1
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Wang R, Ji L, Yuan S, Liu X, Liang Z, Chen W, Wang B, Hu S, Liu Z, Zeng Z, Song Y, Wu T, Chen B. Microglial forkhead box O3a deficiency attenuates LPS-induced neuro-inflammation and depressive-like behaviour through regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38881194 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depression is closely linked with microglial activation and neuro-inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) plays an important role in M2 activation of microglia. Forkhead box (FOX) O3a has been implicated in the regulation of mood-relevant behaviour. However, little is known about the inflammatory mechanisms of in the microglia of the brain. Here, we have investigated the role of microglial FOXO3a/PPAR-γ in the development of depression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of FOXO3a on microglia inflammation was analysed in vitro and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviours in vivo. ChIP-seq and Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between FOXO3a and PPAR-γ. Behavioural changes were measured, while inflammatory cytokines, microglial phenotype and morphological properties were determined by ELISA, qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunostaining. KEY RESULTS Overexpression of FOXO3a significantly attenuated expression of PPAR-γ and enhanced the microglial polarization towards the M1 phenotype, while knockdown of FOXO3a had the opposite effect. FOXO3a binds to the promoters of PPAR-γ and decreases its transcription activity. Importantly, deacetylation and activation of FOXO3a regulate LPS-induced neuro-inflammation by inhibiting the expression of PPAR-γ in microglia cells, supporting the antidepressant potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Microglial FOXO3a deficiency in mice alleviated LPS-induced neuro-inflammation and depression-like behaviours but failed to reduce anxiety behaviour, whereas pharmacological inhibition of PPAR-γ by GW9662 restored LPS-induced microglial activation and depressive-like behaviours in microglial FOXO3a-deficient mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOXO3a/PPAR-γ axis plays an important role in microglial activation and depression, identifying a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianru Ji
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suifa Hu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- Department for Bipolar Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders); Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Cheng M, Nie Y, Song M, Chen F, Yu Y. Forkhead box O proteins: steering the course of stem cell fate. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38466341 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are pivotal players in the intricate dance of embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and regeneration. Their behavior is delicately balanced between maintaining their pluripotency and differentiating as needed. Disruptions in this balance can lead to a spectrum of diseases, underscoring the importance of unraveling the complex molecular mechanisms that govern stem cell fate. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, a family of transcription factors, are at the heart of this intricate regulation, influencing a myriad of cellular processes such as survival, metabolism, and DNA repair. Their multifaceted role in steering the destiny of stem cells is evident, as they wield influence over self-renewal, quiescence, and lineage-specific differentiation in both embryonic and adult stem cells. This review delves into the structural and regulatory intricacies of FOXO transcription factors, shedding light on their pivotal roles in shaping the fate of stem cells. By providing insights into the specific functions of FOXO in determining stem cell fate, this review aims to pave the way for targeted interventions that could modulate stem cell behavior and potentially revolutionize the treatment and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Nie
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Song
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease: The Molecular Crosstalk of Upstream Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Apoptosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:140-151. [PMID: 36703582 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230126161524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disease involving a complex interaction between genes and the environment that affects various cellular pathways and neural networks. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants are significant risk factors for the development of PD. Among the herbicides, paraquat has been commonly used, although it has been banned in many countries due to its acute toxicity. Although the direct causational relationship between paraquat exposure and PD has not been established, paraquat has been demonstrated to cause the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic lesion are primarily driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, leading to a cascade of molecular crosstalks that result in the initiation of apoptosis. This review critically analyses the crucial upstream molecular pathways of the apoptotic cascade involved in paraquat neurotoxicity, including mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Teaney NA, Cyr NE. FoxO1 as a tissue-specific therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286838. [PMID: 37941908 PMCID: PMC10629996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins are transcription factors that mediate many aspects of physiology and thus have been targeted as therapeutics for several diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The role of FoxO1 in metabolism has been well studied, but recently FoxO1's potential for diabetes prevention and therapy has been debated. For example, studies have shown that increased FoxO1 activity in certain tissue types contributes to T2D pathology, symptoms, and comorbidities, yet in other tissue types elevated FoxO1 has been reported to alleviate symptoms associated with diabetes. Furthermore, studies have reported opposite effects of active FoxO1 in the same tissue type. For example, in the liver, FoxO1 contributes to T2D by increasing hepatic glucose production. However, FoxO1 has been shown to either increase or decrease hepatic lipogenesis as well as adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, FoxO1 reduces glucose uptake and oxidation, promotes lipid uptake and oxidation, and increases muscle atrophy. While many studies show that FoxO1 lowers pancreatic insulin production and secretion, others show the opposite, especially in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated FoxO1 in the hypothalamus increases the risk of developing T2D. However, increased FoxO1 may mitigate Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with T2D. Conversely, accumulating evidence implicates increased FoxO1 with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Here we review FoxO1's actions in T2D conditions in metabolic tissues that abundantly express FoxO1 and highlight some of the current studies targeting FoxO1 for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Teaney
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
| | - Nicole E. Cyr
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
- Stonehill College, Department of Biology, Easton, MA, United States
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5
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of Shared Genes, miRNA, Biological Pathways and Their Potential Role as Therapeutic Targets in Huntington's Disease Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054873. [PMID: 36902304 PMCID: PMC10003639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). The HTT gene was the first disease-associated gene mapped to a chromosome, but the pathophysiological mechanisms, genes, proteins or miRNAs involved in HD remain poorly understood. Systems bioinformatics approaches can divulge the synergistic relationships of multiple omics data and their integration, and thus provide a holistic approach to understanding diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), HD-related gene targets, pathways and miRNAs in HD and, more specifically, between the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic HD stages. Three publicly available HD datasets were analysed to obtain DEGs for each HD stage from each dataset. In addition, three databases were used to obtain HD-related gene targets. The shared gene targets between the three public databases were compared, and clustering analysis was performed on the common shared genes. Enrichment analysis was performed on (i) DEGs identified for each HD stage in each dataset, (ii) gene targets from the public databases and (iii) the clustering analysis results. Furthermore, the hub genes shared between the public databases and the HD DEGs were identified, and topological network parameters were applied. Identification of HD-related miRNAs and their gene targets was obtained, and a miRNA-gene network was constructed. Enriched pathways identified for the 128 common genes revealed pathways linked to multiple neurodegeneration diseases (HD, Parkinson's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia), MAPK and HIF-1 signalling pathways. Eighteen HD-related hub genes were identified based on network topological analysis of MCC, degree and closeness. The highest-ranked genes were FoxO3 and CASP3, CASP3 and MAP2 were found for betweenness and eccentricity and CREBBP and PPARGC1A were identified for the clustering coefficient. The miRNA-gene network identified eleven miRNAs (mir-19a-3p, mir-34b-3p, mir-128-5p, mir-196a-5p, mir-34a-5p, mir-338-3p, mir-23a-3p and mir-214-3p) and eight genes (ITPR1, CASP3, GRIN2A, FoxO3, TGM2, CREBBP, MTHFR and PPARGC1A). Our work revealed that various biological pathways seem to be involved in HD either during the pre-symptomatic or symptomatic stages of HD. This may offer some clues for the molecular mechanisms, pathways and cellular components underlying HD and how these may act as potential therapeutic targets for HD.
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6
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai Z, Wang Q, Wang J, Shi Y. Promotion of astrocyte-neuron glutamate-glutamine shuttle by SCFA contributes to the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102690. [PMID: 37018970 PMCID: PMC10122027 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage which is a key feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease. The shuttling of glutathione (GSH) precursors from astrocytes to neurons has been shown to be instrumental for the neuroprotective activity. Here, we revealed that short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which have been related to AD and PD, could promote glutamate-glutamine shuttle to potentially resist oxidative damage in neurons at cellular level. Furthermore, we performed nine-month-long dietary SCFA supplementations in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, and showed that it reshaped the homeostasis of microbiota and alleviated the cognitive impairment by reducing Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the hippocampus revealed SCFA can enhance astrocyte-neuron communication including glutamate-glutamine shuttle, mainly by acting on astrocyte in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that long-term dietary SCFA supplementations at early aging stage can regulate the neuroenergetics to alleviate AD, providing a promising direction for the development of new AD drug.
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7
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Maiese A, Spina F, Visi G, Del Duca F, De Matteis A, La Russa R, Di Paolo M, Frati P, Fineschi V. The Expression of FOXO3a as a Forensic Diagnostic Tool in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032584. [PMID: 36768906 PMCID: PMC9916452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most well-known causes of neurological impairment and disability in the world. The Forkhead Box class O (FOXO) 3a is a transcription factor that is involved in different molecular processes, such as cell apoptosis regulation, neuroinflammation and the response to oxidative stress. This study is the first to evaluate the post-mortem immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity of FOXO3a expression in human cases of TBI deaths. The autopsy databases of the Legal Medicine and Forensic Institutes of the "Sapienza" University of Roma and the University of Pisa were retrospectively reviewed. After analyzing autopsy reports, 15 cases of TBI deaths were selected as the study group, while the other 15 cases were chosen among non-traumatic brain deaths as the control group. Decomposed bodies and those with initial signs of putrefaction were excluded. Routine histopathological studies were performed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Furthermore, an IHC investigation on cerebral samples was performed. To evaluate FOXO3a expression, anti-FOXO3a antibodies (GTX100277) were utilized. Concerning the IHC analysis, all 15 samples of TBI cases showed positivity for FOXO3a in the cerebral parenchyma. All control cerebral specimens showed FOXO3a negativity. In addition, the longer the survival time, the greater the positivity to the reaction with FOXO3a was. This study shows the important role of FOXO3a in neuronal autophagy and apoptosis regulation and suggests FOXO3a as a possible potential pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Visi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Duca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Matteis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chen K, Gao P, Li Z, Dai A, Yang M, Chen S, Su J, Deng Z, Li L. Forkhead Box O Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1648-1657. [PMID: 36174679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the consequence of protein degradation exceeding protein synthesis because of disease, aging, and physical inactivity. Patients with skeletal muscle atrophy have decreased muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, and experience reduced survival quality and motor function. The forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases and some autophagy factors. However, the mechanism of FOXO signaling pathway leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. The development of treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy has been a thorny clinical problem. FOXO-targeted therapy to treat skeletal muscle atrophy is a promising approach, and an increasing number of relevant studies have been reported. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of the FOXO signaling pathway mediating skeletal muscle atrophy, and provides ideas for the clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zongchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Aonan Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
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Bhattacharjee S, Lottes EN, Nanda S, Golshir A, Patel AA, Ascoli GA, Cox DN. PP2A phosphatase regulates cell-type specific cytoskeletal organization to drive dendrite diversity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:926567. [PMID: 36452406 PMCID: PMC9702092 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.926567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering molecular mechanisms regulating dendritic diversification is essential to understanding the formation and modulation of functional neural circuitry. Transcription factors play critical roles in promoting dendritic diversity and here, we identify PP2A phosphatase function as a downstream effector of Cut-mediated transcriptional regulation of dendrite development. Mutant analyses of the PP2A catalytic subunit (mts) or the scaffolding subunit (PP2A-29B) reveal cell-type specific regulatory effects with the PP2A complex required to promote dendritic growth and branching in Drosophila Class IV (CIV) multidendritic (md) neurons, whereas in Class I (CI) md neurons, PP2A functions in restricting dendritic arborization. Cytoskeletal analyses reveal requirements for Mts in regulating microtubule stability/polarity and F-actin organization/dynamics. In CIV neurons, mts knockdown leads to reductions in dendritic localization of organelles including mitochondria and satellite Golgi outposts, while CI neurons show increased Golgi outpost trafficking along the dendritic arbor. Further, mts mutant neurons exhibit defects in neuronal polarity/compartmentalization. Finally, genetic interaction analyses suggest β-tubulin subunit 85D is a common PP2A target in CI and CIV neurons, while FoxO is a putative target in CI neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin N. Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sumit Nanda
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Andre Golshir
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Atit A. Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Fang Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Zheng Q, Ren C, Wang Y, Zhang J. Progress and Challenges in Targeted Protein Degradation for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11454-11477. [PMID: 36006861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are currently incurable diseases that cause progressive degeneration of nerve cells. Many of the disease-causing proteins of NDs are "undruggable" for traditional small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs). None of the compounds that attenuated the amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation process have entered clinical practice, and many phase III clinical trials of SMIs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed. In recent years, emerging targeted protein degradation (TPD) technologies such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), lysosome-targeting chimaeras (LYTACs), and autophagy-targeting chimeras (AUTACs) with TPD-assistive technologies such as click-formed proteolysis-targeting chimeras (CLIPTACs) and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera (DUBTAC) have developed rapidly. In vitro and in vivo experiments have also confirmed that TPD technology can target the degradation of ND pathogenic proteins, bringing hope for the treatment of NDs. Herein, we review the latest TPD technologies, introduce their targets and technical characteristics, and discuss the emerging TPD technologies with potential in ND research, with the hope of providing a new perspective for the development of TPD technology in the NDs field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Fang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinwen Zheng
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Chen Z, Liang W, Hu J, Zhu Z, Feng J, Ma Y, Yang Q, Ding G. Sirt6 deficiency contributes to mitochondrial fission and oxidative damage in podocytes via
ROCK1‐Drp1
signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13296. [PMID: 35842903 PMCID: PMC9528772 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yiqiong Ma
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
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12
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The FOXO family of transcription factors: key molecular players in gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:997-1015. [PMID: 35680690 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death with an oncological origin. Despite its decline in incidence and mortality in recent years, GC remains a global public problem that seriously threatens patients' health and lives. The forkhead box O proteins (FOXOs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) with crucial roles in cell fate decisions. In mammals, the FOXO family consists of four members FOXO1, 3a, 4, and 6. FOXOs play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, such as development, metabolism, and stem cell maintenance, by regulating the expression of their target genes in space and time. An accumulating amount of evidence has shown that the dysregulation of FOXOs is involved in GC progression by affecting multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle progression, carcinogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO family expression and activity and elucidate its roles in GC progression. Moreover, we also highlight the clinical implications of FOXOs in GC treatment.
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13
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Barberis M, Mondeel TD. Unveiling Forkhead-mediated regulation of yeast cell cycle and metabolic networks. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1743-1751. [PMID: 35495119 PMCID: PMC9024378 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from genome-wide ChIP studies on budding yeast Forkheads are interpreted. Power, challenges and limitation of ChIP studies are presented by target gene analysis. Forkheads regulate metabolic targets through which cell division may be coordinated.
Transcription factors are regulators of the cell’s genomic landscape. By switching single genes or entire molecular pathways on or off, transcription factors modulate the precise timing of their activation. The Forkhead (Fkh) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved to regulate organismal physiology and cell division. In addition to molecular biology and biochemical efforts, genome-wide studies have been conducted to characterize the genomic landscape potentially regulated by Forkheads in eukaryotes. Here, we discuss and interpret findings reported in six genome-wide Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) studies, with a particular focus on ChIP-chip and ChIP-exo. We highlight their power and challenges to address Forkhead-mediated regulation of the cellular landscape in budding yeast. Expression changes of the targets identified in the binding assays are investigated by taking expression data for Forkhead deletion and overexpression into account. Forkheads are revealed as regulators of the metabolic network through which cell cycle dynamics may be temporally coordinated further, in addition to their well-known role as regulators of the gene cluster responsible for cell division.
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14
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Ji JS, Liu L, Zeng Y, Yan LL. Effect of FOXO3 and Air Pollution on Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Older Adults in China From 2000 to 2014. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1534-1541. [PMID: 35029671 PMCID: PMC9890624 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box O 3 (FOXO3) genotype is strongly associated with human longevity and may be protective against neurodegeneration. Air pollution is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. We aimed to study the individual and combined effects of FOXO3 and air pollution on cognitive function in a large prospective cohort with up to 14 years of follow-up. We measured cognitive function and impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used tagging SNPs rs2253310, rs2802292, and rs4946936 to identify the FOXO3 gene, of which roughly half of the population had the longevity-associated polymorphism. We matched annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations within a 1 km2 grid. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using multivariable linear and logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations. At baseline, carriers of the longevity-associated homozygous minor alleles of FOXO3 SNPs had a higher MMSE score than the carriers of homozygous major alleles. In the longitudinal follow-up, carriers of FOXO3 homozygous minor alleles had lower odds of cognitive impairment compared with noncarriers. Higher PM2.5 was associated with a lower MMSE score and higher odds of cognitive impairment. The positive effects of FOXO3 were the strongest in females, older people, and residents in areas with lower air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Ji
- Address correspondence to: John S. Ji, ScD, Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 4th Floor, Mingli Building, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail:
| | - Linxin Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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15
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Zhao Y, Liu YS. Longevity Factor FOXO3: A Key Regulator in Aging-Related Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:778674. [PMID: 35004893 PMCID: PMC8733402 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.778674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) has been proposed as a homeostasis regulator, capable of integrating multiple upstream signaling pathways that are sensitive to environmental changes and counteracting their adverse effects due to external changes, such as oxidative stress, metabolic stress and growth factor deprivation. FOXO3 polymorphisms are associated with extreme human longevity. Intriguingly, longevity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human FOXO3 correlate with lower-than-average morbidity from cardiovascular diseases in long-lived people. Emerging evidence indicates that FOXO3 plays a critical role in vascular aging. FOXO3 inactivation is implicated in several aging-related vascular diseases. In experimental studies, FOXO3-engineered human ESC-derived vascular cells improve vascular homeostasis and delay vascular aging. The purpose of this review is to explore how FOXO3 regulates vascular aging and its crucial role in aging-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Yu J, Li T, Zhu J. Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:398-417. [PMID: 37008065 PMCID: PMC10017145 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements have taken place in gene therapy technology. However, effective methods for treating aging- or age-related chronic diseases, which are often closely related to genes or even multiple genes, are still lacking. The path to developing cures is winding, while gene therapy that targets genes related to aging represents an exciting research direction with tremendous potential. Among aging-related genes, some candidates have been studied at different levels, from cell to organismal levels (e.g., mammalian models) with different methods, from overexpression to gene editing. The TERT and APOE have even entered the stage of clinical trials. Even those displaying only a preliminary association with diseases have potential applications. This article discusses the foundations and recent breakthroughs in the field of gene therapy, providing a summary of current mainstream strategies and gene therapy products with clinical and preclinical applications. Finally, we review representative target genes and their potential for treating aging or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhong Zhu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Jianhong Zhu, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .
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17
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Zhu C, Wu J, Jin X, Yan Y, Ding CF, Tang K, Zhang Q. Graphene functionalized with structurally complementary amino acids for sensitive recognition of N-linked glycopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462505. [PMID: 34500222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a hydrophilic graphene composite functionalized with glutathione (GSH) and L(+)-Cysteine (Cys) was prepared via a simple and fast synthesis route, which was named G@S@Au@GC. The combination attack with two different zwitterionic polymers resulted in enhanced adsorption sites for glycopeptides. The obtained G@S@Au@GC exhibited excellent performance on a low limit of detection (0.2 fmol), a high selectivity (HRP: bovine serum albumin = 1:1500), a good load capacity (250 μg•mg-1) and recovery rate (93%), which was also evaluated with IgG. Subsequently, 60 glycopeptides from complex biological sample (human saliva) were identified by Nano-LC-MS/MS. The advantages of combination attack, low-cost, simple and fast synthesis, and superior enrichment performance make G@S@Au@GC composite a bright future on glycoproteomics analysis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xueting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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18
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Shiek SS, Mani MS, Kabekkodu SP, Dsouza HS. Health repercussions of environmental exposure to lead: Methylation perspective. Toxicology 2021; 461:152927. [PMID: 34492314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure has been a major public health concern for a long time now due to its permanent adverse effects on the human body. The process of lead toxicity has still not been fully understood, but recent advances in Omics technology have enabled researchers to evaluate lead-mediated alterations at the epigenome-wide level. DNA methylation is one of the widely studied and well-understood epigenetic modifications. Pb has demonstrated its ability to induce not just acute deleterious health consequences but also alters the epi-genome such that the disease manifestation happens much later in life as supported by Barkers Hypothesis of the developmental origin of health and diseases. Furthermore, these alterations are passed on to the next generation. Based on previous in-vivo, in-vitro, and human studies, this review provides an insight into the role of Pb in the development of several human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Sadiq Shiek
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Monica Shirley Mani
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Herman S Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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19
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Costa-Rodrigues C, Couceiro J, Moreno E. Cell competition from development to neurodegeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:269331. [PMID: 34190316 PMCID: PMC8277968 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell competition is a process by which suboptimal cells are eliminated to the benefit of cells with higher fitness. It is a surveillance mechanism that senses differences in the fitness status by several modes, such as expression of fitness fingerprints, survival factor uptake rate and resistance to mechanical stress. Fitness fingerprints-mediated cell competition recognizes isoforms of the transmembrane protein Flower, and translates the relative fitness of cells into distinct fates through the Flower code. Impairments in cell competition potentiate the development of diseases like cancer and ageing-related pathologies. In cancer, malignant cells acquire a supercompetitor behaviour, killing the neighbouring cells and overtaking the tissue, thus avoiding elimination. Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people and are characterized by cognitive decline and locomotor deficits. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and one of the largely studied diseases. However, the cellular processes taking place remain unclear. Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging neurodegeneration model due to its versatility as a tool for genetic studies. Research in a Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model detected fitness markers in the suboptimal and hyperactive neurons, thus establishing a link between cell competition and Alzheimer's disease. In this Review, we overview cell competition and the new insights related to neurodegenerative disorders, and discuss how research in the field might contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Couceiro
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Moreno
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Barberis M. Quantitative model of eukaryotic Cdk control through the Forkhead CONTROLLER. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34117265 PMCID: PMC8196193 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast, synchronization of waves of mitotic cyclins that activate the Cdk1 kinase occur through Forkhead transcription factors. These molecules act as controllers of their sequential order and may account for the separation in time of incompatible processes. Here, a Forkhead-mediated design principle underlying the quantitative model of Cdk control is proposed for budding yeast. This design rationalizes timing of cell division, through progressive and coordinated cyclin/Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of Forkhead, and autonomous cyclin/Cdk oscillations. A "clock unit" incorporating this design that regulates timing of cell division is proposed for both yeast and mammals, and has a DRIVER operating the incompatible processes that is instructed by multiple CLOCKS. TIMERS determine whether the clocks are active, whereas CONTROLLERS determine how quickly the clocks shall function depending on external MODULATORS. This "clock unit" may coordinate temporal waves of cyclin/Cdk concentration/activity in the eukaryotic cell cycle making the driver operate the incompatible processes, at separate times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barberis
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Sharma N, Bungau S. Elucidating the Possible Role of FoxO in Depression. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2761-2775. [PMID: 34075521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcriptional factors perform essential functions in several physiological and biological processes. Recent studies have shown that FoxO is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Changes in the upstream mediators of FoxOs including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein kinase B have been associated with depressive disorder and the antidepressant agents are known to alter the phosphorylation of FoxOs. Moreover, FoxOs might be regulated by serotonin or noradrenaline signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis,both of them are associated with the development of the depressive disorder. FoxO also regulates neural morphology, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which accounts for the pathogenesis of the depressive disorder. The current article underlined the potential functions of FoxOs in the etiology of depressive disorder and formulate few essential proposals for further investigation. The review also proposes that FoxO and its signal pathway might establish possible therapeutic mediators for the management of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.,Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt., Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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22
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Liu XL, Gao CC, Qi M, Han YL, Zhou ML, Zheng LR. Expression of FOXO transcription factors in the brain following traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2021; 753:135882. [PMID: 33838260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a substantial clinical and social problem worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality along with significant economic and medical costs. Forkhead box O transcription factors (FOXOs) have been found to play a critical role in the regulation of cell functions, such as nutrient metabolism, programmed cell death, and tumor suppression. In the central nervous system, FOXOs are reported to be pivotal regulators of learning and memory, neurite outgrowth, and axonal degeneration. However, the role of FOXOs in TBI is still unknown. Here, we investigate changes in the expression of FOXOs in the acute stage following TBI. First, we evaluated the expression of FOXO proteins in the brains of humans after TBI. A TBI model was then established in mice, and the ipsilateral cerebral cortex was collected at 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-TBI. The dynamic expression of Foxo proteins was observed. Neuron-specific localization of Foxos was detected by double immunofluorescence staining. Following TBI, FOXO proteins in the brains of humans were significantly increased. In mice, Foxo protein levels generally peaked at 24 h. By examining co-localization with neurons, the proportion of Foxo(+) neurons was found to increase following TBI and peak at 24 h. This study reveals the time-dependent and neuron-specific expression of Foxos following TBI in mice, providing insight to enhance understanding of the role of Foxos in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Liu
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Ling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lan-Rong Zheng
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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23
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Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic neurological diseases. For example, FOXO proteins are context-dependent tumour suppressors that are frequently inactivated in human cancers, and FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing therapeutics for cancer and for healthy ageing. In this Review, we overview the role of FOXO proteins in health and disease and discuss the pharmacological approaches to modulate FOXO function.
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24
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Goswami S, Kareem O, Goyal RK, Mumtaz SM, Tonk RK, Gupta R, Pottoo FH. Role of Forkhead Transcription Factors of the O Class (FoxO) in Development and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:709-721. [PMID: 33001019 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666201001105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the Central Nervous System (CNS), a specific loss of focal neurons leads to mental and neurological disorders like dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. AD is a neurological degenerative disorder, which is progressive and irreversible in nature and is the widely recognized reason for dementia in the geriatric populace. It affects 10% of people above the age of 65 and is the fourth driving reason for death in the United States. Numerous evidence suggests that the neuronal compartment is not the only genesis of AD, but transcription factors also hold significant importance in the occurrence and advancement of the disease. It is the need of the time to find the novel molecular targets and new techniques for treating or slowing down the progression of neurological disorders, especially AD. In this article, we summarised a conceivable association between transcriptional factors and their defensive measures against neurodegeneration and AD. The mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the class O (FoxO) illustrate one of the potential objectives for the development of new methodologies against AD and other neurocognitive disorders. The presence of FoxO is easily noticeable in the "cognitive centers" of the brain, specifically in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens. FoxO proteins are the prominent and necessary factors in memory formation and cognitive functions. FoxO also assumes a pertinent role in the protection of multiple cells in the brain by controlling the involving mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis and also modulates the process of phosphorylation of the targeted protein, thus FoxO must be a putative target in the mitigation of AD. This review features the role of FoxO as an important biomarker and potential new targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Goswami
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Mehrauli- Badarpur Rd, Sector 3, PushpVihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozaifa Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Mehrauli- Badarpur Rd, Sector 3, PushpVihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayed M Mumtaz
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Mehrauli- Badarpur Rd, Sector 3, PushpVihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Mehrauli- Badarpur Rd, Sector 3, PushpVihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Mehrauli- Badarpur Rd, Sector 3, PushpVihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Faheem H Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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