioidomycosis was not investigated, we aimed to characterize the role of CysLT in the pulmonary infection developed by resistant (A/J) and susceptible (B10.A) mice. 48 h after infection, elevated levels of pulmonary LTC4 and LXA4 were produced by both mouse strains, but higher levels were found in the lungs of susceptible mice. Blocking the CysLTs receptor by MTL reduced fungal loads in B10.A, but not in A/J mice. In susceptible mice, MLT treatment led to reduced influx of PMN leukocytes, increased recruitment of monocytes, predominant synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and augmented expression of 5- and 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, suggesting a prevalent LXA4 activity. In agreement, MTL-treated macrophages showed reduced fungal burdens associated with decreased ingestion of fungal cells. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous LX reduced, and the specific blockade of the LX receptor increased the fungal loads of B10.A macrophages. This study showed for the first time that inhibition of CysLTs signaling results in less severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis that occurs in parallel with elevated LX activity and reduced infection of macrophages.
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Wu B, Walker J, Spur B, Rodriguez A, Yin K. Effects of Lipoxin A4 on antimicrobial actions of neutrophils in sepsis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 94:55-64. [PMID: 25476955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In sepsis, hyperactivation of neutrophils can lead to tissue injury. Later, neutrophil dysregulation with reduced levels of migration, decreased apoptosis and inadequate phagocytosis may impair the host׳s ability to clear infection. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a pro-resolution lipid mediator which reduces neutrophil migration and inflammatory mediator expression. As neutrophil migration and activation are important in bacterial clearance, the role of LXA4 in regulating neutrophil function for bacterial clearance is unclear. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model of sepsis, LXA4 given after 1h reduced blood bacterial load at 24h. LXA4 treatment decreased neutrophil migration to the peritoneum but augmented blood neutrophil phagocytic ability and promoted apoptosis without affecting free radical production. In contrast, LXA4 increased peritoneal neutrophil phagocytic ability without affecting apoptosis or free radical production suggesting that in vivo effects of LXA4 were compartment specific. To investigate if LXA4 acted directly on neutrophils, blood and peritoneal leukocytes were taken from CLP rats 1h after surgery and incubated ex vivo with and without LXA4. LXA4 (1nM) increased phagocytosis in blood neutrophils without affecting apoptosis or free radical production. Ex vivo LXA4 had no effect on peritoneal neutrophils which suggests that LXA4 enhanced peritoneal neutrophil phagocytic ability in vivo by an indirect mechanism. The results suggest that LXA4 reduced neutrophil migration, but increased neutrophil bacteria clearing function without excessive free radical production. This phenotype was associated with reduced blood bacteria load.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University - SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - J Walker
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University - SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - B Spur
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University - SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - A Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University - SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - K Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University - SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA.
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Tender mediation in a ruthless environment: can lipoxins provide lifesaving modifications to fatally deregulated immunoinflammatory responses in sepsis?*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:1012-4. [PMID: 24633114 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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