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de Graaff S, Schwitalla K, Haaker CV, Bengen N, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. A Niobium Pentafulvene Ethylene Complex: Synthesis, Properties and Reaction Pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12502-12511. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The π-η5:σ-η1 coordination mode of early transition metal pentafulvene ligands yields a strongly nucleophilic exocyclic carbon atom (Cexo). The substitution of the chlorido ligand of bis(η5:η1-(di-p-tolyl)pentafulvene)niobium chloride (1) by reaction...
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Kadikova RN, Gabdullin AM, Mozgovoj OS, Ramazanov IR, Dzhemilev UM. NbCl 5-Mg Reagent System in Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of (2 Z)-Alkenylamines and (3 Z)-Alkenylols from Substituted 2-Alkynylamines and 3-Alkynylols. Molecules 2021; 26:3722. [PMID: 34207186 PMCID: PMC8234592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of N,N-disubstituted 2-alkynylamines and substituted 3-alkynylols using the NbCl5-Mg reagent system affords the corresponding dideuterated (2Z)-alkenylamine and (3Z)-alkenylol derivatives in high yields in a regio- and stereoselective manner through the deuterolysis (or hydrolysis). The reaction of substituted propargylamines and homopropargylic alcohols with the in situ generated low-valent niobium complex (based on the reaction of NbCl5 with magnesium metal) is an efficient tool for the synthesis of allylamines and homoallylic alcohols bearing a 1,2-disubstituted double bond. It was found that the well-known approach for the reduction of alkynes based on the use of the TaCl5-Mg reagent system does not work for 2-alkynylamines and 3-alkynylols. Thus, this article reveals a difference in the behavior of two reagent systems-NbCl5-Mg and TaCl5-Mg, in relation to oxygen- and nitrogen-containing alkynes. A regio- and stereoselective method was developed for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing E-β-chlorovinyl sulfides based on the reaction of 2-alkynylamines with three equivalents of methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of niobium(V) chloride and magnesium metal in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita N. Kadikova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (A.M.G.); (O.S.M.); (I.R.R.); (U.M.D.)
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 PMCID: PMC6462221 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kriegel BM, Kaltsoyannis N, Chatterjee R, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Synthesis and Redox Chemistry of a Tantalum Alkylidene Complex Bearing a Metallaimidazole Ring. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Kriegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Kriegel BM, Naested LCE, Nocton G, Lakshmi KV, Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Redox-Initiated Reactivity of Dinuclear β-Diketiminatoniobium Imido Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1626-1637. [PMID: 28098983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-valent dichloride and dimethylniobium complexes 1 and 2 bearing tert-butylimido and N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-β-diketiminate (BDIAr) ligands were prepared. The dimethyl complex reacted with dihydrogen to release methane and generate the hydride-bridged diniobium(IV) complex 3 in high yield. One-electron oxidation of 3 with silver salts resulted in the release of dihydrogen and conversion to a mixed-valent NbIII-NbIV complex, 4, that displayed a frozen-solution X-band electron paramagnetic resonance signal consistent with a slight dissymmetry between the two Nb centers. Spectroscopic and computational analysis supported the presence of Nb-Nb σ-bonding interactions in both 3 and 4. Finally, one-electron reduction of 4 resulted in conversion to the highly dissymmetric NbV-NbV dimer 5 that formed from the reductive C-N bond cleavage of one of the BDIAr supporting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Kriegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lara C E Naested
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay , Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Oxygen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Nitrene Transfer in a Rhenium β-Diketiminate Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11993-12000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D. Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Abubekerov M, Eymann LYM, Gianetti TL, Arnold J. Activation of heteroallenes by coordinatively unsaturated nickel(ii) alkyl complexes supported by the hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methyl)pyrazolyl borate (Tp(Ph,Me)) ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14581-90. [PMID: 27334096 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of sulfur containing heteroallenes by nickel(ii) alkyl complexes supported by the bulky hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp(Ph,Me)) ligand is described. Exposure of Tp(Ph,Me)NiCH2Ph (1a) and Tp(Ph,Me)NiCH2Si(CH3)3 (1b) to CS2 resulted in formation of the insertion products Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2)-CS2)CH2Ph (2a) and Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2)-CS2)CH2Si(CH3)3 (2b) in moderate yields. Reaction of 1a and MeNCS produced two species in a 1 : 1 ratio, identified as Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2)-MeNC)CH2Ph (3) and Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2)-MeNCS)SCH2Ph (4). Isolation of the unexpected insertion product (3) prompted an investigation into the activity of 1a-b in the presence of isocyanides (i.e.(t)BuNC), which resulted in isolation of Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2-t)BuNC)CH2Ph (5a) and Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2-t)BuNC)CH2Si(CH3)3 (5b). Similarly, reaction of 1a with OCS led to the isolation of a rare example of a Ni(i) carbonyl species Tp(Ph,Me)NiCO (6). Alternatively, complex 6 was also formed by exposure of 1a-b to an atmosphere of CO. Isolation of the intermediate species (Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(η(2)-CO)CH2TMS (7b) and Tp(Ph,Me)Ni(CO)(C(O)R, (8a-b) with R = Ph, TMS)) shed light on the formation of such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Oulié P, Dinoi C, Li C, Sournia-Saquet A, Jacob K, Vendier L, Etienne M. CH Bond Activation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by a Niobium Methyl Cyclopropyl Precursor. Cyclopropyl Ring Opening and Alkyne Coupling Reaction. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Oulié
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
| | - Chen Li
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Alix Sournia-Saquet
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
| | - Kane Jacob
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
| | - Michel Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
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Hohloch S, Kriegel BM, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Group 5 chemistry supported by β-diketiminate ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15725-15745. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Diketiminate (BDI) ligands are widely used supporting ligands in modern organometallic chemistry and are capable of stabilizing various metal complexes in multiple oxidation states and coordination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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Abstract
Metal catalyzed carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is one of the important reactions in pharmacy and in organic chemistry. In the present study, the electron and hole capture dynamics of a lithium-benzene sandwich complex, expressed by Li(Bz)2, have been investigated by means of direct ab-initio molecular dynamics method. Following the electron capture of Li(Bz)2, the structure of [Li(Bz)2](-) was drastically changed: Bz-Bz parallel form was rapidly fluctuated as a function of time, and a new C-C single bond was formed in the C1-C1' position of Bz-Bz interaction system. In the hole capture, the intermolecular vibration between Bz-Bz rings was only enhanced. The mechanism of C-C bond formation in the electron capture was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Nechayev M, Gianetti TL, Bergman RG, Arnold J. C–F sp2 bond functionalization mediated by niobium complexes. Dalton Trans 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of fluorobenzene is described via insertion of isocyanide after the oxidative addition of the C–F bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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