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Karakılıç E, Alım Z, Günel A, Baran A. A versatile study of novel A3B-type unsymmetric zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing thiazolidin-4-one: Their, carbonic anhydrase I, II isoenzymes, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Matshitse R, Nwaji N, Managa M, Chen ZL, Nyokong T. Photodynamic therapy characteristics of phthalocyanines in the presence of boron doped detonation nanodiamonds: Effect of symmetry and charge. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102705. [PMID: 34954389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysicochemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine: 1 (asymmetrically substituted and composed of no charges), 2 (asymmetrically substituted and composed of three positive charges), and 3 (symmetrically substituted and composed of four positive charges), are presented. The triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields were highest for complex 2 showing the importance of asymmetry and charge. The complexes are covalently and non-covalently linked to B doped detonation nanodiamonds (B@DNDs) to yield nanohybrids (B@DNDs-1, B@DNDs-2, B@DNDs-3). The presence of B@DNDs, asymmetry and positive charge resulted in improved PDT with the lowest cell viability being observed for B@DNDs-2 at 5%. The cell viability ranged from 5 to 7% for the nanohybrids compared to 19 to 26% for Pcs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refilwe Matshitse
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Muthumuni Managa
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
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Immobilized TiO2/ZnO Sensitized Copper (II) Phthalocyanine Heterostructure for the Degradation of Ibuprofen under UV Irradiation. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic coatings of TiO2/ZnO/CuPc were developed on stainless steel substrates by subsequent sol gel dip coating for TiO2, spray pyrolysis for ZnO, and spin coating for copper (ii) phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposition. The latter compound was successfully prepared using a Schiff-based process. The materials and coatings developed were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with attached energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) spectroscopy, H1-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, C13-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The as-deposited TiO2/ZnO/CuPc on stainless steel retained in pristine state the structural and morphological/spectroscopic characteristics of its respective components. Estimated energy band gap values were 3.22 eV, 3.19 eV, 3.19 eV for TiO2, ZnO, TiO2/ZnO respectively and 1.60 eV, 2.44 eV, and 2.92 eV for CuPc. The photocatalytic efficiency of the fabricated TiO2/ZnO/CuPc coatings was tested toward ibuprofen (IBF). After 4 h irradiation under 365 nm UV, an increased degradation of about 80% was achieved over an initial 5 mg/L ibuprofen (IBF). This was much higher compared to about 42% and 18% IBF degradation by TiO2/ZnO and TiO2 thin film, respectively. In all cases, the stability of the best-performing photocatalyst was investigated showing a small decline to 77% of IBF degradation after the 5th cycle run. The effect of pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe, shed light on a possible catalytic mechanism that was suggested.
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Nassiri M, Jalili Milani F. Simple, novel, and efficient synthesis of ethyl 2-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)-2-cyanoacetate or acetate via a three-component reaction. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820952018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl 2-(2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)benzo[ d]thiazol-3(2 H)-yl)-2-cyanoacetate or acetate 6a–f as a series of novel compounds were synthesized from the reactions of benzothiazole, 2-methylbenzothiazole, or 2,5-dimethylbenzothiazole and ethyl bromocyanoacetate with indole derivatives. The reactions proceeded in acetone as a solvent under reflux for 5 h in good yields. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, elemental analyses, and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Nassiri
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Forough Jalili Milani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences, Chabahar, Iran
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Nnaji N, Nwaji N, Fomo G, Mack J, Nyokong T. Inhibition of Aluminium Corrosion Using Benzothiazole and Its Phthalocyanine Derivative. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-019-00538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effect of gold nanoparticle shape on the photophysicochemical properties of sulphur containing metallophthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dube E, Oluwole DO, Njemuwa N, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Photophysicochemical and photodynamic therapy properties of metallophthalocyanines linked to gold speckled silica nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:325-333. [PMID: 30658105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the linkage of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24) tetrakis [(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy) phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (1) and indium(III) chloride (2) to gold speckled silica (GSS) nanoparticles via gold to sulphur (Au-S) and gold to nitrogen (Au-N) self-assembly to form the conjugates: 1-GSS and 2-GSS. The formed conjugates were characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, and the photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) were studied. The conjugates afforded decrease in fluorescence quantum yields with corresponding increase in triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields when compared to phthalocyanines alone. Singlet oxygen is cytotoxic to cancer cells hence it is important for PDT. The in vitro dark toxicity of complex 2 and 2-GSS against MCF-7 cells showed ≥93% viable cells within concentration ranges of 10-160 μg/mL. 2-GSS showed enhanced PDT activity with less than 50% viable cells at 80 μg/mL as compared to 2 and GSS alone which showed >60% viable cells within 10-160 μg/mL. The observed improvements in the PDT activity of 2-GSS could be attributed to the high singlet oxygen generation of 2-GSS compared to 2 alone in addition to the phototoxicity of GSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, South Africa
| | - David O Oluwole
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, South Africa
| | - Nwaji Njemuwa
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, South Africa.
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Matshitse R, Nwaji N, Mananga M, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Effect of number of positive charges on the photophysical and photodynamic therapy activities of quarternary benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dube E, Nwaji N, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photophysicochemical behavior of symmetric and asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines, surface assembled onto gold nanotriangles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel asymmetric ZnPc, (4-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-2,10,17-tris(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)zinc(ii), complex3, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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Nwaji N, Bankole OM, Britton J, Nyokong T. Photophysical and nonlinear optical study of benzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines in solution and thin films. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the photophysical, nonlinear absorption and nonlinear optical limiting properties of zinc and gallium phthalocyanine complexes: tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (3), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato] gallium(III) chloride (4), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (5), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)phthalocyaninato] gallium(III) chloride (6), were investigated both in solution and when embedded in polystyrene thin films using 532 nm laser excitation at 10 ns pulses. It was also observed that complexes that have higher triplet state absorption also possessed enhanced nonlinear and optical limiting behavior. Superior optical performance was observed when the complexes were embedded in thin films compared to when they are in solution. Complex 6 in thin films gave the highest imaginary third-order susceptibility (I[Formula: see text][X[Formula: see text]]) and hyperpolarizability ([Formula: see text] at 4.61 × 10[Formula: see text] esu and 3.44 × 10[Formula: see text] esu, respectively, with a low I[Formula: see text] value of 0.06 J.cm[Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Owolabi M. Bankole
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-benzothiazole substituted metal-free zinc (II) and lead (II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of photophysical and photochemical properties. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Değirmencioğlu İ, Er M, Bayrak R, Özkaya AR. Redox-Switchable New Phthalocyanines Containing Hydrazono-Thiazole-Carboxylate Fragments: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical and Electrocolorimetric Investigation. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:869-881. [PMID: 28083807 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-2023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New phthalonitrile compound with Schiff base, carbothioamide and thiazole moieties as substituents and its corresponding metal-free and metallophthalocyanines (Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II)) were synthesized and characterized for the first time. The solubilities of these novel phthalocyanines were high in organic solvents. The redox properties of the compounds have been researched by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, controlled-potential coulometry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry in dimethylsulfoxide. The compounds displayed metal and/or phthalocyanine ring-based, generally reversible or quasi-reversible reduction and oxidation processes. The effect of aggregation on the redox behavior of these complexes was also discussed. In general, decreased intensity and broadening in the main Q absorption band and the appearance of a new blue-shifted band confirmed the presence of H-type aggregates in the solutions of the complexes 4, 6 and 8 in DMSO/TBAP. The color changes associated with the redox processes and electrogenerated anionic and cationic redox species were also recorded with in situ electrocolorimetric measurements. In situ UV-vis spectral and associated color changes monitored during the reduction processes of the complexes suggested their applicability in the fields of the electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Değirmencioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Er
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, 78050, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Rıza Bayrak
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Özkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 37222 Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nečedová M, Magdolen P, Novakova V, Cigáň M, Vlčková S, Zahradník P, Fülöpová A. Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Study of Thiazole-Annelated Phthalocyanines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nas A, Dilber G, Durmuş M, Kantekin H. The influence of the various central metals on photophysical and photochemical properties of benzothiazole-substituted phthalocyanines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:55-62. [PMID: 25062049 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, fluorescence quenching studies by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ)) and photochemical (singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodegradation studies under light irradiation) properties of tetra-benzothiazole substituted metal-free (H2Pc, 1), lead (II) (PbPc, 2) and zinc(II) (ZnPc, 3) phthalocyanine compounds were investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. All of these compounds did not show any aggregation and they produced good singlet oxygen (especially ZnPc). The influence of the various central metal ions (zinc, lead or without metal) on the photophysical and photochemical parameters was also investigated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Nas
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülsev Dilber
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Halit Kantekin
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
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Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties of zinc phthalocyanine derivatized with benzothiazole or carbazole photosensitizers. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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