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Jenkins H, MacLean L, McClean S, Cooke G, Devereux M, Howe O, Pereira MD, May NV, Enyedy ÉA, Creaven BS. Structural and solution speciation studies on selected [Cu(NN)(OO)] complexes and an investigation of their biomimetic activity, ROS generation and their cytotoxicity in normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic environments in MCF-7 breast cancer-derived cells. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112383. [PMID: 37804698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation with subsequent DNA damage is one of the principle mechanisms of action assigned to copper-based anticancer complexes. The efficacy of this type of chemotherapeutic may be reduced in the low oxygen environment of tumours. In this study the cytotoxicity of three complexes, [Cu(dips)(phen)] (1), [Cu(ph)(phen)]·2H2O (2) and [Cu(ph)(bpy)]·H2O (3) (disp: 3,5-diisopropylsalicylate, phen: 1,10- phenanthroline, ph: phthalate, bpy: 2,2'-bipyridyl) were assessed for anticancer activity in the breast-cancer derived MCF-7 line under normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions. In an immortalised keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, the cytotoxicity of complexes 2 and 3 was significantly reduced under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, whilst the cytotoxicity of complex 1 was increased under hypoxic conditions. The ability of the complexes to generate ROS in the MCF-7 cell line was evaluated as was their ability to act as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase mimics using a yeast cell assay. ROS generation was significant for complexes 2 and 3, less so for complex 1 though all three complexes had SOD mimetic ability. Given the ternary nature of the complexes, solution speciation studies were undertaken but were only successful for complex 3, due to solubility issues with the other two complexes. The concentration distribution of various species, formed in aqueous solution, was evaluated as a function of pH and confirmed that complex 3 is the dominant species at physiological pH in the mM concentration range. However, as its concentration diminishes, it experiences a progressive dissociation, leading to the formation of binary complexes of bpy alongside unbound phthalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Jenkins
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin, Tallaght Campus, D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Louise MacLean
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin, Tallaght Campus, D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gordon Cooke
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin, Tallaght Campus, D24 FKT9, Ireland; School of Chemical and BioPharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Central Quad Building, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, TU Dublin, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, TU Dublin, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland; School of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, TU Dublin, City Campus, D07 XT95, Ireland
| | - Marcos D Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Micrologia - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Departmen of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Bernadette S Creaven
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin, Tallaght Campus, D24 FKT9, Ireland; School of Chemical and BioPharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Central Quad Building, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland.
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Crystallographic, spectroscopic, thermal and computational studies of polymeric cobalt(II)–mellitate complex with 2,2′-bipyridine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Hu J, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Spectrometric measurements and DFT studies on new complex of copper (II) with 2-((E)-9-ethyl-3-(2-(6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-9H-carbazole. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 168:78-85. [PMID: 27285472 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure of a new complex of copper (II) with (E)-9-ethyl-3-(2-(6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-9H-carbazole ([Cu2(emppc)2Cl2]Cl2) was optimized with B3LYP/LanL2DZ, PBE1PBE/LanL2DZ and M062X/LanL2DZ theoretical level. The ligand, (E)-9-ethyl-3-(2-(6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-9H-carbazole (emppc), binds to Cu(II) ions with a bi-dentate mode, two Cl(-) serve as bridging ligand, each Cu(II) ion has a highly distorted tetrahedron coordination geometry. With M062X/LanL2DZ theoretical level, the calculated interaction energies of Cu(II) with coordination atoms N are between 183.3-200.0kJmol(-1) for α spin and 319.4-324.9kJmol(-1) for β spin, and interaction energies of Cu(II) with coordination atoms Cl atom are 248.0-252.4kJmol(-1) for α spin and 332.6-333.6kJmol(-1) for β spin. The experimental Fourier transform infrared spectrum was assigned. The calculated IR based on B3LYP/LanL2DZ, PBE1PBE/LanL2DZ and M062X/LanL2DZ methods were performed and compared with experimental results. The UV-Vis experimental spectra of [Cu2(emppc)2Cl2]Cl2 was measured in methanol solution. The calculated electronic spectrum was performed with TD/M062X and PCM-TD/M062X methods with LanL2DZ basis set. The nature bond orbital analysis and temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties were calculated with the same methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhang
- Huaian Key Leaboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Huaian Key Leaboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianying Zhao
- Huaian Key Leaboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Huaian Key Leaboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
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