1
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Devinsky O, Jones NA, Cunningham MO, Jayasekera BAP, Devore S, Whalley BJ. Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:591-649. [PMID: 37882730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark O Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ashan P Jayasekera
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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2
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Hall RR, Cohall DH. The Relationship between Muscarinic and Cannabinoid Receptors in Neuronal Excitability and Epilepsy: A Review. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2024; 7:91-98. [PMID: 39015608 PMCID: PMC11250071 DOI: 10.1159/000538297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Of the seventy million people who suffer from epilepsy, 40 percent of them become resistant to more than one antiepileptic medication and have a higher chance of death. While the classical definition of epilepsy was due to the imbalance between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic signalling, substantial evidence implicates muscarinic receptors in the regulation of neural excitability. Summary Cannabinoids have shown to reduce seizure activity and neuronal excitability in several epileptic models through the activation of muscarinic receptors with drugs which modulate their activity. Cannabinoids also have been effective in reducing antiepileptic activity in pharmaco-resistant individuals; however, the mechanism of its effects in temporal lobe epilepsy is not clear. Key Messages This review seeks to elucidate the relationship between muscarinic and cannabinoid receptors in epilepsy and neural excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Renaldo Hall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Damian Hugh Cohall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
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3
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Chhabra S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Matrine mediated neuroprotective potential in experimental multiple sclerosis: Evidence from CSF, blood markers, brain samples and in-silico investigations. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578200. [PMID: 37774554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Around 2.8 million people worldwide are affected by MS due to its challenging diagnosis and treatment. Our study investigates the role of the JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways in the progression of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation and demyelination can be caused by dysregulation of these pathways. Modulating the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways may offer therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis. Matrine (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in our laboratory. Matrine has been studied for its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. It inhibits inflammatory responses and promotes regeneration of damaged myelin sheaths, indicating its potential efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting STAT-3 and mTOR and promoting PPAR-gamma expression.GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist (2 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to evaluate the involvement of PPAR-gamma and to compare the efficacy of matrine's potential neuroprotective effect. Matrine's interaction with the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma pathways in multiple Sclerosis was also validated and confirmed through insilico investigation. In addition, matrine altered the CBC profile, intensifying the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of various biological samples, including CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenates (striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain). These samples were used to evaluate the neurochemical changes caused by neurobehavioral alterations during the progression of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that matrine treatment ameliorated multiple sclerosis and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to the modulation of the STAT-3/mTOR/PPAR-gamma signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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4
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Belete TM. Recent Progress in the Development of New Antiepileptic Drugs with Novel Targets. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:262-276. [PMID: 38020406 PMCID: PMC10662271 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231185991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects approximately 50-70 million people worldwide. Epilepsy has a significant economic and social burden on patients as well as on the country. The recurrent, spontaneous seizure activity caused by abnormal neuronal firing in the brain is a hallmark of epilepsy. The current antiepileptic drugs provide symptomatic relief by restoring the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Besides, about 30% of epileptic patients do not achieve seizure control. The prevalence of adverse drug reactions, including aggression, agitation, irritability, and associated comorbidities, is also prevalent. Therefore, researchers should focus on developing more effective, safe, and disease-modifying agents based on new molecular targets and signaling cascades. Summary This review overviews several clinical trials that help identify promising new targets like lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors, c-jun n-terminal kinases, high mobility group box-1 antibodies, astrocyte reactivity inhibitors, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitors, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors, and glycolytic inhibitors to develop a new antiepileptic drug. Key messages Approximately 30% of epileptic patients do not achieve seizure control. The current anti-seizure drugs are not disease modifying, cure or prevent epilepsy. Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors have a promising antiepileptogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Africa
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5
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Pizcueta P, Vergara C, Emanuele M, Vilalta A, Rodríguez-Pascau L, Martinell M. Development of PPARγ Agonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Leriglitazone as a Promising Candidate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043201. [PMID: 36834611 PMCID: PMC9961553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in cellular metabolism and repair. Cellular damage caused by acute brain injury and long-term neurodegenerative disorders is associated with alterations of these metabolic processes leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists have demonstrated the potential to be effective treatments for CNS diseases in preclinical models, but to date, most drugs have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The most likely explanation for this lack of efficacy is the insufficient brain exposure of these PPARγ agonists. Leriglitazone is a novel, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant PPARγ agonist that is being developed to treat CNS diseases. Here, we review the main roles of PPARγ in physiology and pathophysiology in the CNS, describe the mechanism of action of PPARγ agonists, and discuss the evidence supporting the use of leriglitazone to treat CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pizcueta
- Minoryx Therapeutics SL, 08302 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Marco Emanuele
- Minoryx Therapeutics BE, Gosselies, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marc Martinell
- Minoryx Therapeutics SL, 08302 Barcelona, Spain
- Minoryx Therapeutics BE, Gosselies, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
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6
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Roque-Bravo R, Silva RS, Malheiro RF, Carmo H, Carvalho F, da Silva DD, Silva JP. Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Pharmacological and Toxicological Overview. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:187-209. [PMID: 35914767 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031122-113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a chemically diverse group of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) that target the endocannabinoid system, triggering a plethora of actions (e.g., elevated mood sensation, relaxation, appetite stimulation) that resemble, but are more intense than, those induced by cannabis. Although some of these effects have been explored for therapeutic applications, anticipated stronger psychoactive effects than cannabis and reduced risk perception have increased the recreational use of SCs, which have dominated the NPS market in the United States and Europe over the past decade. However, rising SC-related intoxications and deaths represent a major public health concern and embody a major challenge for policy makers. Here, we review the pharmacology and toxicology of SCs. A thorough characterization of SCs' pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics is important to better understand the main mechanisms underlying acute and chronic effects of SCs, interpret the clinical/pathological findings related to SC use, and improve SC risk awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Roque-Bravo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
| | - Rafaela Sofia Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
| | - Rui F Malheiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
| | - Helena Carmo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; , .,Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, and UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ,
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7
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Fields JA, Swinton MK, Montilla-Perez P, Ricciardelli E, Telese F. The Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist, WIN-55212-2, Suppresses the Activation of Proinflammatory Genes Induced by Interleukin 1 Beta in Human Astrocytes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:78-92. [PMID: 33998879 PMCID: PMC8864424 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations of astrocyte function play a crucial role in neuroinflammatory diseases due to either the loss of their neuroprotective role or the gain of their toxic inflammatory properties. Accumulating evidence highlights that cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as WIN55,212-2 (WIN), reduce inflammation in cellular and animal models. Thus, the endocannabinoid system has become an attractive target to attenuate chronic inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism of action of WIN in astrocytes remains poorly understood. Objective: We studied the immunosuppressive property of WIN by examining gene expression patterns that were modulated by WIN in reactive astrocytes. Materials and Methods: Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq was carried out using primary human astrocyte cultures stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) in the presence or absence of WIN. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was conducted on selected transcripts to characterize the dose-response effects of WIN, and to test the effect of selective antagonists of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). Results: Transcriptomic analysis showed that the IL1β-induced inflammatory response is robustly inhibited by WIN pretreatment. WIN treatment alone also induced substantial gene expression changes. Pathway analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory properties of WIN were linked to the regulation of kinase pathways and gene targets of neuroprotective transcription factors, including PPAR and SMAD (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog). The inhibitory effect of WIN was dose-dependent, but it was not affected by selective antagonists of CB1 or PPAR. Conclusions: This study suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system may be a promising strategy to disrupt inflammatory pathways in reactive astrocytes. The anti-inflammatory activity of WIN is independent of CB1, suggesting that alternative receptors mediate the effects of WIN. These results provide mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory activity of WIN and highlight that astrocytes are a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mary K. Swinton
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Eugenia Ricciardelli
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,*Address correspondence to: Francesca Telese, PhD, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 93093, USA,
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8
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Rahimian R, Belliveau C, Chen R, Mechawar N. Microglial Inflammatory-Metabolic Pathways and Their Potential Therapeutic Implication in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871997. [PMID: 35782423 PMCID: PMC9245023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their capacity to transform into reactive states in response to inflammatory insults, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a pivotal role in the induction of neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of microglia to recognize pathogens or damaged cells, leading to the activation of a cytotoxic response that exacerbates damage to brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of responses to injury and may also promote resolution stages of inflammation and tissue regeneration. MDD has been associated with chronic priming of microglia. Recent studies suggest that altered microglial morphology and function, caused either by intense inflammatory activation or by senescence, may contribute to depression and associated impairments in neuroplasticity. In this context, modifying microglia phenotype by tuning inflammatory pathways might have important translational relevance to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. Interestingly, it was recently shown that different microglial phenotypes are associated with distinct metabolic pathways and analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms points to an instrumental role for energy metabolism in shaping microglial functions. Here, we review various canonical pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathways in microglia that may provide new therapeutic opportunities to control neuroinflammation in brain disorders, with a strong focus on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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10
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Carloni S, Crinelli R, Palma L, Álvarez FJ, Piomelli D, Duranti A, Balduini W, Alonso-Alconada D. The Synthetic Cannabinoid URB447 Reduces Brain Injury and the Associated White Matter Demyelination after Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1291-1299. [PMID: 32271539 PMCID: PMC7997380 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
The number of functions controlled
by the endocannabinoid system
in health and disease continues growing over the years. In the brain,
these include the modulation of harmful events such as glutamate excitotoxicity,
oxidative stress, and inflammation, mainly regulated by activation/blockade
of CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors. In the present
work, we evaluated the capacity of the CB1 antagonist/CB2 agonist synthetic cannabinoid URB447 on reducing neurodegeneration
after brain injury. By using a model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonatal
rats, we found that URB447 strongly reduced brain injury when administered
before HI. A comparable effect was observed with the CB1 antagonist SR141716A, whereas the CB1 agonist WIN-55,212-2
reduced the effect of URB447. When administered 3 h after HI, which
is considered a clinically feasible therapeutic window to treat perinatal
brain injury in humans, URB447 reduced neurodegeneration and white
matter damage. Markers of astrogliosis and microglial activation also
appeared reduced. These results confirm the important role played
by the endocannabinoid system in the neurodegenerative process and
strongly encourage further research into the mechanisms of URB447-induced
neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Linda Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Álvarez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniel Alonso-Alconada
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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11
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Kytikova OY, Perelman JM, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Kolosov VP, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8906968. [PMID: 32395125 PMCID: PMC7201810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8906968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy. At present, special attention is focused on natural (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), endocannabinoids, and eicosanoids) and synthetic (fibrates, thiazolidinediones) PPAR ligands and the study of signaling mechanisms involved in the implementation of their anti-inflammatory effects in asthma. This review summarizes current views on the structure and function of PPARs, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma. The potential use of PPAR ligands as therapeutic agents for treating asthma is under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Yu. Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Juliy M. Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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12
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Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 16:9-29. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Junior NCF, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Guimarães FS, Del Bel E. Cannabidiol and Cannabinoid Compounds as Potential Strategies for Treating Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:12-29. [PMID: 31637586 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are motor disorders with significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatments that improve these disorders without causing severe side effects are not yet available. Delay in initiating L-DOPA is no longer recommended as LID development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative L-DOPA exposure. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a promising therapy to control PD and LID symptoms. In this way, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), the principal non-psychotomimetic constituent of the Cannabis sativa plant, have received considerable attention in the last decade. In this review, we present clinical and preclinical evidence suggesting CBD and other cannabinoids have therapeutic effects in PD and LID. Here, we discuss CBD pharmacology, as well as its neuroprotective effects and those of other cannabinoids. Finally, we discuss the modulation of several pro- or anti-inflammatory factors as possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic/neuroprotective potential of Cannabis-derived/cannabinoid synthetic compounds in motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson Carlos Ferreira Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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14
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Jin M, Zhang B, Sun Y, Zhang S, Li X, Sik A, Bai Y, Zheng X, Liu K. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in anticonvulsant activity of α-asaronol against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107760. [PMID: 31493468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPARs), the nuclear hormone receptors, have been reported to be involved in seizure control. Selective agonists and antagonists of PPARs raise seizure thresholds and suppress seizures, respectively. In this study, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of α-asaronol, a metabolic product of α-asarone, on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in zebrafish and investigated the underlying mechanisms. As a result, α-asaronol ameliorated seizures with increase of seizure latency, as well as decrease of seizure-like behavior, c-fos expression, and abnormal neuronal discharge in a concentration dependent manner. By comparing gene expression profiles of zebrafish undergoing seizures and α-asaronol pretreated zebrafish, we found that α-asaronol attenuate seizures through increase of PPAR γ expression, while PPAR γ antagonist GW9662 inhibit the anti-seizures actions of α-asaronol. Moreover, molecular docking simulation implied the physical interaction between α-asaronol and PPAR γ. The overall results indicated that the anticonvulsant effects of α-asaronol are regulated through PPAR γ-mediated pathway, which shed light on development of α-asaronol as a potential antiepileptic drug. In addition, it is for first time to report that PPAR γ is associated with seizures in zebrafish, supporting previous evidence that zebrafish is a suitable alternative for studying seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, NO.44 West Culture Road, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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15
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Swinton MK, Carson A, Telese F, Sanchez AB, Soontornniyomkij B, Rad L, Batki I, Quintanilla B, Pérez-Santiago J, Achim CL, Letendre S, Ellis RJ, Grant I, Murphy AN, Fields JA. Mitochondrial biogenesis is altered in HIV+ brains exposed to ART: Implications for therapeutic targeting of astroglia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104502. [PMID: 31238091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropathogenesis of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) involves disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and increased neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown if alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain underlie the neuropathogenesis of HAND. In this study, neuropathological and molecular analyses of mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory pathways were performed in brain specimens from a well-characterized cohort of HIV+ cases that were on antiretroviral regimens. In vitro investigations using primary human astroglia and neurons were used to probe the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial alterations. In frontal cortices from HAND brains compared to cognitive normal brains, total levels of transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) were decreased. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that TFAM was decreased in neurons and increased in astroglia. These changes were accompanied by decreased total mitochondrial DNA per cell and increased levels of messenger RNA for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. To determine how IL-1β affects astroglial bioenergetic processes and mitochondrial activity, human astroglial cultures were exposed to recombinant IL-1β. IL-1β induced mitochondrial activity within 30 min of treatment, altered mitochondrial related gene expression, altered mitochondrial morphology, enhanced adenoside triphosphate (ATP) utilization and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. WIN55,212-2 (WIN), an aminoalkylindole derivative and cannabinoid receptor agonist, blocked IL-1β-induced bioenergetic fluctuations and inflammatory gene expression in astroglia independent of cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. A PPARα antagonist reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of WIN in human astroglia. These results show that mitochondrial biogenesis is differentially regulated in neurons and astroglia in HAND brains and that targeting astroglial bioenergetic processes may be a strategy to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Swinton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aliyah Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana B Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Leila Rad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Batki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brandi Quintanilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Cristian L Achim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Godlevsky LS, Pervak MP. Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated γ-Receptors: Participation in the Anti-Seizure Effects of Transcranial DC Stimulation of the Cerebellum. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Miziak B, Walczak A, Szponar J, Pluta R, Czuczwar SJ. Drug-drug interactions between antiepileptics and cannabinoids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:407-415. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1605355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Miziak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Walczak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szponar
- Toxicology Clinic, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Clinical Department of Toxicology and Cardiology, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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18
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Ramezanzadeh K, Afshari K, Mousapour P, Abbasi N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Nikbakhsh R, Haddadi NS, Dehpour AR. Activation of ATP-sensitive K-channel promotes the anticonvulsant properties of cannabinoid receptor agonist through mitochondrial ATP level reduction. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 93:1-6. [PMID: 30776677 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor (CBR) agonist could act as a protective agent against seizure susceptibility in animal models of epilepsy. Studies have shown that potassium channels could play a key role in ameliorating neuronal excitability. In this study, we attempted to evaluate how CBRs and Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels collaborate to affect seizure susceptibility by changing the clonic seizure threshold (CST). We used male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and treated them with the following drugs: cromakalim (a potassium channel opener, 10 μg/kg), glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 0.03 and 1 mg/kg), 0.5 mg/kg of AM-251 (a selective CB1 antagonist), AM-630 (a selective CB2 antagonist), and 0.5, 3, and 10 mg/kg of WIN 55,212-2 (a nonselective agonist of CBRs); and CST was appraised after each type of administration. Also, we evaluated the ATP level of the hippocampus in each treatment to clarify the interaction between the cannabinoid system and potassium channel. Our results showed that administration of WIN 55,212-2 at 10 mg/kg significantly increased CST (P < 0.001). This change could be reversed by using AM-251(P < 0.001) but not AM-630. Also, either cromakalim (10 μg/kg) or glibenclamide (0.03 and 1 mg/kg) could not significantly affect the CST. In addition, glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) could reverse the anticonvulsant effect of WIN 55,212-2 (10 mg/kg) on CST (P < 0.001). However, the anticonvulsant effect was observed when cromakalim (10 μg/kg) was added to WIN 55,212-2 at its subeffective dose (3 mg/kg) in comparison to single-treated animals. Interestingly, we observed that CB1 agonist could significantly decrease ATP level. In conclusion, CB1 agonist accomplishes at least a part of its anticonvulsant actions through ATP-sensitive potassium channels, probably by decreasing the mitochondrial ATP level to open the potassium channel to induce its anticonvulsant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Mousapour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Abbasi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajan Nikbakhsh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Baul HS, Manikandan C, Sen D. Cannabinoid receptor as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's Disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:244-252. [PMID: 30664919 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta of basal ganglia caused due to gene mutation, misfolded protein aggregation, reactive oxygen species generation and inflammatory stress. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons results in muscle stiffness, uncoordinated body movements, sleep disturbance, fatigue, amnesia and impaired voice. Currently, levodopa (L-DOPA) administration is the most widely used therapy for PD. But prolonged administration of L-DOPA is associated with the symptoms of dyskinesia. However, emerging evidences suggest the role of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) in curtailing the progression of PD by activating neuroprotective pathways. Hence, cannabinoid therapy could be a promising alternative to combat PD in future. In the present review we have discussed the potential role of CBRs in attenuating the key mechanisms of PD and how the existing research gaps needs to be bridged in order to understand the molecular mechanism of CBRs in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhaar Baul
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ceera Manikandan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Gavzan H, Hashemi F, Babaei J, Sayyah M. A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in anticonvulsant activity of docosahexaenoic acid against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. Neurosci Lett 2018; 681:83-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Yang GS, Zhou XY, An XF, Liu XJ, Zhang YJ, Yu D. Mild hypothermia inhibits the Notch 3 and Notch 4 activation and seizure after stroke in the rat model. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1008-1016. [PMID: 29754932 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury is an important cause for seizure. Mild hypothermia of the brain or the whole body is an effective way to remit the post-stroke seizure. Our previous study revealed an implication of Notch 1 and 2 in the post-stroke seizure. This study further investigated the involvement of Notch 3 and 4 in post-stroke seizure and the effect of mild hypothermia on these two factors. A global cerebral ischemia (GCI) model was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats. Seizure activity was evaluated by the frequency of seizure attacks, seizure severity scores, and seizure discharges. Seizures were frequently occurred in the first and the second 24 h after GCI, however active whole-body cooling (mild hypothermia) and DAPT (Notch inhibitor) injection into the hippocampus, alone or in combination, alleviated seizure activity after GCI. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays revealed the up-regulation of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) 3 and 4 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus following GCI, but mild hypothermia and DAPT inhibited the up-regulation of NICD 3 and 4. NF-κB, PPARα, PPARγ, cyclin D1, Sox2 and Pax6 are associated with the pathogenesis of diverse type of seizures. GCI induced NF-κB, cyclin D1, and Pax6 activity, but suppressed PPARγ. These effects of GCI were abolished by both mild hypothermia and DAPT treatment. This indicated the implication of Notch signaling in the effects of GCI. Collectively, mild hypothermia inhibits Notch 3 and Notch 4 activation and seizure after stroke in the rat model. This study adds to the further understanding of the pathogenesis of post-stroke seizures and the protective mechanism of mild hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xue-Fang An
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
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22
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Gooshe M, Ghasemi K, Rohani MM, Tafakhori A, Amiri S, Aghamollaii V, Ahmadi M, Dehpour AR. Biphasic effect of sumatriptan on PTZ-induced seizures in mice: Modulation by 5-HT1B/D receptors and NOS/NO pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Bilir KA, Anli G, Ozkan E, Gunduz O, Ulugol A. Involvement of spinal cannabinoid receptors in the antipruritic effects of WIN 55,212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:553-558. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Bilir
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - G. Anli
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - E. Ozkan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - O. Gunduz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - A. Ulugol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
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24
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Lucchi C, Costa AM, Giordano C, Curia G, Piat M, Leo G, Vinet J, Brunel L, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Torsello A, Biagini G. Involvement of PPARγ in the Anticonvulsant Activity of EP-80317, a Ghrelin Receptor Antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:676. [PMID: 29018345 PMCID: PMC5614981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and other related peptides possess anticonvulsant activities. Although ghrelin and cognate peptides were shown to physiologically regulate only the ghrelin receptor, some of them were pharmacologically proved to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) through stimulation of the scavenger receptor CD36 in macrophages. In our study, we challenged the hypothesis that PPARγ could be involved in the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317, a ghrelin receptor antagonist. For this purpose, we used the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 to evaluate the modulation of EP-80317 anticonvulsant properties in two different models. Firstly, the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317 were studied in rats treated with pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE). Secondly, the anticonvulsant activity of EP-80317 was ascertained in the repeated 6-Hz corneal stimulation model in mice. Behavioral and video electrocorticographic (ECoG) analyses were performed in both models. We also characterized levels of immunoreactivity for PPARγ in the hippocampus of 6-Hz corneally stimulated mice. EP-80317 predictably antagonized seizures in both models. Pretreatment with GW9662 counteracted almost all EP-80317 effects both in mice and rats. Only the effects of EP-80317 on power spectra of ECoGs recorded during repeated 6-Hz corneal stimulation were practically unaffected by GW9662 administration. Moreover, GW9662 alone produced a decrease in the latency of tonic-clonic seizures and accelerated the onset of SE in rats. Finally, in the hippocampus of mice treated with EP-80317 we found increased levels of PPARγ immunoreactivity. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that PPARγ is able to modulate seizures and mediates the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lucchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Anna M Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Carmela Giordano
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giulia Curia
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Marika Piat
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Leo
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Vinet
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Luc Brunel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-BicoccaMilan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
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The Role of Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cannabinoid Function. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 80:291-328. [PMID: 28826538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, evidence has been accumulating that most cannabinoid compounds interact with the nuclear hormone family peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This can be through direct binding of these compounds to PPARs, metabolism of cannabinoid to other PPAR-activating chemicals, or indirect activation of PPAR through cell signaling pathways. Delivery of cannabinoids to the nucleus may be facilitated by fatty acid-binding proteins and carrier proteins. All PPAR isoforms appear to be activated by cannabinoids, but the majority of evidence is for PPARα and γ. To date, little is known about the potential interaction of cannabinoids with other nuclear hormones. At least some (but not all) of the well-known biological actions of cannabinoids including neuroprotection, antiinflammatory action, and analgesic effects are partly mediated by PPAR-activation, often in combination with activation of the more traditional target sites of action. This has been best investigated for the endocannabinoid-like compounds palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamine acting at PPARα, and for phytocannabinoids or their derivatives activation acting at PPARγ. However, there are still many aspects of cannabinoid activation of PPAR and the role it plays in the biological and therapeutic effects of cannabinoids that remain to be investigated.
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Rosenberg EC, Patra PH, Whalley BJ. Therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in animal models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy-related neuroprotection. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 70:319-327. [PMID: 28190698 PMCID: PMC5651410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and identification of the discrete plant cannabinoids in marijuana revived interest in analyzing historical therapeutic claims made for cannabis in clinical case studies and anecdotes. In particular, sources as old as the 11th and 15th centuries claimed efficacy for crude marijuana extracts in the treatment of convulsive disorders, prompting a particularly active area of preclinical research into the therapeutic potential of plant cannabinoids in epilepsy. Since that time, a large body of literature has accumulated describing the effects of several of the >100 individual plant cannabinoids in preclinical models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy-related neuroprotection. We surveyed the literature for relevant reports of such plant cannabinoid effects and critically reviewed their findings. We found that acute CB1R agonism in simple models of acute seizures in rodents typically produces anti-convulsant effects whereas CB1R antagonists exert converse effects in the same models. However, when the effects of such ligands are examined in more complex models of epilepsy, epileptogenesis and neuroprotection, a less simplistic narrative emerges. Here, the complex interactions between (i) brain regions involved in a given model, (ii) relative contributions of endocannabinoid signaling to modulation of synaptic transmission in such areas, (iii) multi-target effects, (iv) cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptor signaling interactions and, (v) timing, (vi) duration and (vii) localization of ligand administration suggest that there is both anti-epileptic therapeutic potential and a pro-epileptic risk in up- and down-regulation of endocannabinoid signaling in the central nervous system. Factors such receptor desensitization and specific pharmacology of ligands used (e.g. full vs partial agonists and neutral antagonists vs inverse agonists) also appear to play an important role in the effects reported. Furthermore, the effects of several plant cannabinoids, most notably cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidavarin (CBDV), in models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and neuroprotection are less ambiguous, and consistent with reports of therapeutically beneficial effects of these compounds in clinical studies. However, continued paucity of firm information regarding the therapeutic molecular mechanism of CBD/CBDV highlights the continued need for research in this area in order to identify as yet under-exploited targets for drug development and raise our understanding of treatment-resistant epilepsies. The recent reporting of positive results for cannabidiol treatment in two Phase III clinical trials in treatment-resistant epilepsies provides pivotal evidence of clinical efficacy for one plant cannabinoid in epilepsy. Moreover, risks and/or benefits associated with the use of unlicensed Δ9-THC containing marijuana extracts in pediatric epilepsies remain poorly understood. Therefore, in light of these paradigm-changing clinical events, the present review's findings aim to drive future drug development for newly-identified targets and indications, identify important limitations of animal models in the investigation of plant cannabinoid effects in the epilepsies, and focuses future research in this area on specific, unanswered questions regarding the complexities of endocannabinoid signaling in epilepsy. This article is part of a Special Issue titled Cannabinoids and Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C. Rosenberg
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pabitra H. Patra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food & Nutritional Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Whalley
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food & Nutritional Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK,Corresponding author: (B.J. Whalley)
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Gooshe M, Tabaeizadeh M, Aleyasin AR, Mojahedi P, Ghasemi K, Yousefi F, Vafaei A, Amini-Khoei H, Amiri S, Dehpour AR. Levosimendan exerts anticonvulsant properties against PTZ-induced seizures in mice through activation of nNOS/NO pathway: Role for K ATP channel. Life Sci 2016; 168:38-46. [PMID: 27851890 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although approving new anticonvulsants was a major breakthrough in the field of epilepsy control, so far we have met limited success in almost one third of patients suffering from epilepsy and a definite and reliable method is yet to be found. Levosimendan demonstrated neuroprotective effects and reduced mortality in conditions in which seizure can be an etiology of death; however, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of levosimendan still eludes us. In the light of evidence suggesting levosimendan can be a KATP channel opener and nitrergic pathway activator, levosimendan may exert antiseizure effects through KATP channels and nitrergic pathway. MAIN METHODS In this study, the effects of levosimendan on seizure susceptibility was studied by PTZ-induced seizures model in mice. KEY FINDINGS Administration of a single effective dose of levosimendan significantly increased seizures threshold and the nitrite level in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. Pretreatment with noneffective doses of glibenclamide (a KATP channel blocker) and L-NAME (a non-selective NOS inhibitor) neutralize the anticonvulsant and nitrite elevating effects of levosimendan. While 7-NI (a neural NOS inhibitor) blocked the anticonvulsant effect of levosimendan, Aminoguanidine (an inducible NOS inhibitor) failed to affect the anticonvulsant effects of levosimendan. Cromakalim (a KATP channel opener) or l-arginine (an NO precursor) augmented the anticonvulsant effects of a subeffective dose of levosimendan. Moreover, co-administration of noneffective doses of Glibenclamide and L-NAME demonstrated a synergistic effect in blocking the anticonvulsant effects of levosimendan. SIGNIFICANCE Levosimendan has anticonvulsant effects possibly via KATP/nNOS/NO pathway activation in the hippocampus and temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Gooshe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tabaeizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Aleyasin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Mojahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vafaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Citraro R, Russo E, Leo A, Russo R, Avagliano C, Navarra M, Calignano A, De Sarro G. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic influence of N-palmitoylethanolamine, arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide and WIN 55,212-2 on the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptic drugs against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:523-534. [PMID: 27663280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of ACEA (selective cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor agonist), WIN 55,212-2 mesylate (WIN; non-selective CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA; an endogenous fatty acid of ethanolamide) in DBA/2 mice, a genetic model of reflex audiogenic epilepsy. PEA, ACEA or WIN intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration decreased the severity of tonic-clonic seizures. We also studied the effects of PEA, WIN or ACEA after co-administration with NIDA-41020 (CB1 receptor antagonist) or GW6471 (PPAR-α antagonist) and compared the effects of WIN, ACEA and PEA in order to clarify their mechanisms of action. PEA has anticonvulsant features in DBA/2 mice mainly through PPAR-α and likely indirectly on CB1 receptors, whereas ACEA and WIN act through CB1 receptors. The co-administration of ineffective doses of ACEA, PEA and WIN with some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was examined in order to identify potential pharmacological interactions in DBA/2 mice. We found that PEA, ACEA and WIN co-administration potentiated the efficacy of carbamazepine, diazepam, felbamate, gabapentin, phenobarbital, topiramate and valproate and PEA only also that of oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine whereas, their co-administration with levetiracetam and phenytoin did not have effects. PEA, ACEA or WIN administration did not significantly influence the total plasma and brain levels of AEDs; therefore, it can be concluded that the observed potentiation was only of pharmacodynamic nature. In conclusion, PEA, ACEA and WIN show anticonvulsant effects in DBA/2 mice and potentiate the effects several AEDs suggesting a possible therapeutic relevance of these drugs and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
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Oxytocin is involved in the proconvulsant effects of Sildenafil: Possible role of CREB. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Dos-Santos-Pereira M, da-Silva CA, Guimarães FS, Del-Bel E. Co-administration of cannabidiol and capsazepine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice: Possible mechanism of action. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:179-95. [PMID: 27373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Aparecida da-Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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31
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O'Sullivan SE. An update on PPAR activation by cannabinoids. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1899-910. [PMID: 27077495 PMCID: PMC4882496 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cannabinoids activate the different isoforms of PPARs (α, β and γ), as shown through the use of reporter gene assays, binding studies, selective antagonists and knockout studies. Activation of all isoforms, but primarily PPARα and γ, mediates some (but not all) of the analgesic, neuroprotective, neuronal function modulation, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, anti-tumour, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects of some cannabinoids, often in conjunction with activation of the more traditional target sites of action such as the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and the TRPV1 ion channel. PPARs also mediate some of the effects of inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation or transport. Cannabinoids may be chaperoned to the PPARs by fatty acid binding proteins. The aims of this review are to update the evidence supporting PPAR activation by cannabinoids and to review the physiological responses to cannabinoids that are mediated, and not mediated, by PPAR activation.
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Abstract
Cannabis has been used for centuries to treat seizures. Recent anecdotal reports, accumulating animal model data, and mechanistic insights have raised interest in cannabis-based antiepileptic therapies. In this study, we review current understanding of the endocannabinoid system, characterize the pro- and anticonvulsive effects of cannabinoids [e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD)], and highlight scientific evidence from pre-clinical and clinical trials of cannabinoids in epilepsy. These studies suggest that CBD avoids the psychoactive effects of the endocannabinoid system to provide a well-tolerated, promising therapeutic for the treatment of seizures, while whole-plant cannabis can both contribute to and reduce seizures. Finally, we discuss results from a new multicenter, open-label study using CBD in a population with treatment-resistant epilepsy. In all, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and guide future basic science and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Rosenberg
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin J Whalley
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, UK.
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Carletti F, Gambino G, Rizzo V, Ferraro G, Sardo P. Cannabinoid and nitric oxide signaling interplay in the modulation of hippocampal hyperexcitability: Study on electrophysiological and behavioral models of temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat. Neuroscience 2015; 303:149-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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A COX/5-LOX Inhibitor Licofelone Revealed Anticonvulsant Properties Through iNOS Diminution in Mice. Neurochem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Payandemehr B, Bahremand A, Ebrahimi A, Nasrabady SE, Rahimian R, Bahremand T, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Protective effects of lithium chloride on seizure susceptibility: Involvement of α2-adrenoceptor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 133:37-42. [PMID: 25824982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For more than 60years, lithium has been the mainstay in the treatment of mental disorders as a mood stabilizer. In addition to the antimanic and antidepressant responses, lithium also shows some anticonvulsant properties. In spite of the ascertained neuroprotective effects of this alkali metal, the underlying mechanisms through which lithium regulates behavior are still poorly understood. Among different targets, some authors suggest neuromodulatory effects of lithium are the consequences of interaction of this agent with the brain neurotransmitters including adrenergic system. In order to study the involvement of α2-adrenergic system in anticonvulsant effect of lithium, we used a model of clonic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male NMRI mice. Injection of a single effective dose of lithium chloride (30mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the seizure threshold (p<0.01). The anticonvulsant effect of an effective dose of lithium was prevented by pre-treatment with low and per se non-effective dose of clonidine [α2-adrenoceptor agonist] (0.05, 0.1 and 0.25mg/kg). On the other hand, yohimbine [α2-adrenoceptor antagonist] augmented the anticonvulsant effect of sub-effective dose of lithium (10mg/kgi.p.) at relatively low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2.5mg/kg). Moreover, UK14304 [a potent and selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist] (0.05 and 0.1mg/kg) and RX821008 [a potent and selective α2D-adrenoceptor antagonist] (0.05, 0.1 and 0.25mg/kg) repeated the same results confirming that these modulatory effects are conducted specifically through the α2D-adrenoceptors. In summary, our findings demonstrated that α2-adrenoceptor pathway could be involved in the anticonvulsant properties of lithium chloride in the model of chemically induced clonic seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Payandemehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Bahremand
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi Nasrabady
- Motor Neuron Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Bahremand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran" to the Ahmad reza Dehpour.
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