1
|
Costa AR, Tavares I, Martins I. How do opioids control pain circuits in the brainstem during opioid-induced disorders and in chronic pain? Implications for the treatment of chronic pain. Pain 2024; 165:324-336. [PMID: 37578500 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brainstem areas involved in descending pain modulation are crucial for the analgesic actions of opioids. However, the role of opioids in these areas during tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), and in chronic pain settings remains underappreciated. We conducted a revision of the recent studies performed in the main brainstem areas devoted to descending pain modulation with a special focus on the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt), as a distinctive pain facilitatory area and a key player in the diffuse noxious inhibitory control paradigm. We show that maladaptive processes within the signaling of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), which entail desensitization and a switch to excitatory signaling, occur in the brainstem, contributing to tolerance and OIH. In the context of chronic pain, the alterations found are complex and depend on the area and model of chronic pain. For example, the downregulation of MOR and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) in some areas, including the DRt, during neuropathic pain likely contributes to the inefficacy of opioids. However, the upregulation of MOR and DOR, at the rostral ventromedial medulla, in inflammatory pain models, suggests therapeutic avenues to explore. Mechanistically, the rationale for the diversity and complexity of alterations in the brainstem is likely provided by the alternative splicing of opioid receptors and the heteromerization of MOR. In conclusion, this review emphasizes how important it is to consider the effects of opioids at these circuits when using opioids for the treatment of chronic pain and for the development of safer and effective opioids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Isabel Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong D, Zhang Y, Gao P, Pan C, Deng H, Xu S, Tang D, Xiao J, Jiao Y, Yu W, Wen D. The locus coeruleus input to the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates stress-induced colorectal visceral pain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:65. [PMID: 37062831 PMCID: PMC10108465 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike physiological stress, which carries survival value, pathological stress is widespread in modern society and acts as a main risk factor for visceral pain. As the main stress-responsive nucleus in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) has been previously shown to drive pain alleviation through direct descending projections to the spinal cord, but whether and how the LC mediates pathological stress-induced visceral pain remains unclear. Here, we identified a direct circuit projection from LC noradrenergic neurons to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), an integral relay of the central descending pain modulation system. Furthermore, the chemogenetic activation of the LC-RVM circuit was found to significantly induce colorectal visceral hyperalgesia and anxiety-related psychiatric disorders in naïve mice. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced visceral pain model, the mice also presented colorectal visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-related psychiatric disorders, which were associated with increased activity of the LC-RVM circuit; LC-RVM circuit inhibition markedly alleviated these symptoms. Furthermore, the chronic restraint stress (CRS) model precipitates anxiety-related psychiatric disorders and induces colorectal visceral hyperalgesia, which is referred to as pathological stress-induced hyperalgesia, and inhibiting the LC-RVM circuit attenuates the severity of colorectal visceral pain. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrated that the LC-RVM circuit could be critical for the comorbidity of colorectal visceral pain and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Both visceral inflammation and psychological stress can activate LC noradrenergic neurons, which promote the severity of colorectal visceral hyperalgesia through this LC-RVM circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexu Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Po Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Saihong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daxiang Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farahani F, Pachenari N, Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani S, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Acute morphine injection persistently affects the electrophysiological characteristics of rat locus coeruleus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137048. [PMID: 36603738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Administration of morphine is associated with critical complications in clinic which primarily includes the development of dependence and tolerance even following a single dose (acute) exposure. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies support the significant role of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in tolerance and dependence following chronic morphine exposure. The current study was designed to explore the electrophysiological properties of the LC neurons following acute morphine exposure. In-vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in LC neurons 24 h after intraperitoneal morphine injection. Acute morphine injection significantly decreased the spontaneous firing rate of LC neurons, the rising and decay slopes of action potentials, and consequently increased the action potential duration. In addition, morphine treatment did not alter the rheobase current and first spike latency while affected the inhibitory postsynaptic currents elicited in response to orexin-A. In fact, single morphine exposure could inhibit the disinhibitory effect of orexin-A on LC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Pachenari
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Deparment of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donertas-Ayaz B, Caudle RM. Locus coeruleus-noradrenergic modulation of trigeminal pain: Implications for trigeminal neuralgia and psychiatric comorbidities. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100124. [PMID: 36974102 PMCID: PMC10038791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common neuropathic pain involving the craniofacial region. Due to the complex pathophysiology, it is therapeutically difficult to manage. Noradrenaline plays an essential role in the modulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function, stress, and pain. The locus coeruleus, the largest source of noradrenaline in the brain, is involved in the sensory and emotional processing of pain. This review summarizes the knowledge about the involvement of noradrenaline in acute and chronic trigeminal pain conditions and how the activity of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons changes in response to acute and chronic pain conditions and how these changes might be involved in pain-related comorbidities including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M. Caudle
- Corresponding author at: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida College of Dentistry, PO Box 100416, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bravo L, Mariscal P, Llorca-Torralba M, López-Cepero JM, Nacher J, Berrocoso E. Altered expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the locus coeruleus of nerve-injured rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:918321. [PMID: 35966012 PMCID: PMC9363707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.918321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic condition provoked by a lesion in the nervous system and it induces functional alterations to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), affecting distinct dimensions of pain, like sensorial hypersensitivity, pain-induced depression, and anxiety. However, the neurobiological changes induced by nerve damage in the LC remain unclear. Here, we analyzed excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the LC, as well as the possible damage that noradrenergic neurons suffer after the induction of neuropathic pain through chronic constriction injury (CCI). Neuropathic pain was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 or 2 (VGLUT1 or VGLUT2), vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) was analyzed by immunofluorescence 7 (CCI7d) or 28 days after the original lesion (CCI28d). While no significant differences in the density of VGLUT1 puncta were evident, CCI7d induced a significant increase in the perisomatic VGLUT2/VGAT ratio relative to Sham-operated and CCI28d animals. By contrast, when the entire region of LC is evaluated, there was a significant reduction in the density of VGLUT2 puncta in CCI28d animals, without changes in VGLUT2/VGAT ratio relative to the CCI7d animals. Additionally, changes in the noradrenergic soma size, and a lower density of mitochondria and lysosomes were evident in CCI28d animals. Interestingly, enhanced expression of the apoptotic marker CC3 was also evident in the CCI28d rats, mainly co-localizing with glial fibrillary acidic protein but not with any neuronal or noradrenergic marker. Overall, short-term pain appears to lead to an increase of markers of excitatory synapses in the perisomatic region of noradrenergic cells in the LC, an effect that is lost after long-term pain, which appears to activate apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mariscal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose María López-Cepero
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nerve injury induces transient locus coeruleus activation over time: role of the locus coeruleus-dorsal reticular nucleus pathway. Pain 2022; 163:943-954. [PMID: 35025190 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The transition from acute to chronic pain results in maladaptive brain remodeling, as characterized by sensorial hypersensitivity and the ensuing appearance of emotional disorders. Using the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve as a model of neuropathic pain in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we identified time-dependent plasticity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons related to the site of injury, ipsilateral (LCipsi) or contralateral (LCcontra) to the lesion, hypothesizing that the LC→dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) pathway is involved in the pathological nociception associated with chronic pain. LCipsi inactivation with lidocaine increased cold allodynia 2 days after nerve injury but not later. However, similar blockade of LCcontra reduced cold allodynia 7 and 30 days after inducing neuropathy but not earlier. Furthermore, lidocaine blockade of the LCipsi or LCcontra reversed pain-induced depression 30 days after neuropathy. Long-term pain enhances phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein expression in the DRtcontra but not in the DRtipsi. Moreover, inactivation of the LCcontra→DRtcontra pathway using dual viral-mediated gene transfer of designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs produced consistent analgesia in evoked and spontaneous pain 30 days postinjury. This analgesia was similar to that produced by spinal activation of α2-adrenoreceptors. Furthermore, chemogenetic inactivation of the LCcontra→DRtcontra pathway induced depressive-like behaviour in naïve animals, but it did not modify long-term pain-induced depression. Overall, nerve damage activates the LCipsi, which temporally dampens the neuropathic phenotype. However, the ensuing activation of a LCcontra→DRtcontra facilitatory pain projection contributes to chronic pain, whereas global bilateral LC activation contributes to associated depressive-like phenotype.
Collapse
|
7
|
Noradrenergic innervations of the medial prefrontal cortex mediate empathy for pain in rats via the α1 and β receptors. Behav Brain Res 2022; 426:113828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
8
|
Rossi GC, Bodnar RJ. Interactive Mechanisms of Supraspinal Sites of Opioid Analgesic Action: A Festschrift to Dr. Gavril W. Pasternak. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:863-897. [PMID: 32970288 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost a half century of research has elaborated the discoveries of the central mechanisms governing the analgesic responses of opiates, including their receptors, endogenous peptides, genes and their putative spinal and supraspinal sites of action. One of the central tenets of "gate-control theories of pain" was the activation of descending supraspinal sites by opiate drugs and opioid peptides thereby controlling further noxious input. This review in the Special Issue dedicated to the research of Dr. Gavril Pasternak indicates his contributions to the understanding of supraspinal mediation of opioid analgesic action within the context of the large body of work over this period. This review will examine (a) the relevant supraspinal sites mediating opioid analgesia, (b) the opioid receptor subtypes and opioid peptides involved, (c) supraspinal site analgesic interactions and their underlying neurophysiology, (d) molecular (particularly AS) tools identifying opioid receptor actions, and (e) relevant physiological variables affecting site-specific opioid analgesia. This review will build on classic initial studies, specify the contributions that Gavril Pasternak and his colleagues did in this specific area, and follow through with studies up to the present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Rossi
- Department of Psychology, C.W. Post College, Long Island University, Post Campus, Brookville, NY, USA.
| | - Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farahani F, Azizi H, Janahmadi M, Seutin V, Semnanian S. Formalin-induced inflammatory pain increases excitability in locus coeruleus neurons. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:52-60. [PMID: 33836239 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is recognized as an important problem in communities. The locus coeruleus (LC) with extensive ascending and descending projections has a critical role in modulating pain. Some studies indicate how the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system can remain more active after nociceptive stimulation. In the present study, we examined whether formalin-induced inflammatory pain may affect the electrophysiological properties of LC neurons after 24 h. Inflammatory pain was induced by a subcutaneous injection of 2% formalin (10 μL) into the hind paw of 2-3 week-old male Wistar rats. After 24 h, horizontal slices of brain stem containing the locus coeruleus were prepared and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were carried out on LC neurons. Findings revealed that LC neurons from formalin injected rats had a significant enhancement in firing rate, half-width and instantaneous frequency of action potentials, but their resting membrane potential, input resistance and afterhyperpolarization amplitude almost remained unchanged. In addition, action potential peak amplitude, maximum rise slope, maximum decay slope, first spike latency and rheobase current significantly decreased in LC neurons obtained from formalin-treated rats. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that inflammatory pain after 24 h induces hyperexcitability in LC neurons, which in turn may result in changes in noradrenaline release and pain processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vincent Seutin
- Neurophysiology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alba-Delgado C, Mico JA, Berrocoso E. Neuropathic pain increases spontaneous and noxious-evoked activity of locus coeruleus neurons. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110121. [PMID: 33007320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus nucleus is an important station in both the ascending and descending pain regulatory pathways. These neurons discharge in tonic and phasic modes in response to sensory stimuli. However, few studies have set out to characterize the electrophysiological response of the locus coeruleus to noxious stimuli in conditions of neuropathic pain. Thus, the effects of mechanical nociceptive stimulation of the sciatic nerve area on spontaneous (tonic) and sensory-evoked (phasic) locus coeruleus discharge were studied by extracellular recording in anesthetized rats seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days after chronic constriction injury. Minor significant electrophysiological changes were found seven and fourteen days after nerve injury. However, alterations to the spontaneous activity in both the ipsilateral and contralateral locus coeruleus were found twenty-eight days after nerve constriction, as witnessed by an increase of burst firing incidence and irregular firing patterns. Furthermore, noxious-evoked responses were exacerbated in the contralateral and ipsilateral nucleus at twenty-eight days after injury, as were the responses evoked when stimulating the uninjured paw. In addition, mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw produced a significant sensitization of neuronal tonic activity after 28 days of neuropathy. In summary, long-term nerve injury led to higher spontaneous activity and exacerbated noxious-evoked responses in the locus coeruleus to stimulation of nerve-injured and even uninjured hindpaws, coinciding temporally with the development of depressive and anxiogenic-like behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Antonio Mico
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chronic pain impact on rodents’ behavioral repertoire. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:101-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Fonseca-Rodrigues D, Amorim D, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Emotional and cognitive impairments in the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113008. [PMID: 33171146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emotional and cognitive impairments are common comorbidities of chronic neuropathic pain that significantly impact the quality of life of patients. While the nociceptive components of the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) animal model have been extensively analyzed, data related to the development of mood and cognitive disorders, and especially its impact on female rats remains fragmented. We systematically reviewed the literature analyzing the methods used to induce and evaluate the development of emotional- and cognitive-like impairments and sex-specific differences in the CCI model. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science from inception to September 30th, 2019, and a total of 44 papers were considered eligible for inclusion. We included animal studies assessing nociception, locomotion, anxious-like, depressive-like and cognitive behaviours after the CCI induction. RESULTS The overall quality of the studies was considered moderate to high. Overall, the induction of CCI leads to the development of emotional impairments, namely anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as cognitive impairments. With the majority of the studies using male subjects, the lack of evidence on female animals prevents the evaluation of sex-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the development of an anxiodepressive-like phenotype, associated with cognitive impairments, in CCI-induced animals. These results support the use of this animal model for the study of the mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, as well as a screening tool for the development/repurposing of drugs that tackle both the neuropathy-induced nociceptive and emotional impairments, such as tricyclic antidepressants. Importantly, our review also highlights the need for studies performed in female rodents as these are almost non-existent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saffarpour S, Nasirinezhad F. The CA1 hippocampal serotonin alterations involved in anxiety-like behavior induced by sciatic nerve injury in rats. Scand J Pain 2020; 21:135-144. [PMID: 32892185 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several clinical and experimental studies reported the anxiety as one of the neuropathic pain comorbidities; however, the mechanisms involved in this comorbidity are incompletely cleared. The current study investigated the consequence of pain induced by peripheral neuropathy on the serotonin (5-HT) level of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is known as a potential reason, for anxiety associated with neuropathic pain. METHODS In this manner, 72 male rats were inconstantly subdivided into three experimental groups as follows: control, sham, and chronic constriction injury (CCI). Neuropathic pain was initiated by the CCI of the sciatic nerve, and then, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the von Frey filaments, radiant heat, open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM) respectively. To investigate the probable mechanisms, the in vivo extracellular levels of 5-HT were assessed by microdialysis and using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the CA1 region of hippocampus on days 16 and 30 post-CCI. RESULTS Our data suggested that CCI caused anxiety-like behavior in OFT and EPM test. 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus significantly (F=43.8, p=0.000) reduced in CCI rats, when the pain threshold was minimum. Nevertheless, these alterations reversed while the pain threshold innate increased. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathic pain, initiated by constriction of the sciatic nerve can induce anxiety-like behavior in rats. This effect accompanies the reduction in 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. When the pain spontaneously alleviated, 5-HT level increased and anxiety-like behavior relieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saffarpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiological Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bravo L, Llorca-Torralba M, Suárez-Pereira I, Berrocoso E. Pain in neuropsychiatry: Insights from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:96-115. [PMID: 32437745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pain is the most common symptom reported in clinical practice, meaning that it is associated with many pathologies as either the origin or a consequence of other illnesses. Furthermore, pain is a complex emotional and sensorial experience, as the correspondence between pain and body damage varies considerably. While these issues are widely acknowledged in clinical pain research, until recently they have not been extensively considered when exploring animal models, important tools for understanding pain pathophysiology. Interestingly, chronic pain is currently considered a risk factor to suffer psychiatric disorders, mainly stress-related disorders like anxiety and depression. Conversely, pain appears to be altered in many psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. Thus, pain and psychiatric disorders have been linked in epidemiological and clinical terms, although the neurobiological mechanisms involved in this pathological bidirectional relationship remain unclear. Here we review the evidence obtained from animal models about the co-morbidity of pain and psychiatric disorders, placing special emphasis on the different dimensions of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Suárez-Pereira
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cazuza RA, Santos-Júnior NN, da Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Mendes-Gomes J, da Rocha MJA, Leite-Panissi CRA. Sepsis-induced encephalopathy impairs descending nociceptive pathways in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 342:577198. [PMID: 32120082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a significant problem in patients with sepsis, and it is associated with a decrease in cognitive and sensitivity capability induced by systemic inflammation. SAE is implicated in reversible brain damage of several regions related to cognition, emotion, and sensation; however, it is not well established if it could affect brain regions associated with nociceptive modulation. Here were evaluated the nociceptive thresholds in rats with systemic inflammation induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). After 24 h of CLP, it was observed an increase in nociceptive threshold in all tests. Periaqueductal gray, rostroventral medulla, critical regions for descending nociceptive modulation, were evaluated and showed enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as glial activation. These results suggest that systemic inflammation could compromise descending facilitatory pathways, impairing nociceptive sensory functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alves Cazuza
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Júnior
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil; UNIFADRA-FUNDEC Medical School, Dracena 17900-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves da Rocha
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kremer M, Becker LJ, Barrot M, Yalcin I. How to study anxiety and depression in rodent models of chronic pain? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:236-270. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Léa J. Becker
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Llorca-Torralba M, Suárez-Pereira I, Bravo L, Camarena-Delgado C, Garcia-Partida JA, Mico JA, Berrocoso E. Chemogenetic Silencing of the Locus Coeruleus-Basolateral Amygdala Pathway Abolishes Pain-Induced Anxiety and Enhanced Aversive Learning in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:1021-1035. [PMID: 30987747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain affects both sensory and emotional aversive responses, often provoking anxiety-related diseases when chronic. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the interactions between anxiety and chronic pain remain unclear. METHODS We characterized the sensory, emotional, and cognitive consequences of neuropathic pain (chronic constriction injury) in a rat model. Moreover, we determined the role of the locus coeruleus (LC) neurons that project to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) using a DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs). RESULTS Chronic constriction injury led to sensorial hypersensitivity in both the short term and long term. Otherwise, long-term pain led to an anxiety-like profile (in the elevated zero maze and open field tests), as well as increased responses to learn aversive situations (in the passive avoidance and fear conditioning tests) and an impairment of nonemotional cognitive tasks (in the novel object recognition and object pattern of separation tests). Chemogenetic blockade of the LC-BLA pathway and intra-BLA or systemic antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors abolished both long-term pain-induced anxiety and enhanced fear learning. By contrast, chemogenetic activation of this pathway induced anxiety-like behaviors and enhanced the aversive learning and memory index in sham animals, although it had little effect on short- and long-term chronic constriction injury animals. Interestingly, modulation of LC-BLA activity did not modify sensorial perception or episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that dimensions associated with pain are processed by independent pathways and that there is an overactivation of the LC-BLA pathway when anxiety and chronic pain are comorbid, which involves the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irene Suárez-Pereira
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Camarena-Delgado
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Foundation of Cadiz, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Garcia-Partida
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Mico
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Foundation of Cadiz, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Costa FV, Rosa LV, Quadros VA, Santos AR, Kalueff AV, Rosemberg DB. Understanding nociception-related phenotypes in adult zebrafish: Behavioral and pharmacological characterization using a new acetic acid model. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:570-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Llorca-Torralba M, Pilar-Cuéllar F, Bravo L, Bruzos-Cidon C, Torrecilla M, Mico JA, Ugedo L, Garro-Martínez E, Berrocoso E. Opioid Activity in the Locus Coeruleus Is Modulated by Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4135-4150. [PMID: 30284123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain affects both sensory and emotional aversive responses, often provoking depression and anxiety-related conditions when it becomes chronic. As the opioid receptors in the locus coeruleus (LC) have been implicated in pain, stress responses, and opioid drug effects, we explored the modifications to LC opioid neurotransmission in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of short- and long-term neuropathic pain (7 and 30 days after nerve injury). No significant changes were found after short-term CCI, yet after 30 days, CCI provoked an up-regulation of cAMP (cyclic 5'-adenosine monophosphate), pCREB (phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein), protein kinase A, tyrosine hydroxylase, and electrical activity in the LC, as well as enhanced c-Fos expression. Acute mu opioid receptor desensitization was more intense in these animals, measured as the decline of the peak current caused by [Met5]-enkephalin and the reduction of forskolin-stimulated cAMP produced in response to DAMGO. Sustained morphine treatment did not markedly modify certain LC parameters in CCI-30d animals, such as [Met5]-enkephalin-induced potassium outward currents or burst activity and c-Fos rebound after naloxone precipitation, which may limit the development of some typical opioid drug-related adaptations. However, other phenomena were impaired by long-term CCI, including the reduction in forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation by DAMGO after naloxone precipitation in morphine dependent animals. Overall, this study suggests that long-term CCI leads to changes at the LC level that may contribute to the anxiodepressive phenotype that develops in these animals. Furthermore, opioid drugs produce complex adaptations in the LC in this model of chronic neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN), Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bruzos-Cidon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan A Mico
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Emilio Garro-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN), Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|