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Balarastaghi S, Rezaee R, Hayes AW, Yarmohammadi F, Karimi G. Mechanisms of Arsenic Exposure-Induced Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: an Updated Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:98-113. [PMID: 35167029 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an abundant element in the earth's crust. In the environment and within the human body, this toxic element can be found in both organic and inorganic forms. Chronic exposure to arsenic can predispose humans to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, and blackfoot disease. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species is a major player in arsenic-induced toxicity, and it can affect genes expression, inflammatory responses, and/or nitric oxide homeostasis. Exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction which is reflected by an imbalance between vascular relaxation and contraction. Arsenic has been shown to inactivate endothelial nitric oxide synthase leading to a reduction of the generation and bioavailability of nitric oxide. Ultimately, these effects increase the risk of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The present article reviews how arsenic exposure contributes to hypertension and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Balarastaghi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang NH, Zhou XY, Shi SH, Zhang S, Chen ZH, Ali MA, Ahmed IM, Wang Y, Wu F. An miR156-regulated nucleobase-ascorbate transporter 2 confers cadmium tolerance via enhanced anti-oxidative capacity in barley. J Adv Res 2022; 44:23-37. [PMID: 36725193 PMCID: PMC9936425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most detrimental heavy metal pollutants, seriously affecting crop production and human health. Nucleobase-ascorbic acid transporters (NAT) are widely present in many living organisms including plants, animals and microbes; however, the role of NAT in plant Cd tolerance remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify Cd-induced miRNAs that target HvNAT2 and to determine the role of this gene and its product in Cd tolerance. METHODS High-throughput-sequencing was used to identify the miRNA expression profile of barley roots in response to Cd stress. Overexpression (OX) and RNAi lines were then constructed for HvNAT2 and comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to determine the function of this transporter examining its effects on traits such as Cd uptake/flux and translocation, morphology and antioxidant capacity in relation to Cd tolerance. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was performed to obtain insights into the evolution of HvNAT2. RESULTS Cd stress-induced genome-wide expression profiles of miRNAs identified a Cd-induced miRNA, miR156g-3p_3, that had HvNAT2 as its target. HvNAT2 was negatively regulated in the high-Cd-accumulating and Cd-tolerant genotype Zhenong8. Evolutionary analysis indicated that orthologues of the plasma membrane localized, HvNAT2, can be traced back to the sister group of land plants, the streptophyte algae. Overexpression of HvNAT2 increases Cd tolerance with higher tissue Cd accumulation but less oxidative damage in transgenic barley plants. RNAi of HvNAT2 leads to a significant reduction of Cd tolerance. The higher Cd accumulation in roots of the OX3 line was also demonstrated by confocal microscopy and electrophysiology. Transcriptome analysis showed that the enhancement of antioxidant capacity by HvNAT2 was related to stress signaling pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress tolerance in HvNAT2-OX plants was regulated by the synthesis of phytochelatins and the glutathione metabolism cycle. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a key molecular mechanism of NAT in Cd tolerance in plants that is useful for sustainable agricultural production and management of hazardous this heavy metal for better environment management and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Hong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shou-Heng Shi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohamed Abdelalim Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, Cairo University, Giza, 2613, Egypt
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Ribback S, Winter S, Klatte T, Schaeffeler E, Gellert M, Stühler V, Scharpf M, Bedke J, Burchardt M, Schwab M, Lillig CH, Kroeger N. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC): an example for the crucial role of redox signaling in ccRCC. World J Urol 2021. [PMID: 34859284 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thioredoxins are major regulatory proteins of oxidative signaling. Trx1 is the most prominent thioredoxin and, therefore, the current study sought to evaluate the prognostic role of Trx1 in ccRCC. METHODS AND PATIENTS A tissue micro-array (TMA) study was carried out to evaluate the association of Trx1 with clinicopathological features and survival outcome. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated for the association of characteristics in the Trx1 gene with clinicopathological features and survival outcome. RESULTS In the TMA, patients with ccRCC that had high Trx1 levels had lower T stages (p < 0.001), less often distant metastases (p = 0.018), lower nuclear grades (p < 0.001), and less often tumor necrosis (p = 0.037) or sarcomatoid features (p = 0.008). Patients with a combined score of ≥ 10 had better DSS than patients with a low combined score of < 10 (HR 95% CI 0.62 (0.39-0.98)). Interestingly, the survival outcome is compartment specific: ccRCC patients whose tumors had exclusively Trx1 expression in the cytoplasm had the worst survival outcome (HR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2-8.0). Genomic data from the TCGA demonstrated that patients with ccRCCs that had Trx1 losses had more advanced clinicopathological features and worse survival outcome in disease specific (p < 0.001), overall (p = 0.001), and progression free survival (p = 0.001) when compared to patients with ccRCCs without copy number variations (CNV) or gains. CONCLUSION The current study suggests a possible role of Trx1 in the tumor biology of ccRCC and thus, the current study strongly advises in depth investigations of redox signaling pathways in ccRCC.
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Shi T, van Soest DMK, Polderman PE, Burgering BMT, Dansen TB. DNA damage and oxidant stress activate p53 through differential upstream signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:298-311. [PMID: 34144191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization and activation of the p53 tumor suppressor are triggered in response to various cellular stresses, including DNA damaging agents and elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) like H2O2. When cells are exposed to exogenously added H2O2, ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2 dependent DNA damage signaling is switched on, suggesting that H2O2 induces both single and double strand breaks. These collective observations have resulted in the widely accepted model that oxidizing conditions lead to DNA damage that subsequently mediates a p53-dependent response like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, H2O2 also induces signaling through stress-activated kinases (SAPK, e.g., JNK and p38 MAPK) that can activate p53. Here we dissect to what extent these pathways contribute to functional activation of p53 in response to oxidizing conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that p53 can be activated both by SAPK signaling and the DDR independently of each other, and which of these pathways is activated depends on the type of oxidant used. This implies that it could in principle be possible to modulate oxidative signaling to stimulate p53 without inducing collateral DNA damage, thereby limiting mutation accumulation in both healthy and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands
| | - Daan M K van Soest
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg, 100 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands.
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Portugal CC, da Encarnação TG, Sagrillo MA, Pereira MR, Relvas JB, Socodato R, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Activation of adenosine A3 receptors regulates vitamin C transport and redox balance in neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:43-55. [PMID: 33307167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important neuromodulator in the CNS, regulating neuronal survival and synaptic transmission. The antioxidant ascorbate (the reduced form of vitamin C) is concentrated in CNS neurons through a sodium-dependent transporter named SVCT2 and participates in several CNS processes, for instance, the regulation of glutamate receptors functioning and the synthesis of neuromodulators. Here we studied the interplay between the adenosinergic system and ascorbate transport in neurons. We found that selective activation of A3, but not of A1 or A2a, adenosine receptors modulated ascorbate transport, decreasing intracellular ascorbate content. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses showed that A3 receptors associate with the ascorbate transporter SVCT2, suggesting tight signaling compartmentalization between A3 receptors and SVCT2. The activation of A3 receptors increased ascorbate release in an SVCT2-dependent manner, which largely altered the neuronal redox status without interfering with cell death, glycolytic metabolism, and bioenergetics. Overall, by regulating vitamin C transport, the adenosinergic system (via activation of A3 receptors) can regulate ascorbate bioavailability and control the redox balance in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Mayara A Sagrillo
- Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Pereira
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
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Choudhary A, Kumar A, Kaur N. ROS and oxidative burst: Roots in plant development. Plant Divers 2020; 42:33-43. [PMID: 32140635 PMCID: PMC7046507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely generated in various redox reactions in plants. In earlier studies, ROS were considered toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism. In recent years, it has become clear that ROS act as plant signaling molecules that participate in various processes such as growth and development. Several studies have elucidated the roles of ROS from seed germination to senescence. However, there is much to discover about the diverse roles of ROS as signaling molecules and their mechanisms of sensing and response. ROS may provide possible benefits to plant physiological processes by supporting cellular proliferation in cells that maintain basal levels prior to oxidative effects. Although ROS are largely perceived as either negative by-products of aerobic metabolism or makers for plant stress, elucidating the range of functions that ROS play in growth and development still require attention.
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Liu CC, Karimi Galougahi K, Weisbrod RM, Hansen T, Ravaie R, Nunez A, Liu YB, Fry N, Garcia A, Hamilton EJ, Sweadner KJ, Cohen RA, Figtree GA. Oxidative inhibition of the vascular Na+-K+ pump via NADPH oxidase-dependent β1-subunit glutathionylation: implications for angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:563-572. [PMID: 23816524 PMCID: PMC4474148 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathionylation of the Na(+)-K(+) pump's β1-subunit is a key molecular mechanism of physiological and pathophysiological pump inhibition in cardiac myocytes. Its contribution to Na(+)-K(+) pump regulation in other tissues is unknown, and cannot be assumed given the dependence on specific β-subunit isoform expression and receptor-coupled pathways. As Na(+)-K(+) pump activity is an important determinant of vascular tone through effects on [Ca(2+)]i, we have examined the role of oxidative regulation of the Na(+)-K(+) pump in mediating angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced increases in vascular reactivity. β1-subunit glutathione adducts were present at baseline and increased by exposure to Ang II in rabbit aortic rings, primary rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and human arterial segments. In VSMCs, Ang II-induced glutathionylation was associated with marked reduction in Na(+)-K(+)ATPase activity, an effect that was abolished by the NADPH oxidase inhibitory peptide, tat-gp91ds. In aortic segments, Ang II-induced glutathionylation was associated with decreased K(+)-induced vasorelaxation, a validated index of pump activity. Ang II-induced oxidative inhibition of Na(+)-K(+) ATPase and decrease in K(+)-induced relaxation were reversed by preincubation of VSMCs and rings with recombinant FXYD3 protein that is known to facilitate deglutathionylation of β1-subunit. Knock-out of FXYD1 dramatically decreased K(+)-induced relaxation in a mouse model. Attenuation of Ang II signaling in vivo by captopril (8 mg/kg/day for 7 days) decreased superoxide-sensitive DHE levels in the media of rabbit aorta, decreased β1-subunit glutathionylation, and enhanced K(+)-induced vasorelaxation. Ang II inhibits the Na(+)-K(+) pump in VSMCs via NADPH oxidase-dependent glutathionylation of the pump's β1-subunit, and this newly identified signaling pathway may contribute to altered vascular tone. FXYD proteins reduce oxidative inhibition of the Na(+)-K(+) pump and may have an important protective role in the vasculature under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Hansen
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ramtin Ravaie
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea Nunez
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Yi B Liu
- Laboratory Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Fry
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alvaro Garcia
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisha J Hamilton
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Sweadner
- Laboratory Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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