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Magadla A, Mpeta LS, Britton J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities of phthalocyanine-antibiotic conjugates against bacterial biofilms and interactions with extracellular polymeric substances. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103878. [PMID: 37918559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study sheds light on how to rationally design efficient photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) agents by covalently linking phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers with an antibiotic: Ciprofloxacin (CIP). Pcs used are zinc (II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(Benzo(d)thiazol-2-yl] thiol) phthalocyanine-9-yl) oxy) phenyl) propanoic acid (1) and zinc (II) 3-(4-(3,17,23-tris(3-(4-(triphenylphosphine) butyl) benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium bromide phthalocyanine-9-yl) oxy) phenyl) propanoic acid (2). High singlet oxygen quantum yields are observed in the presence of CIP. Square wave voltammetry was used to analyse the Pc-CIP uptake by bacteria biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron spectroscopy were used to study the stability of the biofilms in the presence Pc-CIP complexes and when exposed to light. Raman and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) are used to identify the breakdown of cellular components of the biofilm and penetration of the Pc-CIP into the biofilms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviwe Magadla
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Lekhetho S Mpeta
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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Gandidzanwa S, Beukes N, Joseph SV, Janse Van Vuuren A, Mashazi P, Britton J, Kilian G, Roux S, Nyokong T, Lee ME, Frost CL, Tshentu ZR. The development of folate-functionalised palladium nanoparticles for folate receptor targeting in breast cancer cells. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:465705. [PMID: 37527629 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acec52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptor-targeted therapy has excellent prospects for the treatment of breast cancer. A non-toxic concentration of folate-conjugated palladium-based nanoparticles was used to target the overexpressed folate receptor on breast cancer cells. The folate-conjugated nanoparticles were tailored to accumulate selectively in cancer cells relative to normal cells via the folate receptor. The MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, and MCF-10A normal cell lines were used in the study. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of nanoparticle cellular uptake and accumulation was conducted using transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The findings proved that folate-conjugated palladium nanoparticles successfully and preferentially accumulated in breast cancer cells. We conclude that folate-conjugated palladium nanoparticles can be potentially used to target breast cancer cells for radiopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Sinelizwi V Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Arno Janse Van Vuuren
- Center for High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Philani Mashazi
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Gareth Kilian
- Department of Pharmacy, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Saartjie Roux
- Department of Human Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Michael E Lee
- Center for High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
| | - Zenixole R Tshentu
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa
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Roaldsen MB, Eltoft A, Wilsgaard T, Christensen H, Engelter ST, Indredavik B, Jatužis D, Karelis G, Kõrv J, Lundström E, Petersson J, Putaala J, Søyland MH, Tveiten A, Bivard A, Johnsen SH, Mazya MV, Werring DJ, Wu TY, De Marchis GM, Robinson TG, Mathiesen EB, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C, Christensen L, Ægidius K, Pihl T, Fassel-Larsen C, Wassvik L, Folke M, Rosenbaum S, Gharehbagh SS, Hansen A, Preisler N, Antsov K, Mallene S, Lill M, Herodes M, Vibo R, Rakitin A, Saarinen J, Tiainen M, Tumpula O, Noppari T, Raty S, Sibolt G, Nieminen J, Niederhauser J, Haritoncenko I, Puustinen J, Haula TM, Sipilä J, Viesulaite B, Taroza S, Rastenyte D, Matijosaitis V, Vilionskis A, Masiliunas R, Ekkert A, Chmeliauskas P, Lukosaitis V, Reichenbach A, Moss TT, Nilsen HY, Hammer-Berntzen R, Nordby LM, Weiby TA, Nordengen K, Ihle-Hansen H, Stankiewiecz M, Grotle O, Nes M, Thiemann K, Særvold IM, Fraas M, Størdahl S, Horn JW, Hildrum H, Myrstad C, Tobro H, Tunvold JA, Jacobsen O, Aamodt N, Baisa H, Malmberg VN, Rohweder G, Ellekjær H, Ildstad F, Egstad E, Helleberg BH, Berg HH, Jørgensen J, Tronvik E, Shirzadi M, Solhoff R, Van Lessen R, Vatne A, Forselv K, Frøyshov H, Fjeldstad MS, Tangen L, Matapour S, Kindberg K, Johannessen C, Rist M, Mathisen I, Nyrnes T, Haavik A, Toverud G, Aakvik K, Larsson M, Ytrehus K, Ingebrigtsen S, Stokmo T, Helander C, Larsen IC, Solberg TO, Seljeseth YM, Maini S, Bersås I, Mathé J, Rooth E, Laska AC, Rudberg AS, Esbjörnsson M, Andler F, Ericsson A, Wickberg O, Karlsson JE, Redfors P, Jood K, Buchwald F, Mansson K, Gråhamn O, Sjölin K, Lindvall E, Cidh Å, Tolf A, Fasth O, Hedström B, Fladt J, Dittrich TD, Kriemler L, Hannon N, Amis E, Finlay S, Mitchell-Douglas J, McGee J, Davies R, Johnson V, Nair A, Robinson M, Greig J, Halse O, Wilding P, Mashate S, Chatterjee K, Martin M, Leason S, Roberts J, Dutta D, Ward D, Rayessa R, Clarkson E, Teo J, Ho C, Conway S, Aissa M, Papavasileiou V, Fry S, Waugh D, Britton J, Hassan A, Manning L, Khan S, Asaipillai A, Fornolles C, Tate ML, Chenna S, Anjum T, Karunatilake D, Foot J, VanPelt L, Shetty A, Wilkes G, Buck A, Jackson B, Fleming L, Carpenter M, Jackson L, Needle A, Zahoor T, Duraisami T, Northcott K, Kubie J, Bowring A, Keenan S, Mackle D, England T, Rushton B, Hedstrom A, Amlani S, Evans R, Muddegowda G, Remegoso A, Ferdinand P, Varquez R, Davis M, Elkin E, Seal R, Fawcett M, Gradwell C, Travers C, Atkinson B, Woodward S, Giraldo L, Byers J, Cheripelli B, Lee S, Marigold R, Smith S, Zhang L, Ghatala R, Sim CH, Ghani U, Yates K, Obarey S, Willmot M, Ahlquist K, Bates M, Rashed K, Board S, Andsberg G, Sundayi S, Garside M, Macleod MJ, Manoj A, Hopper O, Cederin B, Toomsoo T, Gross-Paju K, Tapiola T, Kestutis J, Amthor KF, Heermann B, Ottesen V, Melum TA, Kurz M, Parsons M, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C. Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in patients with wake-up stroke assessed by non-contrast CT (TWIST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:117-126. [PMID: 36549308 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence supports the use of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with wake-up stroke selected with MRI or perfusion imaging and is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, access to advanced imaging techniques is often scarce. We aimed to determine whether thrombolytic treatment with intravenous tenecteplase given within 4·5 h of awakening improves functional outcome in patients with ischaemic wake-up stroke selected using non-contrast CT. METHODS TWIST was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment, conducted at 77 hospitals in ten countries. We included patients aged 18 years or older with acute ischaemic stroke symptoms upon awakening, limb weakness, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 3 or higher or aphasia, a non-contrast CT examination of the head, and the ability to receive tenecteplase within 4·5 h of awakening. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a single intravenous bolus of tenecteplase 0·25 mg per kg of bodyweight (maximum 25 mg) or control (no thrombolysis) using a central, web-based, computer-generated randomisation schedule. Trained research personnel, who conducted telephone interviews at 90 days (follow-up), were masked to treatment allocation. Clinical assessments were performed on day 1 (at baseline) and day 7 of hospital admission (or at discharge, whichever occurred first). The primary outcome was functional outcome assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and analysed using ordinal logistic regression in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with EudraCT (2014-000096-80), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03181360), and ISRCTN (10601890). FINDINGS From June 12, 2017, to Sept 30, 2021, 578 of the required 600 patients were enrolled (288 randomly assigned to the tenecteplase group and 290 to the control group [intention-to-treat population]). The median age of participants was 73·7 years (IQR 65·9-81·1). 332 (57%) of 578 participants were male and 246 (43%) were female. Treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome, according to mRS score at 90 days (adjusted OR 1·18, 95% CI 0·88-1·58; p=0·27). Mortality at 90 days did not significantly differ between treatment groups (28 [10%] patients in the tenecteplase group and 23 [8%] in the control group; adjusted HR 1·29, 95% CI 0·74-2·26; p=0·37). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred in six (2%) patients in the tenecteplase group versus three (1%) in the control group (adjusted OR 2·17, 95% CI 0·53-8·87; p=0·28), whereas any intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (11%) versus 30 (10%) patients (adjusted OR 1·14, 0·67-1·94; p=0·64). INTERPRETATION In patients with wake-up stroke selected with non-contrast CT, treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome at 90 days. The number of symptomatic haemorrhages and any intracranial haemorrhages in both treatment groups was similar to findings from previous trials of wake-up stroke patients selected using advanced imaging. Current evidence does not support treatment with tenecteplase in patients selected with non-contrast CT. FUNDING Norwegian Clinical Research Therapy in the Specialist Health Services Programme, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the British Heart Foundation, and the Norwegian National Association for Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda B Roaldsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Agnethe Eltoft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bent Indredavik
- Department of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dalius Jatužis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Center of Neurology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Guntis Karelis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Petersson
- Department of Neurology, Lund University, Institute for Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary-Helen Søyland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Arnstein Tveiten
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michael V Mazya
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Werring
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Teddy Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Murray R, Brain K, Britton J, Lewis S, Thorley R, Baldwin D, Quaife S, Chalitsios C, Alexandris P, Crosbie P, Copeland H, Quinn-Scoggins H, McCutchan G, Rogerson S, Parrott S, Wu Q, Gabe R, Neal R, Beeken R, Callister M. PL03.03 Personalised Smoking Cessation Support in a Lung Cancer Screening Programme: The Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking Study (YESS). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sindelo A, Britton J, Lanterna AE, Scaiano JC, Nyokong T. Decoration of glass wool with zinc (II) phthalocyanine for the photocatalytic transformation of methyl orange. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nene LC, Sindelo A, Britton J, Nyokong T. Effect of ultrasonic frequency and power on the sonodynamic therapy activity of cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111397. [PMID: 33611149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the sonodynamic activity of cationic phthalocyanines (Pcs) and the effect of the variation of two parameters: ultrasound frequency and power (Par I (1 MHz, 1 W cm-2), Par II (1 MHz, 2 W cm-2), Par III (3 MHz, 1 W cm-2) and Par IV (3 MHz, 2 W cm-2)) on the efficiency of their reactive oxygen species generation and cancer eradication in vitro thereof. Where Par stands for the various combinations of these parameters. Four Pcs were investigated with substituents bearing diethylamine, ortho- and para-pyridine and morpholine groups. Overall, the para-pyridine and morpholine Pcs showed substantial sono-activity in the various ultrasound parameters with Par I and IV generally showing better singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals generation confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In some cases, very high hydroxyl radicals' generation was observed at Par II. Furthermore, the fragmentation of the Pcs after Par II treatments was confirmed using UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The reactive species generation efficacy decreased at Par III for all samples. Ultrasound assisted cytotoxicity of the Pcs was confirmed in vitro using the human (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Azole Sindelo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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Mapukata S, Britton J, Osifeko OL, Nyokong T. The improved antibacterial efficiency of a zinc phthalocyanine when embedded on silver nanoparticle modified silica nanofibers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102100. [PMID: 33212269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the fabrication and modification of electrospun polymer free silica nanofibers (SiO2 NFs) with the aim of creating heterogeneous antibacterial catalysts. The optical and photophysical properties of the obtained NFs i.e. bare SiO2, Ag-SiO2, Pc-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs (Pc = phthalocyanine) were compared and reported. The singlet oxygen quantum yields of the Pc-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs were also quantified and found to be 0.08 and 0.12, respectively, in water. All the modified SiO2 NFs were found to possess photoactivity against S. aureus with the most effective being the Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs due to the synergy between the Pc and Ag nanoparticles. The bare SiO2 NFs do not exhibit any antibacterial activity while the Ag-SiO2 and Pc@Ag-SiO2 NFs were found to also exhibit dark toxicity. The generated photocatalysts are attractive because they are active against bacteria and they are easily retrievable post-application. The nanocatalysts reported herein are therefore feasible candidates for real-life antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivuyisiwe Mapukata
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Olawale L Osifeko
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
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Chindeka F, Mashazi P, Britton J, Oluwole DO, Mapukata S, Nyokong T. Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells based on push-pull asymmetrical substituted zinc and copper phthalocyanines and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Njoko N, Louzada M, Britton J, Khene S, Nyokong T, Mashazi P. Bioelectrocatalysis and surface analysis of gold coated with nickel oxide/hydroxide and glucose oxidase towards detection of glucose. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jankowski K, Ostafin A, Tomasik M, Nyokong T, Britton J. Growth of centimeter scale carbon wires using in-liquid AC arc discharge. SN Appl Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel observation of the formation of carbon wire in a carbon-based liquid solvent, using in liquid high voltage AC arc discharge is described. The authors describe the observed phenomenon, technical equipment needed to achieve the effect and preliminary qualitative results of obtained material. The wire consisted of well packed layers of carbon elements. The arc-discharge method is a simple, low cost method for the production of three dimensional carbon structures. A further research is needed to get a thorough understanding of the phenomenon.
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Britton J. Repeatability of High Resolution Laser Doppler Images of the hands in patients with systemic sclerosis and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2020; 39:193-203. [PMID: 32181935 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to establish the repeatability of baseline diagnostic images of the dorsum of the hands acquired using a high resolution Laser Doppler imager in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). METHODS The dorsal side of the hands of 22 patients (8 male 14 female) , age range 29-73, median 62, with SSc and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon were imaged over two consecutive days at approximately the same time using a Moor Instruments High Resolution Laser Doppler imaging unit. The images were analysed by taking regions of interest at discrete locations in the images to calculate dimensionless values of flux(PU). Repeatability of the diagnostic investigation was assessed by using methods described by Bland and Altman and by also plotting the results from visit 1 against visit 2 and calculating the line of best fit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on the criteria that 95% of all measurement differences should be within a factor of 1.96 of the standard deviations of the mean values, then high resolution Laser Doppler Imaging technique is probably repeatable when acquiring and analysing baseline images of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to SSc. However a larger study with more patients is required to prove this conclusively - as only data from 19 patients was analysed [3 patients were not included due to technical issues] - and was therefore susceptible to marked clinical variations in patients presenting on different days for the investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Britton
- Medical Physics Department, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX
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Md Yusof MY, Britton J, Edward S, Hensor EMA, Goodfield MJ, Laws PM, Emery P, Wittmann M, Vital EM. Validity and sensitivity to change of laser Doppler imaging as a novel objective outcome measure for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:1320-1328. [PMID: 31522626 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319873977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability of a novel objective outcome measure, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), its validity against skin biopsy histology and other clinical instruments, including localized cutaneous lupus disease area and severity index (L-CLASI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of photographs, and its responsiveness to clinical change with therapy. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in 30 patients with active cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). At baseline and 3 months, disease activity was assessed using L-CLASI and a high resolution LDI system by two assessors. Skin biopsy was scored as 0 = non-active, 1 = mild activity and 2 = active. Photographs were assessed by two clinicians using 100 mm VAS. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using Bland-Altman limits of agreement. Correlation between histology and LDI, L-CLASI and VAS and sensitivity to change of LDI with physician subjective assessment of change (PSAC) at 3 months were analyzed using Kendall's tau-a. RESULTS Of 30 patients with CLE, 28 (93%) were female, mean (SD) age 48.4 (11.5) y, 25 (83%) were Caucasians, 25 (83%) had concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus and 16 (53%) were smokers. CLE subtypes were acute = 9, subacute = 8 and chronic = 13. Inter-rater agreement for LDI was fair but for VAS score of photographs was poor. In 20 patients with biopsy, correlation with histology was better for LDI (tau-a = 0.53) than L-CLASI (tau-a = 0.26) (difference = 0.27; 90% CI 0.05-0.49) or VAS score of photographs (tau-a = 0.17) (difference = 0.36; 90% CI 0.04-0.68). There was a moderate correlation between PSAC score and change in LDI (tau-a = 0.56; 90% CI 0.38-0.74; p < 0.001, n = 15). CONCLUSION LDI provides a reliable, valid and responsive quantitative measure of inflammation in CLE. It has a better correlation with histology compared to clinical instruments. LDI provides an objective outcome measure for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Md Yusof
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - J Britton
- Department of Medical Physics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Edward
- Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK
| | - E M A Hensor
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M J Goodfield
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK
| | - P M Laws
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK
| | - P Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Simou E, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Alcohol consumption and risk of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:1277-1285. [PMID: 30355406 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and risk of tuberculosis (TB). METHODS Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for observational studies from 2005 to April 2018. Reference lists of included studies were screened. RESULTS Forty-nine studies were included. Compared with people with low or no alcohol intake, the risk of TB in people with high or any alcohol consumption was increased by relative odds of 1.90 (95%CI 1.63-2.23). Substantial levels of heterogeneity were seen (I² = 82%); however, there was no evidence of publication bias (P = 0.54). Sensitivity analysis restricted to studies using no alcohol drinking as a reference group found a slightly lower but still increased risk (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.39-1.84). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in relation to study design and quality, geographic location, publication year or adjustment for confounders. A pooled analysis of a further four studies reporting hazard ratios (HRs) found a nearly three-fold increase in risk of TB in relation to alcohol consumption during follow-up (HR 2.81, 95%CI 2.12-3.74). An exposure-response analysis showed that for every 10-20 g daily alcohol intake, there was a 12% increase in TB risk. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for the development of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simou
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Britton
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Leonardi-Bee
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Varona-Perez P, Bridges S, Lorenzo-Vazquez E, Suarez-Medina R, Venero-Fernandez SJ, Langley T, Britton J, Fogarty AW. What is the association between price and economic activity with cigarette consumption in Cuba from 1980 to 2014? Public Health 2019; 173:126-129. [PMID: 31276890 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cuba is a tobacco-producing country that has been economically isolated as a consequence of an embargo imposed by the USA. It has also experienced a severe economic depression in the 1990s after the withdrawal of support by the former Soviet Union. These characteristics provide a unique opportunity to study the relation between large changes in economic activity, cigarette price and demand for cigarettes in a relatively isolated socialist economy. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational epidemiological study. METHODS Data were obtained on the annual price of a packet of cigarettes and the mean number of cigarettes consumed per adult living in Cuba from 1980 to 2014. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between cigarette consumption and price in Cuba. RESULTS In 1980, the mean price of a packet of cigarettes was 1.53 Cuban peso (CUP) in 1997 prices and the mean annual per capita consumption was 2237 cigarettes. In 2014, the mean price had increased to 5.57 CUP (1997 prices) per packet of cigarettes, and consumption had fallen to 1527 cigarettes per capita. There were significant negative associations between annual cigarette consumption and both price and living through an economic depression. The elasticity was approximately -0.31 with price, and living through an economic depression was also associated with lower consumption of cigarettes (a reduction of 9%, 95% confidence intervals -0.18 to -0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher cigarette pricing, along with other public health interventions, are required to protect the national population from the adverse effects of tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Varona-Perez
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, Infanta No 1158 e/ Llinás y Clavel, Código Postal 10300, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - S Bridges
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Sir Clive Granger Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E Lorenzo-Vazquez
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - R Suarez-Medina
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, Infanta No 1158 e/ Llinás y Clavel, Código Postal 10300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - S-J Venero-Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, Infanta No 1158 e/ Llinás y Clavel, Código Postal 10300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - T Langley
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - J Britton
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - A W Fogarty
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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15
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Getachew S, Lewis S, Britton J, Deressa W, Fogarty AW. Prevalence and risk factors for initiating tobacco and alcohol consumption in adolescents living in urban and rural Ethiopia. Public Health 2019; 174:118-126. [PMID: 31330474 PMCID: PMC7684154 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives African countries are potential high growth markets for the alcohol and tobacco industries. This study aimed to identify exposures that are associated with initiating use of alcohol and tobacco products in young people living in Ethiopia. As televised football and Internet viewing are media through which products can be promoted to this population efficiently, these risk factors were of particular interest. Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of 3967 children aged 13–19 years in 20 high schools in urban and rural Ethiopia on consumption and risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use in 2016, as well as exposure to potential sources of advertising. Results Eight percent of respondents reported having ever smoked and 3% were current smokers. Twenty-nine percent reported ever having used alcohol, and 14% were current users. Risk factors for ever smoking included father smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21 to 3.15), mother smoking (OR 3.90; 95% CI: 1.63 to 9.33), best friend smoking (OR 5.86; 95% CI: 4.31 to 7.96) and home Internet access (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.27). There was a very strong positive association between ever having smoked cigarettes and ever having tried alcohol (P < 0.001). Risk factors for currently drinking alcohol included father drinking (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.01), mother drinking (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.77), home Internet access (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.90) and regular watching of televised football (OR 2.44 compared to those who do not; 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.78). Conclusions As in rich countries, tobacco and alcohol use among Ethiopian teenagers increases among those exposed to family and peer use but are also more common among those accessing the Internet and, for alcohol, those watching televised football. The effect of watching televised football on alcohol use, at least, is likely to be due to exposure to advertising. Rapid economic development is changing the environment in developing countries rapidly, generating a new potential market for the alcohol and tobacco industries. Fourteen percent of adolescents living in Ethiopia are regular consumers of alcohol, and 3% regularly smoke cigarettes. Regular watching of international football on television is associated with being a current consumer of alcohol. Public health strategies to modify alcohol and tobacco usage in adolescents living in Ethiopia need to consider that the Internet and televised football matches are potential sources of exposure to advertising aiming to promote consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Getachew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Lewis
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Britton
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - W Deressa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - A W Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Shumba M, Nyoni S, Britton J, Nyokong T. Characterization of electrodes modified with nanocomposites of cobalt tetraaminophenoxyphthalocyanine, reduced graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1621299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munyaradzi Shumba
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Stephen Nyoni
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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17
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Managa M, Britton J, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Effects of Pluronic F127 micelles as delivering agents on the vitro dark toxicity and photodynamic therapy activity of carboxy and pyrene substituted porphyrins. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Managa M, Khene S, Britton J, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Nyokong T. Photophysics and NLO properties of Ga(III) and In(III) phthalocyaninates bearing diethyleneglycol chains. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on synthesis and characterizations of Ga(III) and In(III) complexes, formed by 2,3-bis[2[Formula: see text]-(2[Formula: see text]-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-9,10,16,17,23,24-hexa-[Formula: see text]-butoxy phthalocyanine (1H2) coordinating acetatoindium(III) (1InOAc) and hydroxogallium(III) (1GaOH) Photophysical properties of hydroxogallium(III) phthalocyaninate 1GaOH and acetatoindium(III) phthalocyaninate 1InOAc were studied by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved methods. The nonlinear absorption of the complexes was studied using the Z-scan technique at 532 nm and 10 ns pulse in DMSO and in thin films formed by composite with poly(bisphenol A carbonate) — PBC. The magnitude of absorption coefficients and other nonlinear optical parameters estimated in this work showed that complex 1InOAc exhibited the strongest nonlinear optical behavior in comparison with 1GaOH in solution and a reverse tendency when embedded in PBC thin films. DFT calculations were used to rationalize these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Samson Khene
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskii pr., 31, Building 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskii pr., 31, Building 4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninskii pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskii pr., 31, Building 4, Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninskii pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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19
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Abstract
A controlled study of the effect on airflow obstruction of 30 mg of the alpha-blocker thymoxamine given by inhalation is reported in 10 patients with chronic stable asthma. No significant change in peak expiratory flow rate was seen with either thymoxamine or placebo in any patient. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are therefore unlikely to contribute significantly to resting bronchomotor tone in chronic stable asthma.
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Mwanza D, Louzada M, Britton J, Sekhosana E, Khene S, Nyokong T, Mashazi P. The effect of the cobalt and manganese central metal ions on the nonlinear optical properties of tetra(4-propargyloxyphenoxy)phthalocyanines. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phthalocyanines were investigated as optical limiters. The paramagnetic complexes were not effective owing to quenching of the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mwanza
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
| | - M. Louzada
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
| | - J. Britton
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
- RU/DST Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
| | - E. Sekhosana
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
- RU/DST Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
| | - S. Khene
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
| | - T. Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
- RU/DST Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
| | - P. Mashazi
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown
- South Africa
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21
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Peteni S, Sekhosana KE, Britton J, Nyokong T. Effects of charge on the photophysicochemical properties of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives doped onto silica nanoparticles. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Oluwole DO, Ngxeke SM, Britton J, Nyokong T. The effect of point of substitution and silver based nanoparticles on the photophysical and optical nonlinearity of indium carboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Louzada M, Britton J, Nyokong T, Khene S. Solvent Effect on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of α- and β-Tertbutyl Phenoxy-Substituted Tin(IV) Chloride Phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7165-7175. [PMID: 28877437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the third-order nonlinear optical properties of 4α-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (α-SnOtBpPc) and 4β-(4-tert-butylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato dichlorotin(IV) (β-SnOtBpPc) in different organic solvents. The third-order susceptibilities of α-SnOtBpPc and β-SnOtBpPc are reported in different solvents, using Z-scan techniques with 10 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. Their nonlinear absorption coefficient and absorption cross sections were also determined. The molecular imaginary components of the second-order hyperpolarizability Im[γ] of α-SnOtBpPc and β-SnOtBpPc were found to be 2.60 × 10-31 and 2.94 × 10-31 esu (tetrahydrofuran), 2.12 × 10-31 and 2.54 × 10-31 esu (chloroform), 3.06 × 10-31 and 2.54 × 10-31 esu (dichloromethane), and 1.27 × 10-31 and 1.50 × 10-31 esu (toluene), respectively. This study found that substitution at the α position has an effect of lowering the two-photon (2PA) cross section value for α-SnOtBpPc compared to that for β-SnOtBpPc, with values of 64.30 and 456.65 GM, respectively. The large 2PA cross section observed in β-SnOtBpPc is attributed to the decreased energy difference between the virtual state and the LUMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Louzada
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Samson Khene
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Nwaji N, Bankole OM, Britton J, Nyokong T. Photophysical and nonlinear optical study of benzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines in solution and thin films. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the photophysical, nonlinear absorption and nonlinear optical limiting properties of zinc and gallium phthalocyanine complexes: tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (3), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl phenoxy)phthalocyaninato] gallium(III) chloride (4), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (5), tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)phthalocyaninato] gallium(III) chloride (6), were investigated both in solution and when embedded in polystyrene thin films using 532 nm laser excitation at 10 ns pulses. It was also observed that complexes that have higher triplet state absorption also possessed enhanced nonlinear and optical limiting behavior. Superior optical performance was observed when the complexes were embedded in thin films compared to when they are in solution. Complex 6 in thin films gave the highest imaginary third-order susceptibility (I[Formula: see text][X[Formula: see text]]) and hyperpolarizability ([Formula: see text] at 4.61 × 10[Formula: see text] esu and 3.44 × 10[Formula: see text] esu, respectively, with a low I[Formula: see text] value of 0.06 J.cm[Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Owolabi M. Bankole
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Britton J, Schaffer K. 348 ‘My Bugs’: a smartphone application for the recording of antibiotic treatment information. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Nwahara N, Britton J, Nyokong T. Improving singlet oxygen generating abilities of phthalocyanines: aluminum tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine in the presence of graphene quantum dots and folic acid. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1313975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Nwahara
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Nwaji N, Mack J, Britton J, Nyokong T. Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of a series of ball-type phthalocyanines in solution and thin films. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ball-type phthalocyanines containing heavy central metals show enhanced nonlinear optical behaviour in solution or when embedded in polymer thin films. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were used to explain the spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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28
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Oluwole DO, Yagodin AV, Britton J, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Nyokong T. Optical limiters with improved performance based on nanoconjugates of thiol substituted phthalocyanine with CdSe quantum dots and Ag nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16190-16198. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grafting of thiolated phthalocyanine onto quantum dots and nanoparticles provided conjugates with prominent optical limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Oluwole
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Alexey V. Yagodin
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
- Moscow
- Russia
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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Gounden D, Ngubeni GN, Louzada MS, Khene S, Britton J, Nombona N. Synthesis, spectroscopic and DFT Characterization of 4β-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)phthalocyanine positional isomers for non-linear optical absorption. S Afr j chem 2017. [DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Britton J, Martynov AG, Oluwole DO, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Nyokong T. Improvement of nonlinear optical properties of phthalocyanine bearing diethyleneglycole chains: Influence of symmetry lowering vs. heavy atom effect. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616501042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the successful synthesis of the low symmetry phthalocyanines: metal-free 2,3-bis[2′-(2′′-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-9,10,16,17,23,24-hexa-[Formula: see text]-butoxyphthalocyanine 1H[Formula: see text] and its zinc complex 1Zn along with their nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior in solution and in thin films. 1H NMR investigations evidenced of higher dissymmetry of electronic density in 1H[Formula: see text] in comparison with 1Zn. This dissymmetry is responsible for unusually higher values of Im[[Formula: see text]]/[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for 1H[Formula: see text]in contrast to 1Zn, where the notable effect of heavy-metal enhancement of ISC was expected. Both compounds showed Im[[Formula: see text]]/[Formula: see text] values of the order of 10[Formula: see text] in chloroform which are higher in comparison to the symmetrical octabutoxyphthalocyanine H2[(BuO)8Pc]. NLO properties of 1H[Formula: see text] were improved via its incorporation into polycarbonate polymeric matrix together with CdSe@CdS-TOPO quantum dots. In such composite the value of Im[[Formula: see text]]/[Formula: see text] was almost three times higher in comparison with 1H[Formula: see text] solution in chloroform. The obtained composites are expected to be perspective components of optical materials, capable of protection against strong light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - David O. Oluwole
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, building 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Managa M, Mkhize S, Britton J, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Synthesis and dark toxicity of 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(phenyl)-porphyrinato chlorido gallium(III) when conjugated to δ-aminolevulinic acid. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1223292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Scebi Mkhize
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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32
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Managa M, Britton J, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Effects of pluronic silica nanoparticles on the photophysical and photodynamic therapy behavior of triphenyl-p-phenoxy benzoic acid metalloporphyrins. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1236372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Achadu OJ, Britton J, Nyokong T. Graphene Quantum Dots Functionalized with 4-Amino-2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-Oxide as Fluorescence “Turn-ON” Nanosensors. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:2199-2212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Faulkner D, Britton J, Eng S, Del Galdo F, Stark D, Buch M. FRI0272 Evaluation of Bleomycin Induced Raynaud's Phenomenon and Systemic Sclerosis Vasculopathy in Germ Cell Tumour Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kempgens P, Britton J. Powder-XRD and (14) N magic angle-spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy of some metal nitrides. Magn Reson Chem 2016; 54:371-376. [PMID: 26687421 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN, InN, GaN, Ca3 N2 , Mg3 N2 , and Ge3 N4 ) have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and (14) N magic angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy. For Ca3 N2 , Mg3 N2 , and Ge3 N4 , no (14) N NMR signal was observed. Low speed (νr = 2 kHz for TiN, ZrN, and GaN; νr = 1 kHz for InN) and 'high speed' (νr = 15 kHz for TiN; νr = 5 kHz for ZrN; νr = 10 kHz for InN and GaN) MAS NMR experiments were performed. For TiN, ZrN, InN, and GaN, powder-XRD was used to identify the phases present in each sample. The number of peaks observed for each sample in their (14) N MAS solid-state NMR spectrum matches perfectly well with the number of nitrogen-containing phases identified by powder-XRD. The (14) N MAS solid-state NMR spectra are symmetric and dominated by the quadrupolar interaction. The envelopes of the spinning sidebands manifold are Lorentzian, and it is concluded that there is a distribution of the quadrupolar coupling constants Qcc 's arising from structural defects in the compounds studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kempgens
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Minnis P, O’Meara R, Kane H, Zaffaroni A, O’Dea F, Britton J, Caulfield B, Donnelly SC. P50 Predicting readmission following exacerbation of COPD using a non-contact sensor – A Proof of Concept Study. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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D’Souza S, Mashazi P, Britton J, Nyokong T. Effects of differently shaped silver nanoparticles on the photophysics of pyridylsulfanyl-substituted phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eastwood B, Dockrell M, Arnott D, Britton J, Cheeseman H, Jarvis M, McNeill A. Electronic cigarette use in young people in Great Britain 2013–2014. Public Health 2015; 129:1150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lettieri G, Abignano G, Eng S, Britton J, Ridgway J, Evans R, Rathbone A, O'Connor P, Emery P, Buch M, Del Galdo F. FRI0466 Digital Artery Flow Index by Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Hand: A Quantitative Outcome Measure of Fibroproliferative Vasculopathy in Raynaud's Phenomenon of Scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Novel phosphorus triazatetrabenzcorrole (TBC) tetrasubstituted at the α- and β-positions of the peripheral fused benzene rings with t-butylphenoxy substituents have been prepared and characterized. The effect of the substituents on the electronic structures and optical properties is investigated with TD-DFT calculations and MCD spectroscopy. The optical limiting properties have been investigated to examine whether the lower symmetry that results from the direct pyrrole–pyrrole bond and hence the permanent dipole moment that is introduced result in higher safety thresholds, relative to the values that have been reported for phthalocyanines. The suitability of the compounds for singlet oxygen applications has also been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Mkhize
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Amberbir A, Medhin G, Abegaz WE, Hanlon C, Robinson K, Fogarty A, Britton J, Venn A, Davey G. Exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection in early childhood and the risk of allergic disease and atopic sensitization: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:563-71. [PMID: 24528371 PMCID: PMC4164268 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background An inverse relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and allergic disease has been reported by a range of independent epidemiological studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies is scarce. Objective We have investigated the effects of H. pylori infection on the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in a low-income birth cohort. Methods In 2005/2006, a population-based birth cohort was established in Butajira, Ethiopia, and the 1006 singleton babies born were followed up at ages 1, 3, and 5. Symptoms of allergic disease were collected using the ISAAC questionnaire, allergen skin tests performed, and stool samples analysed for H. pylori antigen and geohelminths. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the independent effects of H. pylori measured at age 3 on the incidence of each outcome between ages 3 and 5 years (in those without the outcome at age 3), controlling for potential confounders, and to additionally assess cross-sectional associations. Results A total of 863 children were followed up to age 5. H. pylori infection was found in 25% of the children at both ages 3 and 5, in 21% at age 5 but not 3, and in 17% at age 3 but not at age 5. H. pylori infection at age 3 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident eczema between ages 3 and 5 (adjusted OR, 95% CI, 0.31; 0.10–0.94, P = 0.02). Cross-sectionally at age 5, H. pylori infection was inversely associated with skin sensitization (adjusted OR, 95% CI, 0.26; 0.07–0.92, P = 0.02). Conclusion and clinical relevance These findings provide further evidence to suggest that early-life exposure to H. pylori may play a protective role in the development of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amberbir
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Szatkowski L, Murray R, Hubbard R, Agrawal S, Huang Y, Britton J. Prevalence of smoking among patients treated in NHS hospitals in England in 2010/2011: a national audit: Table 1. Thorax 2014; 70:498-500. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Szatkowski L, Taylor J, Taylor A, Lewis S, McNeill A, Britton J, Jones L, Bauld L, Parrott S, Wu Q, Bains M. OP24 Development and evaluation of a novel intervention providing insight into the tobacco industry to prevent the uptake of smoking in school-aged children. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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Turner D, Britton J, Tassell N, Bird D, Goulden V. Safety of patients fitted with electronic active artificial implanted devices in ultraviolet treatment cubicles. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:197-8. [PMID: 24641264 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Turner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, LS7 4SA, U.K.
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Datta R, Munson CD, Niemack MD, McMahon JJ, Britton J, Wollack EJ, Beall J, Devlin MJ, Fowler J, Gallardo P, Hubmayr J, Irwin K, Newburgh L, Nibarger JP, Page L, Quijada MA, Schmitt BL, Staggs ST, Thornton R, Zhang L. Large-aperture wide-bandwidth antireflection-coated silicon lenses for millimeter wavelengths. Appl Opt 2013; 52:8747-8758. [PMID: 24513939 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.008747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing scale of cryogenic detector arrays for submillimeter and millimeter wavelength astrophysics has led to the need for large aperture, high index of refraction, low loss, cryogenic refracting optics. Silicon with n=3.4, low loss, and high thermal conductivity is a nearly optimal material for these purposes but requires an antireflection (AR) coating with broad bandwidth, low loss, low reflectance, and a matched coefficient of thermal expansion. We present an AR coating for curved silicon optics comprised of subwavelength features cut into the lens surface with a custom three-axis silicon dicing saw. These features constitute a metamaterial that behaves as a simple dielectric coating. We have fabricated silicon lenses as large as 33.4 cm in diameter with micromachined layers optimized for use between 125 and 165 GHz. Our design reduces average reflections to a few tenths of a percent for angles of incidence up to 30° with low cross polarization. We describe the design, tolerance, manufacture, and measurements of these coatings and present measurements of the optical properties of silicon at millimeter wavelengths at cryogenic and room temperatures. This coating and lens fabrication approach is applicable from centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths and can be used to fabricate coatings with greater than octave bandwidth.
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Britton J, Durmuş M, Chauke V, Nyokong T. Poly methyl methacrylate films containing metallophthalocyanines in the presence of CdTe quantum dots: Non-linear optical behaviour and triplet state lifetimes. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Venero-Fernández SJ, Suárez-Medina R, Mora-Faife EC, García-García G, Valle-Infante I, Gómez-Marrero L, Abreu-Suárez G, González-Valdez J, Fabró-Ortiz DD, Fundora-Hernández H, Venn A, Britton J, Fogarty AW. Risk factors for wheezing in infants born in Cuba. QJM 2013; 106:1023-9. [PMID: 23824939 PMCID: PMC3808789 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuba is a unique country, and despite limited economic development, has an excellent health system. However, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children in Havana, Cuba, is unusually high. AIM As early life exposures are critical to the aetiology of asthma, we have studied environmental influences on the risk of wheezing in Cuban infants. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A random sample of 2032 children aged 12-15 months living in Havana was selected for inclusion in the cohort. Data were collected using questionnaires administered by researchers. RESULTS Of 2032 infants invited to participate, 1956 (96%) infants provided data. The prevalence of any wheeze was 45%, severe wheeze requiring use of emergency services was 30% and recurrent wheeze on three or more occasions was 20%. The largest adjusted risk factors for any wheeze were presence of eczema [odds ratio (OR) 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-2.94], family history of asthma (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.60-2.62), poor ventilation in the house (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.48-2.67), attendance at nursery (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.24-2.57), male sex (OR1.52; 95% CI 1.19-1.96) and the number of smokers in the house (P < 0.03 for trend), OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.17-2.31) for three or more smokers in the house compared to no smokers in the household. CONCLUSION We have identified several risk factors for any wheeze in young infants living in modern day Cuba. As the prevalence of smoking in the house is high (51%), intervention studies are required to determine effective strategies to improve infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Venero-Fernández
- MSc, Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, Infanta No 1158 e/ Llinás y Clavel, Código Postal 10300, La Habana, Cuba.
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Manouchehrinia A, Webston M, Britton J, Constantinescu C. Impact of tobacco smoking on mortality and life expectancy in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Britton J, Antunes E, Nyokong T. Synthesis and nonlinear optical examination of 3(4),15(16)-Bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy)-10,22-diaminohemiporphyrazinato chloroindium. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Britton J, Durmuş M, Khene S, Chauke V, Nyokong T. Third order nonlinear optical properties of phthalocyanines in the presence nanomaterials and in polymer thin films. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461350003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Third order nonlinear optical properties were determined for phthalocyanine complexes 1–10 containing In , Ga and Zn central metals and tetra- or octa-substituted with benzyloxyphenoxy, phenoxy, tert-butylphenoxy and amino groups at peripheral or non-peripheral positions. The phthalocyanines were embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer in the presence of CdTe quantum dots. All complexes 1–10 were studied in the presence of CdTe quantum dots and embedded in poly (methyl methacrylate) to form thin films. Complex 3 tetrasubstituted with tert-butylphenoxy groups at non-peripheral positions was also studied in the presence of CdS , CdSe quantum dots, fullerenes, single walled carbon nanotubes. Third order nonlinear optical parameters generally increase for Pcs in the presence of CdTe quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Samson Khene
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Vongani Chauke
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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