The water-soluble zwitterionic and cationic tetra-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis, photophysical, photochemical and protein binding properties

Anticancer photodynamic activities of triphenylphosphine-labelled phthalocyanines and their bovine serum albumin-gold nanoparticles- complexes on melanoma A375 cell lines in vitro

This work reports on the synthesis of triphenylphosphine-labelled cationic phthalocyanines (Pc) complexed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). This nano-complex (Pc-BSA-Au) is studied for its photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity compared to the non-complexed Pc counterpart. The photochemical properties and in vitro PDT efficacies of the Pc and the nano-complex were determined and are compared herein. The singlet oxygen (1O2) yields of the Pcs were determined and are reported in DMF. A singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.47 was obtained for the Pcs. The PDT efficacies of the complexes were thereafter determined using malignant melanoma A375 cancer cell line in vitro. An increase in the cell toxicity was observed for cells treated with Pc-BSA-Au compared to those treated with the Pc alone. The cell survival percentages were 23.1% for cells treated with Pc-BSA-Au and 48.7% for those treated with Pc alone under PDT treatments.

The in-vitro proliferation-suppression of MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines mediated by differently substituted ionic phthalocyanines in sonodynamic therapy supplemented-photodynamic therapy

This work focuses on the study of the effects of the ultrasonic frequency (MHz) and power (W.cm^-2) on the stability, reactive oxygen species yields and cytotoxicity activities of differently substituted ionic phthalocyanines (Pcs) in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Four ultrasonic parameters were investigated: Par I (1 MHz: 1 W.cm^-2), Par II (1 MHz: 2 W.cm^-2), Par III (3 MHz: 1 W.cm^-2) and Par IV (3 MHz: 2 W.cm^-2). A higher degradation of the Pcs was observed with increasing power at the Par II. Two reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in the ultrasound treated Pcs: singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. Due to minimal degradation of most Pcs, Par I was chosen for SDT, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photo-sonodynamic therapy (PSDT) against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 and Henrietta Lacks cancer cell lines. PSDT generally showed improved therapeutic efficacies of the Pcs compared to the SDT and PDT mono treatments.

Enhanced mitochondria destruction on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines in vitro using triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines in ultrasound-assisted photodynamic therapy activity

This work reports on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the therapeutic activities of new triphenyl-phosphonium-labelled phthalocyanines (Pcs), the 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)- pyridine-4-yloxy) Zn(II) Pc (3) and 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(N-(N-butyl-4-triphenyl-phosphonium)-morpholino) Zn(II) Pc (4) upon exposure to light, ultrasound and the combination of light and ultrasound. Two types of ROS were detected: the singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and hydroxyl radicals. For light irradiations, only the ¹O₂ was detected. An increase in the ROS generation was observed for samples treated with the combination of light and ultrasound compared to the light and ultrasound mono-treatments. The in vitro anticancer activity through photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapy for the Pcs were also determined and compared to the photo-sonodynamic combination therapy (PSDT). The two cancer cell lines used for the in vitro studies included the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer and Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cervical cancer cell lines. The SDT treatments showed improved therapeutic efficacy on the cancer cells for both the Pcs compared to PDT. PSDT showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to both the PDT and SDT mono-treatments.

Umbelliferone Decorated Water-soluble Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines - In Vitro Phototoxic Antimicrobial Anti-cancer Agents

In this contribution we report on the synthesis, characterization and application of water-soluble zinc(II) phthalocyanines, which are decorated with four or eight umbelliferone moieties for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These compounds are linked peripherally to zinc(II) phthalocyanine by a triethylene glycol linker attached to pyridines, leading to cationic pyridinium units, able to increase the water solubility of the system. Beside their photophysical properties they were analyzed concerning their cellular distribution in human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2) cells as well as their phototoxicity towards HepG2 cells, Gram-positive (S. aureus strain 3150/12 and B. subtilis strain DB104) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli strain UTI89 and E. coli strain Nissle 1917). At low light doses and concentrations, they exhibit superb antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as anti-tumor activity against HepG2. They are even capable to inactivate Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the dark toxicity remains low. These unique water-soluble compounds can be regarded as all-in-one type photosensitizers with broad applications ranges in the future.

Synthesis, characterization and staining performance of peripherally and non-peripherally substituted metallo-phthalocyanines bearing 1,3-bis-(trimethylamino)-2-propoxy groups

In this study, water-soluble symmetrical phthalocyanines having cationic 1,3-bis-(trimethylamino)-2-propoxy groups at the peripheral and non-peripheral positions were synthesized and characterized.

Novel Polycationic Photosensitizers for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising method of treating local infected foci, in particular, surgical and burn wounds, trophic and diabetic ulcers. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is able to effectively destroy bacterial cells without them developing resistance in response to treatment.This work was dedicated to the study of photophysical and antibacterial properties of new photosensitizers (PS) based on polycationic phthalocyanines and synthetic bacteriochlorins for photodynamic inactivation of P. aeruginosa bacteria and their biofilms. Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa are often found in infected wounds, presumably in biofilm state and are characterized by rather low susceptibility to APDT, which is a problem. PS were studied for possible aggregation at various concentrations by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of studies of the ZnPcChol₈, (3-PyHp)₄BCBr₄ and (3-PyEBr)₄BCBr₄ in water and serum confirm the assumption of a low degree of their aggregation at high concentrations.Consequently, their photodynamic efficiency is high enabling to use these PS at high concentrations to sensitize pathological foci for APDT.It was shown that all the investigated PS had a high efficiency of photodynamic inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa, as well as their biofilms. Tetracationic hydrophilic near-infrared photosensitizer (3-PyEBr)₄BCBr₄ with reduced molecule size had significantly higher efficacy of photodynamic inactivation of P. aeruginosa biofilms compared with other studied photosensitizers.

The water soluble peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(ii), manganese(iii) and copper(ii) phthalocyanines as new potential anticancer agents

In this study, [2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethoxy] group substituted zinc(ii), manganese(iii) and copper(ii) phthalocyanines 2–4 and their water soluble derivatives 2a, 3a and 4a were synthesized and the interactions of compounds 2a, 3a and 4a with CT-DNA and supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA were investigated.