1
|
Li L, Chen J, Wang Z, Xu Y, Yao H, Lei W, Zhou X, Zheng M. NECA alleviates inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy through dendritic cell toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415004. [PMID: 38895119 PMCID: PMC11182989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the impact of 5'-(N- ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, those with diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and C57BL/6 mice, both in vivo and in vitro. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effects of NECA on dendritic cells (DCs) and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the effects of NECA-treated DCs on Treg and Th17 cells. The effect of NECA on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in DCs was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB). Results FCM and ELISA showed that NECA inhibited the expression of surface markers of DCs and BMDCs, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. PCR and WB showed that NCEA decreased mRNA transcription and protein expression in the TLR-4-MyD88-NF-kβ pathway in DCs and BMDCs. The DR severity in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice was alleviated. NECA-treated DCs and BMDCs were co-cultivated with CD4+T cells, resulting in modulation of Treg and Th17 differentiation, along with cytokine secretion alterations. Conclusion NECA could impair DCs' ability to present antigens and mitigate the inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the severity of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiyuan Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xiyuan Zhou, ; Minming Zheng,
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ehlen QT, Mirsky NA, Slavin BV, Parra M, Nayak VV, Cronstein B, Witek L, Coelho PG. Translational Experimental Basis of Indirect Adenosine Receptor Agonist Stimulation for Bone Regeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6104. [PMID: 38892291 PMCID: PMC11172580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge, often necessitating surgical approaches when healing bone defects and fracture nonunions. Within this context, the modulation of adenosine signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic option, encouraging osteoblast activation and tempering osteoclast differentiation. A literature review of the PubMed database with relevant keywords was conducted. The search criteria involved in vitro or in vivo models, with clear methodological descriptions. Only studies that included the use of indirect adenosine agonists, looking at the effects of bone regeneration, were considered relevant according to the eligibility criteria. A total of 29 articles were identified which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were reviewed to highlight the preclinical translation of adenosine agonists. While preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of adenosine signaling in bone regeneration, its clinical application remains unrealized, underscoring the need for further clinical trials. To date, only large, preclinical animal models using indirect adenosine agonists have been successful in stimulating bone regeneration. The adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) stimulate various pathways, inducing different cellular responses. Specifically, indirect adenosine agonists act to increase the extracellular concentration of adenosine, subsequently agonizing the respective adenosine receptors. The agonism of each receptor is dependent on its expression on the cell surface, the extracellular concentration of adenosine, and its affinity for adenosine. This comprehensive review analyzed the multitude of indirect agonists currently being studied preclinically for bone regeneration, discussing the mechanisms of each agonist, their cellular responses in vitro, and their effects on bone formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Ehlen
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Blaire V. Slavin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcelo Parra
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Comprehensive Adult Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Lei X, Mahnke K. Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5810. [PMID: 38891997 PMCID: PMC11172165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases highlight inflammation as a central driver of skin pathologies, involving a multiplicity of mediators and cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Adenosine, a ubiquitous endogenous immune modulator, generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acts via four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Given the widespread expression of those receptors and their regulatory effects on multiple immune signaling pathways, targeting adenosine receptors emerges as a compelling strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention. Animal models of psoriasis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and other dermatitis have elucidated the involvement of adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Targeting adenosine receptors is effective in attenuating inflammation and remodeling the epidermal structure, potentially showing synergistic effects with fewer adverse effects when combined with conventional therapies. What is noteworthy are the promising outcomes observed with A2A agonists in animal models and ongoing clinical trials investigating A3 agonists, underscoring a potential therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghaffari K, Dousti Kataj P, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Vousooghi N. Pre-mating administration of theophylline could prevent the transgenerational effects of maternal morphine dependence on offspring anxiety behavior: The role of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 233:173660. [PMID: 37852327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction causes some molecular alterations in the brain reward pathway, such as changes in gene expression that may be transferred to the next generation via epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of theophylline as an HDAC (Histone deacetylases) activator on D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and anxiety behavior in the offspring of morphine-dependent female rats. Female rats were exposed to escalating doses of morphine for six days and were then treated with theophylline (20 mg/kg) or saline for 10 days before mating with normal male rats. Male and female offspring were tested for anxiety behavior using an elevated plus maze apparatus. Besides, the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the NAc was evaluated by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Results showed that offspring of morphine-dependent female rats had increased expression of both D1 and D2 receptors in the NAc, as well as decreased anxiety behavior, compared to control offspring. However, the mentioned effects were returned to normal levels in the offspring whose morphine-dependent mothers had received theophylline for 10 days before mating. It is concluded that theophylline may be therapeutically effective in minimizing the adverse consequences of maternal morphine dependence on offspring behavior by restoring normal dopamine receptor expression levels and modulating anxiety. To completely comprehend the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, more research is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ghaffari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Torkaman-Boutorabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karati D, Mukherjee S, Roy S. Molecular and Structural Insight into Adenosine A 2A Receptor in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Significant Target for Efficient Treatment Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5987-6000. [PMID: 37391647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
All biological tissues and bodily fluids include the autacoid adenosine. The P1 class of purinergic receptors includes adenosine receptors. Four distinct G-protein-coupled receptors on the cellular membrane mediate the effects of adenosine, whose cytoplasmic content is regulated by producing/degrading enzymes and nucleoside transporters. A2A receptor has received a great deal of attention in recent years because it has a wide range of potential therapeutic uses. A2B and, more significantly, A2A receptors regulate numerous physiological mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). The inferior targetability of A2B receptors towards adenosine points that they might portray a promising medicinal target since they are triggered only under pharmacological circumstances (when adenosine levels rise up to micromolar concentrations). The accessibility of specific ligands for A2B receptors would permit the exploration of such a theory. A2A receptors mediate both potentially neurotoxic and neuroprotective actions. Hence, it is debatable to what extent they play a role in neurodegenerative illnesses. However, A2A receptor blockers have demonstrated clear antiparkinsonian consequences, and a significant attraction exists in the role of A2A receptors in other neurodegenerative disorders. Amyloid peptide extracellular accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation are the pathogenic components of AD that lead to neuronal cell death, cognitive impairment, and memory loss. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo research has shown that A2A adenosine receptor antagonists may block each of these clinical symptoms, offering a crucial new approach to combat a condition for which, regrettably, only symptomatic medications are currently available. At least two requirements must be met to determine whether such receptors are a target for diseases of the CNS: a complete understanding of the mechanisms governing A2A-dependent processes and the availability of ligands that can distinguish between the various receptor populations. This review concisely summarises the biological effects mediated by A2A adenosine receptors in neurodegenerative disorders and discusses the chemical characteristics of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists undergoing clinical trials. Selective A2A receptor blocker against neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jenner P, Kanda T, Mori A. How and why the adenosine A 2A receptor became a target for Parkinson's disease therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:73-104. [PMID: 37741697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness. However, it does not alleviate all components of the motor deficits and has only limited effects on non-motor symptoms. For this reason, alternative non-dopaminergic approaches to treatment have been sought and the adenosine A2A receptor provided a novel target for symptomatic therapy both within the basal ganglia and elsewhere in the brain. Despite an impressive preclinical profile that would indicate a clear role for adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the road to clinical use has been long and full of difficulties. Some aspects of the drugs preclinical profile have not translated into clinical effectiveness and not all the clinical studies undertaken have had a positive outcome. The reasons for this will be explored and suggestions made for the further development of this drug class in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, one adenosine A2A antagonist, namely istradefylline has been introduced successfully for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease in two major areas of the world and has become a commercial success through offering the first non-dopaminergic approach to the treatment of unmet need to be introduced in several decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Maura G, Agnati LF. Receptor-receptor interactions and microvesicle exchange as mechanisms modulating signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109509. [PMID: 36935005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that astrocytes play a significant metabolic role in the nervous tissue, maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular space and of the blood-brain barrier, and providing trophic support to neurons. In addition, however, evidence exists indicating astrocytes as important elements for brain activity through signaling exchange with neurons. Astrocytes, indeed, can sense synaptic activity and their molecular machinery responds to neurotransmitters released by neurons with cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations that, in turn, stimulate the release of neuroactive substances (gliotransmitters) influencing nearby neurons. In both cell types the recognition and transduction of this complex pattern of signals is mediated by specific receptors that are also involved in mechanisms tuning the intercellular cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons. Two of these mechanisms are the focus of the present discussion. The first concerns direct receptor-receptor interactions leading to the formation at the cell membrane of multimeric receptor complexes. The cooperativity that emerges in the actions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands of the monomers forming the assembly provides the cell decoding apparatus with sophisticated and flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction pathways. A further mechanism of plasticity involving receptors is based on the transfer of elements of the cellular signaling apparatus via extracellular microvesicles acting as protective containers, which can lead to transient changes in the transmitting/decoding capabilities of the target cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, 16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jantz-Naeem N, Böttcher-Loschinski R, Borucki K, Mitchell-Flack M, Böttcher M, Schraven B, Mougiakakos D, Kahlfuss S. TIGIT signaling and its influence on T cell metabolism and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1060112. [PMID: 36874131 PMCID: PMC9982004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges for successful cancer therapy is the capacity of tumors to evade immune surveillance. Tumor immune evasion can be accomplished through the induction of T cell exhaustion via the activation of various immune checkpoint molecules. The most prominent examples of immune checkpoints are PD-1 and CTLA-4. Meanwhile, several other immune checkpoint molecules have since been identified. One of these is the T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), which was first described in 2009. Interestingly, many studies have established a synergistic reciprocity between TIGIT and PD-1. TIGIT has also been described to interfere with the energy metabolism of T cells and thereby affect adaptive anti-tumor immunity. In this context, recent studies have reported a link between TIGIT and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), a master transcription factor sensing hypoxia in several tissues including tumors that among others regulates the expression of metabolically relevant genes. Furthermore, distinct cancer types were shown to inhibit glucose uptake and effector function by inducing TIGIT expression in CD8+ T cells, resulting in an impaired anti-tumor immunity. In addition, TIGIT was associated with adenosine receptor signaling in T cells and the kynurenine pathway in tumor cells, both altering the tumor microenvironment and T cell-mediated immunity against tumors. Here, we review the most recent literature on the reciprocal interaction of TIGIT and T cell metabolism and specifically how TIGIT affects anti-tumor immunity. We believe understanding this interaction may pave the way for improved immunotherapy to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouria Jantz-Naeem
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108300. [PMID: 36283452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine compartmentalization has a profound impact on immune cell function by regulating adenosine localization and, therefore, extracellular signaling capabilities, which suppresses immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Nucleoside transporters, responsible for the translocation and cellular compartmentalization of hydrophilic adenosine, represent an understudied yet crucial component of adenosine disposition in the tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we will summarize what is known regarding nucleoside transporter's function within the purinome in relation to currently devised points of intervention (i.e., ectonucleotidases, adenosine receptors) for cancer immunotherapy, alterations in nucleoside transporter expression reported in cancer, and potential avenues for targeting of nucleoside transporters for the desired modulation of adenosine compartmentalization and action. Further, we put forward that nucleoside transporters are an unexplored therapeutic opportunity, and modulation of nucleoside transport processes could attenuate the pathogenic buildup of immunosuppressive adenosine in solid tumors, particularly those enriched with nucleoside transport proteins.
Collapse
|
10
|
Franco R, Lillo A, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. The adenosine A 2A receptor is a therapeutic target in neurological, heart and oncogenic diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:791-800. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2136570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dias L, Madeira D, Dias R, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Agostinho P. Aβ 1-42 peptides blunt the adenosine A 2A receptor-mediated control of the interplay between P 2X 7 and P 2Y 1 receptors mediated calcium responses in astrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:457. [PMID: 35907034 PMCID: PMC11071907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of astrocytes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still ill defined. AD involves an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and increased production of danger signals such as ATP. ATP can direct or indirectly, through its metabolism into adenosine, trigger adaptive astrocytic responses resulting from intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. AD also triggers an upregulation of astrocytic adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which blockade prevents memory dysfunction in AD. We now investigated how Aβ peptides affect ATP-mediated Ca2+ responses in astrocytes measured by fluorescence live-cell imaging and whether A2AR control astrocytic Ca2+ responses mediated by ATP receptors, mainly P2X7R and P2Y1R. In primary cultures of rat astrocytes exposed to Aβ1-42, ATP-evoked Ca2+ responses had a lower amplitude but a longer duration than in control astrocytes and involved P2X7R and P2Y1R, the former potentiating the later. Moreover, Aβ1-42 exposure increased protein levels of P2Y1R in astrocytes. A2AR antagonism with SCH58261 controlled in a protein kinase A-dependent manner both P2X7R- and P2Y1R-mediated Ca2+ responses in astrocytes. The interplay between these purinoceptors in astrocytes was blunted upon exposure to Aβ1-42. These findings uncover the ability of A2AR to regulate the inter-twinned P2X7R- and P2Y1R-mediated Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes, which is disrupted in conditions of early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Madeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I FMUC, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Yu-Jing L, Ma T. The immunomodulatory function of adenosine in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936547. [PMID: 35958599 PMCID: PMC9357910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an unsolved clinical condition with a substantial mortality rate in the hospital. Despite decades of research, no effective treatments for sepsis exists. The role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of sepsis is discussed in this paper. Adenosine is an essential endogenous molecule that activates the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors to regulate tissue function. These receptors are found on a wide range of immune cells and bind adenosine, which helps to control the immune response to inflammation. The adenosine receptors have many regulatory activities that determine the onset and progression of the disease, which have been discovered via the use of animal models. A greater understanding of the role of adenosine in modulating the immune system has sparked hope that an adenosine receptor-targeted treatment may be used one day to treat sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yu-Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Pharmacological Potential of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for Treating Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072366. [PMID: 35408767 PMCID: PMC9000505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor subtype is recognized as a non-dopaminergic pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selective A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline is approved in the US and Japan as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with PD experiencing OFF episodes or a wearing-off phenomenon; however, the full potential of this drug class remains to be explored. In this article, we review the pharmacology of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists from the perspective of the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and their potential for disease modification.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dragic M, Stekic A, Zeljkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Mihajlovic K, Adzic M, Grkovic I, Nedeljkovic N. Altered Topographic Distribution and Enhanced Neuronal Expression of Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rat Hippocampus and Cortex from Early to late Adulthood. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1637-1650. [PMID: 35320461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates altered topographic distribution and enhanced neuronal expression of major adenosine-metabolizing enzymes, i.e. ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as adenosine receptor subtype A2A in the hippocampus and cortex of male rats from early to late adulthood (3, 6, 12 and 15 months old males). The significant effect of age was demonstrated for the increase in the activity and the protein expression of eN and TNAP. At 15-m, enzyme histochemistry demonstrated enhanced expression of eN in synapse-rich hippocampal and cortical layers, whereas the upsurge of TNAP was observed in the hippocampal and cortical neuropil, rather than in cells and layers where two enzymes mostly reside in 3-m old brain. Furthermore, a dichotomy in A1R and A2AR expression was demonstrated in the cortex and hippocampus from early to late adulthood. Specifically, a decrease in A1R and enhancement of A2AR expression were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, the latter being almost exclusively localized in hippocampal pyramidal and cortical superficial cell layers. We did not observe any glial upregulation of A2AR, which was common for both advanced age and chronic neurodegeneration. Taken together, the results imply that the adaptative changes in adenosine signaling occurring in neuronal elements early in life may be responsible for the later prominent glial enhancement in A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling, and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which are the hallmarks of both advanced age and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stekic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department for Molecular biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mihajlovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grkovic
- Department for Molecular biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Repurposing Dipyridamole in Niemann Pick Type C Disease: A Proof of Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073456. [PMID: 35408815 PMCID: PMC8999038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare disorder characterized by lysosomal lipid accumulation that damages peripheral organs and the central nervous system. Currently, only miglustat is authorized for NPC treatment in Europe, and thus the identification of new therapies is necessary. The hypothesis addressed in this study is that increasing adenosine levels may represent a new therapeutic approach for NPC. In fact, a reduced level of adenosine has been shown in the brain of animal models of NPC; moreover, the compound T1-11, which is able to weakly stimulate A2A receptor and to increase adenosine levels by blocking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1, significantly ameliorated the pathological phenotype and extended the survival in a mouse model of the disease. To test our hypothesis, fibroblasts from NPC1 patients were treated with dipyridamole, a clinically-approved drug with inhibitory activity towards ENT1. Dipyridamole significantly reduced cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts and rescued mitochondrial deficits; the mechanism elicited by dipyridamole relies on activation of the adenosine A2AR subtype subsequent to the increased levels of extracellular adenosine due to the inhibition of ENT1. In conclusion, our results provide the proof of concept that targeting adenosine tone could be beneficial in NPC.
Collapse
|
16
|
N 6-substituated adenosine analog J4 attenuates anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:887-895. [PMID: 35102423 PMCID: PMC9063204 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure produces various physical and mental withdrawal symptoms. Activation of adenosine receptors is known to inhibit withdrawal-induced excitation. However, limited studies investigate how adenosine analogs may prove helpful tools to alleviate alcohol withdrawal-related affective behaviors. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of J4 compared with saline using the mice vapor or voluntary ethanol drinking model on behavioral endpoints representing ethanol-withdrawal negative emotionality commonly observed during abstinence from chronic alcohol use. METHODS We subjected C57BL/6 J mice to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure schedule to investigate how 72-h withdrawal from alcohol alters affective-like behavior. Next, we determined how treatment with J4, a second-generation adenosine analog, influenced affective behaviors produced by alcohol withdrawal. Finally, we determined how J4 treatment alters voluntary ethanol drinking using the two-bottle-choice drinking paradigm. RESULTS Our results show that 72-h withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol exposure produces limited affective-like disturbances in male C57BL/6 J mice exposed to 4 cycles ethanol vapor. Most importantly, J4 treatment irrespective of ethanol exposure decreases innate anxiety-like behavior in mice. CONCLUSIONS Withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and subsequent behavioral testing 72 h later produces minimal affective-like behavior. J4 treatment did however reduce marble-burying behavior and increased time spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze, suggesting J4 may be useful as a general anxiolytic.
Collapse
|
17
|
Paes-Vieira L, Gomes-Vieira AL, Meyer-Fernandes JR. E-NTPDases: Possible Roles on Host-Parasite Interactions and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769922. [PMID: 34858878 PMCID: PMC8630654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Belonging to the GDA1/CD39 protein superfamily, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP to the monophosphate form (AMP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Several NTPDase isoforms have been described in different cells, from pathogenic organisms to animals and plants. Biochemical characterization of nucleotidases/NTPDases has revealed the existence of isoforms with different specificities regarding divalent cations (such as calcium and magnesium) and substrates. In mammals, NTPDases have been implicated in the regulation of thrombosis and inflammation. In parasites, such as Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., Schistosoma spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, NTPDases were found on the surface of the cell, and important processes like growth, infectivity, and virulence seem to depend on their activity. For instance, experimental evidence has indicated that parasite NTPDases can regulate the levels of ATP and Adenosine (Ado) of the host cell, leading to the modulation of the host immune response. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review showing the involvement of the nucleotidases/NTPDases in parasites infectivity and virulence, and how inhibition of NTPDases contributes to parasite clearance and the development of new antiparasitic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisvane Paes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Gomes-Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blockade of adenosine A 2A receptor alleviates cognitive dysfunction after chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 350:113929. [PMID: 34813840 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is widely known for its multiple systems damage, especially neurocognitive deficits in children. Since their discovery, adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) have been considered as key elements in signaling pathways mediating neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's, as well as cognitive function regulation. Herein, we investigated A2AR role in cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Mice were exposed to CIH 7 h every day for 4 weeks, and intraperitoneally injected with A2AR agonist CGS21680 or A2AR antagonist SCH58261 half an hour before IH exposure daily. The 8-arm radial arm maze was utilized to assess spatial memory after CIH exposures.To validate findings using pharmacology, the impact of intermittent hypoxia was investigated in A2AR knockout mice. CIH-induced memory dysfunction was manifested by increased error rates in the radial arm maze test. The behavioral changes were associated with hippocampal pathology, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity impairment. The stimulation of adenosine A2AR exacerbated memory impairment with more serious neuropathological damage, attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP), syntaxin down-regulation, and increased BDNF protein. Moreover, apoptosis-promoting protein cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated. Consistent with these findings, A2AR inhibition with SCH58261 and A2AR deletion exhibited the opposite result. Overall, these findings suggest that A2AR plays a critical role in CIH-induced impairment of learning and memory by accelerating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reducing synaptic plasticity. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor alleviates cognitive dysfunction after chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia in mice.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. This leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response at the onset of infection, followed by immunosuppression. The development of a specific treatment modality for sepsis is still challenging, reflecting our inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Understanding the mechanism and transition of the early hyperinflammation to late stage of immunosuppression in sepsis is critical for developing sepsis therapeutics. Recent Advances: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules and released upon tissue injury and cell death in sepsis. DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to initiate inflammatory cascades. DAMPs not only elicit an inflammatory response but also they subsequently induce immunosuppression, both are equally important for exacerbating sepsis. Recent advances on a new DAMP, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein for fueling inflammation and immunosuppression in sepsis, have added a new avenue into the dual functions of DAMPs in sepsis. Critical Issues: The molecular modification of DAMPs and their binding to pattern recognition receptors transit dynamically by the cellular environment in pathophysiologic conditions. Correlation between the dynamic changes of the impacts of DAMPs and the clinical outcomes in sepsis still lacks adequate understanding. Here, we focus on the impacts of DAMPs that cause inflammation as well as induce immunosuppression in sepsis. We further discuss the therapeutic potential by targeting DAMPs to attenuate inflammation and immunosuppression for mitigating sepsis. Future Directions: Uncovering pathways of the transition from inflammation to immunosuppression of DAMPs is a potential therapeutic avenue for mitigating sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhou
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112831. [PMID: 34831054 PMCID: PMC8616521 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A2A and A2B receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A2AR and A2BR ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen D, Zeng R, Teng G, Cai C, Pan T, Tu H, Lin H, Du Q, Wang H, Chen Y. Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate inflammation and improve the mortality of acute liver failure combining with A2AR agonist in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2619-2627. [PMID: 33729623 PMCID: PMC8518829 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Acute liver failure (ALF) poses a serious public health issue. The menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) have been applied to cure various liver-related diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanism are far from clear. This study aims to explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of MenSCs to cure ALF. METHODS We investigate the potential mechanism of MenSCs on the ALF in vitro and in vivo. A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) activation was investigated as the potential reinforcer for MenSCs treatment. Lipid polysaccharide/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) was employed to induce ALF. Diverse techniques were used to measure the inflammatory cytokines and key signaling molecules. Hematoxylin-eosin stain and aminotransaminases were applied to evaluate the liver injury. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the T cells. RESULTS The MenSCs can decrease the lipid polysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine elevation and related signaling molecules in ALF, including TLR4, phosphorylated-NF-kBp65 (p-NF-kBp65), PI3K, and p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-IKK in vitro. Moreover, MenSCs also can significantly reverse the liver injury, inflammatory cytokines elevation and related signaling molecules increase, and Treg/Th17 ratio decrease in vivo. In addition, MenSCs plus A2AR agonist can enhance the above changes. CONCLUSIONS The MenSCs can attenuate the ALF-induced liver injury via inhibition of TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR/IKK signaling. Then, this inhibits the p-NF-κBp65 translocate into nuclear, which causes a decrease of inflammatory cytokines release. Moreover, A2AR agonist can play a synergic role with MenSCs and enhance the above-mentioned effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ruichao Zeng
- Department of Oncological SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina,Precision and Systems BiomedicineQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Guigen Teng
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hanxiao Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hongwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qingjing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Huahong Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081027. [PMID: 34440231 PMCID: PMC8392384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A2A receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as target for ALS therapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Paes-Vieira L, Rocco-Machado N, Freitas-Mesquita AL, Dos Santos Emiliano YS, Gomes-Vieira AL, de Almeida-Amaral EE, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Differential regulation of E-NTPdases during Leishmania amazonensis lifecycle and effect of their overexpression on parasite infectivity and virulence. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102423. [PMID: 34298165 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Leishmania amazonensis are characterized by a persistent parasitemia due to the ability of the parasite to modulate the immune response of macrophages. It has been proposed that ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDases) could be able to suppress the host immune defense by reducing the ATP and ADP levels. The AMP generated from E-NTPDase activity can be subsequently hydrolyzed by ecto-nucleotidases, increasing the levels of adenosine, which can reduce the inflammatory response. In the present work, we provide new information about the role of E-NTPDases on infectivity and virulence of L. amazonensis. Our data demonstrate that not only the E-NTPDase activity is differentially regulated during the parasite development but also the expression of the genes ntpd1 and ntpd2. E-NTPDase activity increases significantly in axenic amastigotes and metacyclic promastigotes, both infective forms in mammalian host. A similar profile was found for mRNA levels of the ntpd1 and ntpd2 genes. Using parasites overexpressing the genes ntpd1 and ntpd2, we could demonstrate that L. amazonensis promastigotes overexpressing ntpd2 gene show a remarkable increase in their ability to interact with macrophages compared to controls. In addition, both ntpd1 and ntpd2-overexpressing parasites were more infective to macrophages than controls. The kinetics of lesion formation by transfected parasites were similar to controls until the second week. However, twenty days post-infection, mice infected with ntpd1 and ntpd2-overexpressing parasites presented significantly reduced lesions compared to controls. Interestingly, parasite load reached similar levels among the different experimental groups. Thus, our data show a non-linear relationship between higher E-NTPDase activity and lesion formation. Previous studies have correlated increased ecto-NTPDase activity with virulence and infectivity of Leishmania parasites. Based in our results, we are suggesting that the induced overexpression of E-NTPDases in L. amazonensis could increase extracellular adenosine levels, interfering with the balance of the immune response to promote the pathogen clearance and maintain the host protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisvane Paes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Rocco-Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anita Leocadio Freitas-Mesquita
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yago Sousa Dos Santos Emiliano
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, 4° andar, sala 405A, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Gomes-Vieira
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elmo Eduardo de Almeida-Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, 4° andar, sala 405A, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Li K, Zhang Z, Peng M. The adenosine A 2A receptor alleviates postoperative delirium-like behaviors by restoring blood cerebrospinal barrier permeability in rats. J Neurochem 2021; 158:980-996. [PMID: 34033116 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common post-operative complication in elderly patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the neuropathogenesis of this complication remains unknown. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) and brain-blood barrier (BBB) are composed of tight junctions between cells that form physical barriers, and BBB damage plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of POD. Nevertheless, the role of BCB in POD remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R), a key regulator of the permeability of barriers, on surgery-induced increased permeability of BCB and POD-like behaviors. Open field, buried food, and Y maze tests were used to evaluate behavioral changes in rats after surgery. Levels of tight junction proteins, adherens junction proteins, A2A R, GTP-RhoA, and ROCK2 in the choroid plexus were assessed by western blotting. The concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus. Surgery/anesthesia decreased the levels of tight junction (e.g., ZO-1, occludin, and claudin1) proteins, increased concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in CSF, damaged the ultrastructure of choroid plexus, and induced POD-like behaviors in rats. An A2A R antagonist alleviated POD-like behaviors in rats. Furthermore, the A2A R antagonist increased the levels of tight junction proteins and restored the permeability of BCB in rats with POD. Fasudil, a selective Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, ameliorated POD-like behaviors induced by A2A R activation. Moreover, fasudil also abolished the increased levels of GTP-RhoA/ROCK2, decreased levels of tight junction proteins, and increased permeability of BCB caused by A2A R activation. Our findings demonstrate that A2A R might participate in regulating BCB permeability in rats with POD via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, which suggests the potential of A2A R as a therapeutic target for POD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang M, Yong L, Xu J, Zuo Y, Yi Z, Liu H. Determinants of Adenosine A
2A
Receptors‐Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates Complex: Multi‐Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Li Yong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Yanqiu Zuo
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Impact of Adenosine A2 Receptor Ligands on BCL2 Expression in Skeletal Muscle Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adenosine plays the role of regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in various kinds of cells through the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) pathway. Objectives: Since anti-apoptotic (BCL2) expression plays a role in controlling apoptosis in some cell lines, this study was designed to investigate whether adenosine analogue, NECA (non-selective adenosine receptors agonist), selective adenosine A2B receptor antagonist, PSB 603, and a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CG21680, affect BCL2-gene expression in the skeletal muscle cells of rats. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that CG21680 treatment would significantly intensify BCL2 gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Methods: Flasks measuring 25 cm2 were employed in culturing the rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. After treating these differential cells, the relative mRNA expression level for the BCL2 gene, at varying conditions of treatment, was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: From the qRT-PCR analysis results, it was concluded that BCL2 expression was markedly amplified after selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680 (p < 0.01) treatment. More prospective validation for the adenosine receptors’ contribution in modulating apoptosis by NECA was delivered by the outcomes from the combined pre-treatment of the cells with NECA and PSB 603. These outcomes show that when starved skeletal muscle cells are treated with a combination of NECA and 100 nM PSB 603, there was a substantial decrease in comparison to either treatment used on its own. Conclusions: This study’s results showed, for the first time, an increase in BCL2 gene expression within skeletal muscle after CGS21680 treatment. Hence, the prospective escalation in BCL2 protein expression might have a protective role to play against apoptosis and avert damage to the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
|
27
|
Portugal CC, da Encarnação TG, Sagrillo MA, Pereira MR, Relvas JB, Socodato R, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Activation of adenosine A3 receptors regulates vitamin C transport and redox balance in neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:43-55. [PMID: 33307167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important neuromodulator in the CNS, regulating neuronal survival and synaptic transmission. The antioxidant ascorbate (the reduced form of vitamin C) is concentrated in CNS neurons through a sodium-dependent transporter named SVCT2 and participates in several CNS processes, for instance, the regulation of glutamate receptors functioning and the synthesis of neuromodulators. Here we studied the interplay between the adenosinergic system and ascorbate transport in neurons. We found that selective activation of A3, but not of A1 or A2a, adenosine receptors modulated ascorbate transport, decreasing intracellular ascorbate content. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses showed that A3 receptors associate with the ascorbate transporter SVCT2, suggesting tight signaling compartmentalization between A3 receptors and SVCT2. The activation of A3 receptors increased ascorbate release in an SVCT2-dependent manner, which largely altered the neuronal redox status without interfering with cell death, glycolytic metabolism, and bioenergetics. Overall, by regulating vitamin C transport, the adenosinergic system (via activation of A3 receptors) can regulate ascorbate bioavailability and control the redox balance in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Mayara A Sagrillo
- Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Pereira
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boknik P, Eskandar J, Hofmann B, Zimmermann N, Neumann J, Gergs U. Role of Cardiac A 2A Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:627838. [PMID: 33574762 PMCID: PMC7871008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.627838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force regulation in various mammalian species are depicted. The putative signal transduction systems of A2A-AR in cells in the living heart, as well as the known interactions of A2A-AR with membrane-bound receptors, will be addressed. The possible role that the receptors play in some relevant cardiac pathologies, such as persistent or transient ischemia, hypoxia, sepsis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias, will be reviewed. Moreover, the cardiac utility of A2A-AR as therapeutic targets for agonistic and antagonistic drugs will be discussed. Gaps in our knowledge about the cardiac function of A2A-AR and future research needs will be identified and formulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - J. Eskandar
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - U. Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Purinergic signaling orchestrating neuron-glia communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105253. [PMID: 33080321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P2X and P2Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A1 and A2A receptors) in the crosstalk between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. An initial emphasis will be given to the cooperation between adenosine receptors to sharpen information salience encoding across synapses. The interplay between ATP and adenosine signaling in the communication between astrocytes and neurons will then be presented in context of the integrative properties of the astrocytic syncytium, allowing to implement heterosynaptic depression processes in neuronal networks. The process of microglia 'activation' and its control by astrocytes and neurons will then be analyzed under the perspective of an interplay between different P2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. In spite of these indications of a prominent role of purinergic signaling in the bidirectional communication between neurons and glia, its therapeutical exploitation still awaits obtaining an integrated view of the spatio-temporal action of ATP signaling and adenosine signaling, clearly distinguishing the involvement of both purinergic signaling systems in the regulation of physiological processes and in the control of pathogenic-like responses upon brain dysfunction or damage.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pacholko AG, Wotton CA, Bekar LK. Astrocytes-The Ultimate Effectors of Long-Range Neuromodulatory Networks? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:581075. [PMID: 33192327 PMCID: PMC7554522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It was long thought that astrocytes, given their lack of electrical signaling, were not involved in communication with neurons. However, we now know that one astrocyte on average maintains and regulates the extracellular neurotransmitter and potassium levels of more than 140,000 synapses, both excitatory and inhibitory, within their individual domains, and form a syncytium that can propagate calcium waves to affect distant cells via release of “gliotransmitters” such as glutamate, ATP, or adenosine. Neuromodulators can affect signal-to-noise and frequency transmission within cortical circuits by effects on inhibition, allowing for the filtering of relevant vs. irrelevant stimuli. Moreover, synchronized “resting” and desynchronized “activated” brain states are gated by short bursts of high-frequency neuromodulatory activity, highlighting the need for neuromodulation that is robust, rapid, and far-reaching. As many neuromodulators are released in a volume manner where degradation/uptake and the confines of the complex CNS limit diffusion distance, we ask the question—are astrocytes responsible for rapidly extending neuromodulator actions to every synapse? Neuromodulators are known to influence transitions between brain states, leading to control over plasticity, responses to salient stimuli, wakefulness, and sleep. These rapid and wide-spread state transitions demand that neuromodulators can simultaneously influence large and diverse regions in a manner that should be impossible given the limitations of simple diffusion. Intriguingly, astrocytes are ideally situated to amplify/extend neuromodulator effects over large populations of synapses given that each astrocyte can: (1) ensheath a large number of synapses; (2) release gliotransmitters (glutamate/ATP/adenosine) known to affect inhibition; (3) regulate extracellular potassium that can affect excitability and excitation/inhibition balance; and (4) express receptors for all neuromodulators. In this review article, we explore the hypothesis that astrocytes extend and amplify neuromodulatory influences on neuronal networks via alterations in calcium dynamics, the release of gliotransmitters, and potassium homeostasis. Given that neuromodulatory networks are at the core of our sleep-wake cycle and behavioral states, and determine how we interact with our environment, this review article highlights the importance of basic astrocyte function in homeostasis, general cognition, and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Pacholko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Caitlin A Wotton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lane K Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen L, Li S, Zhou Y, Liu T, Cai A, Zhang Z, Xu F, Manyande A, Wang J, Peng M. Neuronal mechanisms of adenosine A 2A receptors in the loss of consciousness induced by propofol general anesthesia with functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurochem 2020; 156:1020-1032. [PMID: 32785947 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Propofol is the most common intravenous anesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and has been used clinically for more than 30 years. However, the mechanism by which propofol induces loss of consciousness (LOC) remains largely unknown. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) has been extensively proven to have an effect on physiological sleep. It is, therefore, important to investigate the role of A2A R in the induction of LOC using propofol. In the present study, the administration of the highly selective A2A R agonist (CGS21680) and antagonist (SCH58261) was utilized to investigate the function of A2A R under general anesthesia induced by propofol by means of animal behavior studies, resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and c-Fos immunofluorescence staining approaches. Our results show that CGS21680 significantly prolonged the duration of LOC induced by propofol, increased the c-Fos expression in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and suppressed the functional connectivity of NAc-dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and NAc-cingulate cortex (CG). However, SCH58261 significantly shortened the duration of LOC induced by propofol, decreased the c-Fos expression in NAc, increased the c-Fos expression in DR, and elevated the functional connectivity of NAc-DR and NAc-CG. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the important roles played by A2A R in the LOC induced by propofol and suggest that the neural circuit between NAc-DR maybe controlled by A2A R in the mechanism of anesthesia induced by propofol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Center of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aoling Cai
- Center of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Center of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Jie Wang
- Center of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kanzato N, Nakachi K, Naka T, Mochizuki S, Miyamae Y, Okada Y. Parkinson's disease therapy with Istradefylline and blood biomarkers of epigenetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kanzato
- Department of Neurology Okinawa Prefectural Southern Medical Center & Children's Medical Center Okinawa Japan
| | - Kou Nakachi
- Department of Neurology Okinawa Prefectural Southern Medical Center & Children's Medical Center Okinawa Japan
| | - Taro Naka
- Department of Neurology Okinawa Prefectural Southern Medical Center & Children's Medical Center Okinawa Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Yuka Miyamae
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luo S, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Ma T, Shao W, Xiao C. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Agonist PSB-0777 Modulates Synaptic Proteins and AMPA Receptor Expression in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1159-1171. [PMID: 32448843 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulating synaptic formation and transmission is critical for the physiology and pathology of psychiatric disorders. The adenosine A2A receptor subtype has attracted widespread attention as a key regulator of neuropsychiatric activity, neuroprotection and injury. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory effects of a novel A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, on the expression of synaptic proteins and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors) at the cellular level in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 30 min of high-dose PSB-0777 stimulation, the expression of Synapsin-1 (Syn-1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were rapidly and significantly increased in rat primary cortical neurons compared with the control. Sustained elevation was found in the low and medium-dose groups after 24 h and 3 d of treatment. In contrast, after stimulation with PSB-0777 for 3 consecutive days, the expression of Syn-1 was decreased, and PSD95, AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were no longer increased in the high-dose group. Our study focuses on the detailed and systematic regulation of synaptic proteins and AMPA receptors by an A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, which may result in both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurotransmission and neuroprotection and may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders related to A2A receptors. These experimental data may contribute to understanding of the mechanisms for neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of A2A receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tengfei Ma
- Yunnan University, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences
| | - Wenping Shao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Department of Medical Examination
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effendi WI, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Focusing on Adenosine Receptors as a Potential Targeted Therapy in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E785. [PMID: 32213945 PMCID: PMC7140859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development. Several types of agonists, partial agonists or antagonists, and allosteric substances have been synthesized from these receptors as new therapeutic drug candidates. Research efforts surrounding A1AR and A2AAR are perhaps the most enticing because of their concentration and affinity; however, as a consequence of distressing conditions, both A2BAR and A3AR levels might accumulate. This review focuses on the biological features of each adenosine receptor as the basis of ligand production and describes clinical studies of adenosine receptor-associated pharmaceuticals in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meng F, Guo Z, Hu Y, Mai W, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Ge Q, Lou H, Guo F, Chen J, Duan S, Gao Z. CD73-derived adenosine controls inflammation and neurodegeneration by modulating dopamine signalling. Brain 2020; 142:700-718. [PMID: 30689733 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP catabolism provides a powerful mechanism to control the levels of extracellular adenosine. While increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling has been well-documented in both Parkinson's disease models and patients, the source of this enhanced adenosine signalling remains unclear. Here, we show that the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73)-mediated adenosine formation provides an important input to activate A2AR, and upregulated CD73 and A2AR in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease models coordinatively contribute to the elevated adenosine signalling. Importantly, we demonstrate that CD73-derived adenosine-A2AR signalling modulates microglial immunoresponses and morphological dynamics. CD73 inactivation significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory responses in microglia, but enhanced microglia process extension, movement and morphological transformation in the laser injury and acute MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease models. Limiting CD73-derived adenosine substantially suppressed microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and improved the viability of dopaminergic neurons and motor behaviours in Parkinson's disease models. Moreover, CD73 inactivation suppressed A2AR induction and A2AR-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, whereas replenishment of adenosine analogues restored these effects, suggesting that CD73 produces a self-regulating feed-forward adenosine formation to activate A2AR and promote neuroinflammation. We further provide the first evidence that A2A enhanced inflammation by antagonizing dopamine-mediated anti-inflammation, suggesting that the homeostatic balance between adenosine and dopamine signalling is key to microglia immunoresponses. Our study thus reveals a novel role for CD73-mediated nucleotide metabolism in regulating neuroinflammation and provides the proof-of-principle that targeting nucleotide metabolic pathways to limit adenosine production and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease might be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhige Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Mai
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lou
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pal Y, Bandyopadhyay N, Pal RS, Ahmed S, Bandopadhyay S. Perspective and Potential of A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2859-2874. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190710111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which is an effective controller of inflammation. The inflammatory effect of adenosine is expressed via its four receptor subtypes viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are initiated by adenosine receptors of which A2A and A3 play a vital role. RA primarily is an auto-immune disorder which is manifested as chronic inflammation in the synovial lining of joints. In order to develop an effective treatment, the role of cytokines, IL–1, TNF-α and IL–6 is crucial. Besides, the knowledge of PI3K-PKB/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathway is also important to understand the antiinflammatory targets. Methotrexate along with various other molecules like, NSAIDs and DMARDs are presently used as treatment lines for controlling RA. The enhanced knowledge of the preclinical stages and pathogenesis along with recent potent therapeutics raises the hopes that RA can be prevented in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Nabamita Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Rashmi S. Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 244713, India
| | - Shantanu Bandopadhyay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naraina Vidya Peeth Group of Institutions, Panki, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208020, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Attraqchi OH, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair A, Al-Attraqchi NH. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Potential Drug Target - Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2716-2740. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by
the endogenous substance adenosine. ARs are classified into 4 subtype receptors, namely, the A1, A2A, A2B and A3
receptors. The wide distribution and expression of the ARs in various body tissues as well as the roles they have
in controlling different functions in the body make them potential drug targets for the treatment of various pathological
conditions, such as cardiac diseases, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and glaucoma. Therefore,
in the past decades, there have been extensive investigations of ARs with a high number of agonists and antagonists
identified that can interact with these receptors. This review shall discuss the A2A receptor (A2AAR) subtype
of the ARs. The structure, properties and the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of the receptor are discussed
with an overview of the recent advances in the methods of studying the receptor. Also, molecular modeling
approaches utilized in the design of A2AAR ligands are highlighted with various recent examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Adenosine and Adenosine A 2AReceptors as Targets for the Treatment of Niemann Pick Type C Disease. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
39
|
Huin V, Dhaenens CM, Homa M, Carvalho K, Buée L, Sablonnière B. Neurogenetics of the Human Adenosine Receptor Genes: Genetic Structures and Involvement in Brain Diseases. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Huin
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Mégane Homa
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Kévin Carvalho
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc–Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Singh BL, Chen L, Cai H, Shi H, Wang Y, Yu C, Chen X, Han X, Cai X. Activation of adenosine A2a receptor accelerates and A2a receptor antagonist reduces intermittent hypoxia induced PC12 cell injury via PKC-KATP pathway. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:118-126. [PMID: 31129168 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with multiple system diseases. Neurocognitive dysfunction resulting from central nervous system complications has been reported, especially in children with OSAHS. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is accepted to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of OSAHS. Adenosine plays an important role in cellular function via interactions with its receptors. A2a receptor has been recognized as a factor involved in neuroprotection. However, the role of adenosine A2a receptor in intermittent hypoxia induced cellular injury is not completely understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanisms of A2a receptor mediated cellular damage caused by intermittent hypoxia in PC12 cells. We found that activated A2a receptor by CGS21680 decreased cellular viability, increased PKC as well as ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) subunits expression Kir6.2 and SUR1. Inhibition of A2a receptor by SCH58261 increased cellular viability, suppressed PKC and SUR1 expression level, ultimately showing a protective role in PC12 cells. Moreover, we observed that CHE, which is an antagonist of PKC, downregulated Kir6.2 and SUR1 expression and increased cellular viability. Additionally, we found that A2a receptor activation induced cell injury was associated with increased Cleaved-Caspase 3 expression, which can be decreased by inhibition of A2a receptor or PKC. In conclusion, our findings indicate that A2a receptor induced KATP expression by PKC activation and plays a role in accelerating PC12 cells injury induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure via A2a-PKC-KATP signal pathway mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Lyndall Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liya Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huilin Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenyi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China
| | - Xinru Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China; The Second School Of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kong X, Zuo Y, Huang Y, Ge J. Adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 treatment attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass‑associated inflammatory lung injury in juvenile rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:117-124. [PMID: 31115565 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 has been suggested to act as an anti‑inflammatory agent that protects against cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)‑induced organ injury. However, the therapeutic effects of CGS21680 for CPB‑induced lung injury have not been comprehensively evaluated. Using a juvenile rat model, the present study was designed to evaluated whether CGS21680 attenuates CPB‑induced lung injury. Our juvenile rat CPB model was established by 60 min CPB with or without CGS21680 pretreatment (100 µg/kg, in the CPB priming solution). Rats in the Sham group only underwent cannulation and heparinization. Serum and pulmonary levels of inflammatory markers and histological features of pulmonary tissues were analyzed. All juvenile rats survived following CPB. Significantly elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑PX) levels were observed in the CPB group compared to the Sham group (all P<0.05). TNF‑α, MPO and IL‑1β were significantly decreased, while GSH‑PX was markedly increased in the CGS group when compared to the CPB group. Consistently, pulmonary tissues from rats in the CPB group showed considerable amounts of damaged pneumocytes, severe edema, and increased alveolar macrophages, and significantly higher lung injury scores compared to the controls. Collectively, these changes were all further attenuated by CGS21680. Pretreatment with CGS21680 before CPB attenuated pulmonary injury, which may be related to the anti‑inflammatory effects of CGS21680 downstream of A2a receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yu'ang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Weng YT, Chien T, Kuan II, Chern Y. The TRAX, DISC1, and GSK3 complex in mental disorders and therapeutic interventions. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:71. [PMID: 30285728 PMCID: PMC6171312 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders (such as bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia) affect the lives of millions of individuals worldwide. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to various types of psychiatric studies and rapidly accumulating genetic information, the molecular mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorder development remain elusive. Among the genes that have been implicated in schizophrenia and other mental disorders, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) have been intensively investigated. DISC1 binds directly to GSK3 and modulates many cellular functions by negatively inhibiting GSK3 activity. The human DISC1 gene is located on chromosome 1 and is highly associated with schizophrenia and other mental disorders. A recent study demonstrated that a neighboring gene of DISC1, translin-associated factor X (TRAX), binds to the DISC1/GSK3β complex and at least partly mediates the actions of the DISC1/GSK3β complex. Previous studies also demonstrate that TRAX and most of its interacting proteins that have been identified so far are risk genes and/or markers of mental disorders. In the present review, we will focus on the emerging roles of TRAX and its interacting proteins (including DISC1 and GSK3β) in psychiatric disorders and the potential implications for developing therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-I Kuan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
ATP as a Pathophysiologic Mediator of Bacteria-Host Crosstalk in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082371. [PMID: 30103545 PMCID: PMC6121306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released from host cells including nerve termini, immune cells, injured or dead cells, and the commensal bacteria that reside in the gut lumen. Extracellular ATP interacts with the host through purinergic receptors, and promotes intercellular and bacteria-host communication to maintain the tissue homeostasis. However, the release of massive concentrations of ATP into extracellular compartments initiates acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the activation of immunocompetent cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, and mast cells). In this review, we focus on the functions of ATP as a pathophysiologic mediator that is required for the induction and resolution of inflammation and inter-species communication.
Collapse
|
44
|
Design and synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted-8-amino imidazo[1,2a]pyridines, a promising privileged structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3296-3307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Inhibition of the hypercapnic ventilatory response by adenosine in the retrotrapezoid nucleus in awake rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:47-56. [PMID: 29857188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The brain regulates breathing in response to changes in tissue CO2/H+ via a process called central chemoreception. Neurons and astrocytes in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) function as respiratory chemoreceptors. The role of astrocytes in this process appears to involve CO2/H+-dependent release of ATP to enhance activity of chemosensitive RTN neurons. Considering that in most brain regions extracellular ATP is rapidly broken down to adenosine by ectonucleotidase activity and since adenosine is a potent neuromodulator, we wondered whether adenosine signaling contributes to RTN chemoreceptor function. To explore this possibility, we pharmacologically manipulated activity of adenosine receptors in the RTN under control conditions and during inhalation of 7-10% CO2 (hypercapnia). In urethane-anesthetized or unrestrained conscious rats, bilateral injections of adenosine into the RTN blunted the hypercapnia ventilatory response. The inhibitory effect of adenosine on breathing was blunted by prior RTN injection of a broad spectrum adenosine receptor blocker (8-PT) or a selective A1-receptor blocker (DPCPX). Although RTN injections of 8PT, DPCPX or the ectonucleotidase inhibitor ARL67156 did not affected baseline breathing in either anesthetized or awake rats. We did find that RTN application of DPCPX or ARL67156 potentiated the respiratory frequency response to CO2, suggesting a portion of ATP released in the RTN during high CO2/H+ is converted to adenosine and serves to limit chemoreceptor function. These results identify adenosine as a novel purinergic regulator of RTN chemoreceptor function during hypercapnia.
Collapse
|
46
|
Dal Ben D, Antonioli L, Lambertucci C, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Volpini R. Purinergic Ligands as Potential Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Inflammation-Related Intestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 29593540 PMCID: PMC5861216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-related intestinal diseases are a set of various conditions presenting an overactive enteric immune system. A continuous overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decreased production of anti-inflammatory modulators are generally observed, while morpho-functional alterations of the enteric nervous system lead to intestinal secretory and motor dysfunctions. The factors at the basis of these conditions are still to be totally identified and current therapeutic strategies are aimed only at achieving and maintaining remission states, by using therapeutic tools like aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biological drugs (i.e., monoclonal antibodies), and eventually surgery. Recent reports described a key role of purinergic mediators (i.e., adenosine and its nucleotides ATP and ADP) in the regulation of the activity of immune cells and enteric nervous system, showing also that alterations of the purinergic signaling are linked to pathological conditions of the intestinal tract. These data prompted to a series of investigations to test the therapeutic potential for inflammation-related intestinal conditions of compounds able to restore or modulate an altered purinergic signaling within the gut. This review provides an overview on these investigations, describing the results of preclinical and/or clinical evaluation of compounds able to stimulate or inhibit specific P2 (i.e., P2X7) or P1 (i.e., A2A or A3) receptor signaling and to modify the adenosine levels through the modulation of enzymes activity (i.e., Adenosine Deaminase) or nucleoside transporters. Recent developments in the field are also reported and the most promising purine-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders are schematically summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rajasundaram S. Adenosine A2A Receptor Signaling in the Immunopathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:402. [PMID: 29559972 PMCID: PMC5845642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our increasing appreciation of adenosine as an endogenous signaling molecule that terminates inflammation has generated excitement regarding the potential to target adenosine receptors (ARs) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of chronic neuroinflammation. Of the four G protein-coupled ARs, A2ARs are the principal mediator of adenosine’s anti-inflammatory effects and accordingly, there is a growing body of evidence surrounding the role of A2ARs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the dominant animal model of MS. Such evidence points to a complex, often paradoxical role for A2ARs in the immunopathogenesis of EAE, where they have the ability to both exacerbate and alleviate disease severity. This review seeks to interpret these paradoxical findings and evaluate the therapeutic promise of A2ARs. In essence, the complexities of A2AR signaling arise from two properties. Firstly, A2AR signaling downregulates the inflammatory potential of TH lymphocytes whilst simultaneously facilitating the recruitment of these cells into the CNS. Secondly, A2AR expression by myeloid cells – infiltrating macrophages and CNS-resident microglia – has the capacity to promote both tissue injury and repair in chronic neuroinflammation. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of targeting A2ARs is greatly undermined by the risk of collateral tissue damage in the periphery and/or CNS.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sustained reversal of central neuropathic pain induced by a single intrathecal injection of adenosine A 2A receptor agonists. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:470-479. [PMID: 29366930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain is a debilitating outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI) and current treatments to alleviate this pain condition are ineffective. A growing body of literature suggests that activating adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, the effect of administering intrathecal A2AR agonists on central neuropathic pain was measured using hindpaw mechanical allodynia in a rat model of SCI termed spinal neuropathic avulsion pain (SNAP). Other models of SCI cause extensive damage to the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and health problems. SNAP rats with unilateral low thoracic (T13)/high lumbar (L1) dorsal root avulsion develop below-level bilateral allodynia, without concomitant motor or health problems. A single intrathecal injection of the A2AR agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680) reversed SCI-induced allodynia for at least 6 weeks. The reversal is likely in part mediated by interleukin (IL)-10, as intrathecally administering neutralizing IL-10 antibodies 1 week after CGS21680 abolished the anti-allodynic effect of CGS21680. Dorsal spinal cord tissue from the ipsilateral site of SCI (T13/L1) was assayed 1 and 6 weeks after CGS21680 for IL-10, CD11b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression. CGS21680 treatment did not change IL-10 gene expression but did significantly decrease CD11b and TNF gene expression at both timepoints. A second A2AR agonist, 4-(3-(6-amino-9-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)prop-2-ynyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL313), was also able to significantly prevent and reverse SCI-induced allodynia for several weeks after a single intrathecal injection, providing converging lines of evidence of A2AR involvement. The enduring pain reversal after a single intrathecal injection of A2AR agonists suggests that A2AR agonists could be exciting new candidates for treating SCI-induced central neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
49
|
Paes-Vieira L, Gomes-Vieira AL, Meyer-Fernandes JR. NTPDase activities: possible roles onLeishmania sppinfectivity and virulence. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:670-682. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisvane Paes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-590 Brazil
| | - André Luiz Gomes-Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-590 Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:214-227. [PMID: 29417473 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, promotes sustained cognitive performance and can protect neurons against dysfunction and death in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's mechanism of action relies on antagonism of various subclasses of adenosine receptors. Downstream xanthine metabolites, such as theobromine and theophylline, may also contribute to the beneficial effects of coffee, tea and cacao on brain health.
Collapse
|