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Torena P, Alvarez‐Cuenca M, Reza M. Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by bacterial communities from activated sludge. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Torena
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
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Samak NA, Jia Y, Sharshar MM, Mu T, Yang M, Peh S, Xing J. Recent advances in biocatalysts engineering for polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste green recycling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106144. [PMID: 32987219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The massive waste of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) that ends up in the landfills and oceans and needs hundreds of years for degradation has attracted global concern. The poor stability and productivity of the available PET biocatalysts hinder their industrial applications. Active PET biocatalysts can provide a promising avenue for PET bioconversion and recycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies that could enhance the stability, catalytic activity, solubility, productivity, and re-usability of these PET biocatalysts under harsh conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and salinity. This has raised great attention in using bioengineering strategies to improve PET biocatalysts' robustness and catalytic behavior. Herein, historical and forecasting data of plastic production and disposal were critically reviewed. Challenges facing the PET degradation process and available strategies that could be used to solve them were critically highlighted and summarized. In this review, we also discussed the recent progress in enzyme bioengineering approaches used for discovering new PET biocatalysts, elucidating the degradation mechanism, and improving the catalytic performance, solubility, and productivity, critically assess their strength and weakness and highlighting the gaps of the available data. Discovery of more potential PET hydrolases and studying their molecular mechanism extensively via solving their crystal structure will widen this research area to move forward the industrial application. A deeper knowledge of PET molecular and degradation mechanisms will give great insight into the future identification of related enzymes. The reported bioengineering strategies during this review could be used to reduce PET crystallinity and to increase the operational temperature of PET hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China; Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Moustafa M Sharshar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tingzhen Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Maohua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sumit Peh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Ability of Trichoderma hamatum Isolated from Plastics-Polluted Environments to Attack Petroleum-Based, Synthetic Polymer Films. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms colonizing plastic waste material collected in composting-, landfill-, and anaerobic digestion plants were isolated to obtain novel strains maximally adapted to the degradation of plastics due to long-term contact with plastic polymers. Twenty-six bacterial strains were isolated and identified by the 16 S rRNA method, and eighteen strains of yeasts and fungi using 18 S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer ITS sequencing of the 18 S rRNA gene. In selected strains, the ability to degrade linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was tested in aerobic liquid-medium cultures. An oxidative, two-step pretreatment of LLDPE and LDPE using γ- or UV-irradiation followed by a high-temperature treatment was carried out, and the pretreated plastics were also included in the degradation experiments. The respective weight losses after biodegradation by Trichoderma hamatum were: virgin and γ/T90-pretreated LLDPE (2.2 ± 1.2 and 3.9 ± 0.5%), virgin and UV/T60-pretreated LDPE (0.5 ± 0.4 and 1.3 ± 0.4%), and virgin PS (0.9 ± 0.4%). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that during the treatment of pretreated LLDPE, T. hamatum attacked low molecular weight LLDPE oligomers, reducing the functional groups (carbonyl C = O), which was paralleled by a slight increase of the molar mass of pretreated LLDPE and a decrease of the dispersity index, as demonstrated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted the formation of functional groups on LLDPE due to polymer pretreatment that favored fungal attack at the polymer surface. The results provide insight into microbial consortia that spontaneously colonize the surface of plastics in various environments and their capability to attack plastic polymers.
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Alosime EM. A review on Copoly(ether-ester) elastomers: degradation and stabilization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haernvall K, Zitzenbacher S, Wallig K, Yamamoto M, Schick MB, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM. Hydrolysis of Ionic Phthalic Acid Based Polyesters by Wastewater Microorganisms and Their Enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4596-4605. [PMID: 28345898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble polyesters are used in a range of applications today and enter wastewater treatment plants after product utilization. However, little is known about extracellular enzymes and aquatic microorganisms involved in polyester biodegradation and mineralization. In this study, structurally different ionic phthalic acid based polyesters (the number-average molecular weights (Mn) 1770 to 10 000 g/mol and semi crystalline with crystallinity below 1%) were synthesized in various combinations. Typical wastewater microorganisms like Pseudomonas sp. were chosen for in-silico screening toward polyester hydrolyzing enzymes. Based on the in-silico search, a cutinase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (PpCutA) and a putative lipase from Pseudomonas pelagia (PpelaLip) were identified. The enzymes PpCutA and PpelaLip were demonstrated to hydrolyze all structurally different polyesters. Activities on all the polyesters were also confirmed with the strains P. pseudoalcaligenes and P. pelagia. Parameters identified to enhance hydrolysis included increased water solubility and polyester hydrophilicity as well as shorter diol chain lengths. For example, polyesters containing 1,2-ethanediol were hydrolyzed faster than polyesters containing 1,8-octanediol. Interestingly, the same trend was observed in biodegradation experiments. This information is important to gain a better mechanistic understanding of biodegradation processes of polyesters in WWTPs where the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis seems to be the limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Haernvall
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sabine Zitzenbacher
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Katrin Wallig
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Motonori Yamamoto
- BASF SE , Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology , Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Haernvall K, Zitzenbacher S, Yamamoto M, Schick MB, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM. A new arylesterase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes can hydrolyze ionic phthalic polyesters. J Biotechnol 2017; 257:70-77. [PMID: 28237250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes are assumed to be responsible for the initial and rate limiting step in biodegradation of polymers. Mainly enzymes with aliphatic esters as their natural substrates (e.g. lipase, cutinases) have until now been evaluated for polyester hydrolysis studies. However, the potential of enzymes with aromatic esters as their natural substrates (e.g. arylesterases) have been neglected although many types of polyester today contain aromatic moieties. Consequently, in order to elucidate biodegradation of phthalic polyesters in aquatic systems, a novel arylesterase (PpEst) was investigated related to hydrolysis of ionic phthalic polyesters. The hydrolysis of various ionic phthalic polyesters by PpEst was mechanistically studied. The polyester building blocks (terephthalic acid (TA), 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (NaSIP) and alkyl or ether diols) were systematically varied to investigate the impact on hydrolysis. PpEst effectively hydrolyzed all 14 synthetized ionic phthalic polyesters as indicated by released TA. However, no NaSIP was detected indicating that PpEst has a limited capacity to cleave bonds in close vicinity to the ionic monomer NaSIP. The systematic study indicated that increasing water solubility and hydrophilicity significantly enhanced hydrolysis. A higher release of TA was seen with increasing NaSIP ratio while up to 20 times more TA was released when alkyl diols were replaced by ether diol analogues. In contrast, cyclic and branched diols had a negative effect on hydrolysis when compared to linear diols. PpEst also revealed a linear release of TA over seven days for ether containing polyesters, indicating a very stable enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Haernvall
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sabine Zitzenbacher
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Motonori Yamamoto
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Wallace PW, Haernvall K, Ribitsch D, Zitzenbacher S, Schittmayer M, Steinkellner G, Gruber K, Guebitz GM, Birner-Gruenberger R. PpEst is a novel PBAT degrading polyesterase identified by proteomic screening of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2291-2303. [PMID: 27872998 PMCID: PMC5320007 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterase, PpEst, that hydrolyses the co-aromatic-aliphatic polyester poly(1,4-butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was identified by proteomic screening of the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes secretome. PpEst was induced by the presence of PBAT in the growth media and had predicted arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) activity. PpEst showed polyesterase activity on both whole and milled PBAT film releasing terephthalic acid and 4-(4-hydroxybutoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid while end product inhibition by 4-(4-hydroxybutoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid was observed. Modelling of an aromatic polyester mimicking oligomer into the PpEst active site indicated that the binding pocket could be big enough to accommodate large polymers. This is the first report of a PBAT degrading enzyme being identified by proteomic screening and shows that this approach can contribute to the discovery of new polymer hydrolysing enzymes. Moreover, these results indicate that arylesterases could be an interesting enzyme class for identifications of polyesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paal W Wallace
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karolina Haernvall
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Zitzenbacher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Li T, Deng X, Wang J, Chen Y, He L, Sun Y, Song C, Zhou Z. Biodegradation of nitrobenzene in a lysogeny broth medium by a novel halophilic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:384-389. [PMID: 25440194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus licheniformis strain YX2, a novel nitrobenzene-degrading halophilic bacterium, was isolated from active sludge obtained from a pesticide factory. Strain YX2 can withstand highly acidic and alkaline conditions and high temperatures. Degradation of nitrobenzene (200mgL(-1)) by YX2 exceeded 70% after 72h in lysogeny broth medium (pH 4-9). Under optimal degradation conditions (33°C, pH 7 in LB medium) YX2 degraded 50, 100, 200, and 600mgL(-1) nitrobenzene within 36, 36, 72, and 156h, respectively. Even in the presence of benzene, phenol or aniline, strain YX2 efficiently degraded nitrobenzene. Furthermore, strain YX2 completely degraded 600mgL(-1) nitrobenzene in 7% NaCl (w/w). Thus, our data show that strain YX2 may have promise for removing nitrobenzene from complex wastewaters with high salinity and variable pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xinping Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lin He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuchuan Sun
- School of Geography Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Caixia Song
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Lavilla C, Alla A, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Benito E, García-Martín M, Galbis J, Muñoz-Guerra S. Biodegradable aromatic copolyesters made from bicyclic acetalized galactaric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Wang D, Sun G. Novel polymer blends from polyester and bio-based cellulose ester. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Identification of protoplast fusion strain Fhhh by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-9999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lucas N, Bienaime C, Belloy C, Queneudec M, Silvestre F, Nava-Saucedo JE. Polymer biodegradation: mechanisms and estimation techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:429-442. [PMID: 18723204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Within the frame of the sustainable development, new materials are being conceived in order to increase their biodegradability properties. Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralisation) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). The aim of this review is to emphasise the importance of measure as well as possible, the last stage of the biodegradation, in order to certify the integration of new materials into the biogeochemical cycles. Finally, we give a perspective to use the natural labelling of stable isotopes in the environment, by means of a new methodology based on the isotopic fractionation to validate assimilation by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lucas
- Laboratoire des Technologies Innovantes (EA 3899), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, 80025 Amiens Cedex 1, France
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El-Arnaouty MB, Abdel Ghaffar AM, El Shafey HM. Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylonitrile onto LDPE and PET films and its biodegradability. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Enzymatic and microbial biodegradability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers containing nitrated units. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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