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Nizamuddin S, Boom YJ, Giustozzi F. Sustainable Polymers from Recycled Waste Plastics and Their Virgin Counterparts as Bitumen Modifiers: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193242. [PMID: 34641058 PMCID: PMC8512149 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of bituminous pavements takes place due to heavy traffic loads and weather-related conditions, such as moisture, temperature, and UV radiation. To overcome or minimize such failures, a great effort has been put in recent years to enhance the material properties of bitumen, ultimately improving field performance and increasing the pavement service life. Polymer modification is considered one of the most suitable and by far the most popular approach. Elastomers, chemically functionalised thermoplastics and plastomers * (* Note: notwithstanding the fact that in Polymer Science the word 'plastomer' indicates a polymer with the simultaneous behaviour of an elastomer and plastics (thermoplastics), this paper uses the term 'plastomer' to indicate a thermoplastic polymer as it is more commonly found in Civil and Pavement Engineering.) are the most commonly used polymers for bitumen modification. Plastomers provide several advantages and are commonly acknowledged to improve high-temperature stiffness, although some of them are more prone to phase separation and consequent storage instability. Nowadays, due to the recent push for recycling, many road authorities are looking at the use of recycled plastics in roads. Hence, some of the available plastomers-in pellet, flakes, or powder form-are coming from materials recycling facilities rather than chemical companies. This review article describes the details of using plastomers as bitumen modifiers-with a specific focus on recycled plastics-and how these can potentially be used to enhance bitumen performance and the road durability. Chemical modifiers for improving the compatibility between plastomers and bitumen are also addressed in this review. Plastomers, either individual or in combination of two or three polymers, are found to offer great stiffness at high temperature. Different polymers including HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, PP, PS, PET, EMA, and EVA have been successfully employed for bitumen modification. However, each of them has its own merit and demerit as thoroughly discussed in the paper. The recent push in using recycled materials in roads has brought new light to the use of virgin and recycled plastomers for bitumen modification as a low-cost and somehow environmental beneficial solution for roads and pavements.
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Controlled modification of sodium montmorillonite clay by a planetary ball-mill as a versatile tool to tune its properties. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Benli M, Eker Gümüş B, Kahraman Y, Yağcı Ö, Erdoğan D, Huck O, Özcan M. Thermal, structural and morphological characterization of dental polymers for clinical applications. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:176-185. [PMID: 32938878 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpor_2019_534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymers are used in dentistry on a daily basis due to their mechanical, functional and aesthetic properties. However, such biomaterials are subject to deterioration in the oral environment. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the structural properties of five commonly used dental polymers to determine their best clinical indications. METHODS Four hundred-fifty samples of five dental polymers (polyethylenterephthalat - glycol modified (PG), polymethyl methacrylate (PA), ethylene vinyl acetate(E), polycarbonate (PC), polyetheretherketone (PK) were prepared to investigate their thermal, structural and chemical characteristics using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared analysis(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Shore D hardness test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and Levene's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS PK (87.2) and PA (82.4) displayed the highest hardness values and smooth surfaces, as observed with SEM (p<0.001). Silica was detected in PK, PA, and E by EDS and XRD. The highest glass transition temperature was recorded for PC (145.00±2.00°C) and PK (143.00±1.87°C), while the lowest value was measured for E (50.00±2.12°C)(p<0.001).The highest mass loss was detected for PG (91.40±1.40%) by TGA. CONCLUSIONS PA and PK polymers can be used for stress-containing treatments due to their mechanical properties. These two materials are also advantageous in terms of plaque accumulation as these polymers reveal smoother surfaces than other groups. Insufficient physical and thermal properties require the use of E with caution and only in limited clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Benli
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul
| | - Beril Eker Gümüş
- Yıldız Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul
| | - Yusuf Kahraman
- Yıldız Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul
| | - Özlem Yağcı
- Yıldız Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul
| | - Duygu Erdoğan
- Yıldız Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul
| | - Olivier Huck
- Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zürich, Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zürich
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Kim HN, Park CK, Kim IS, Kim SH. Compatibilization of immiscible blends of polypropylene and isosorbide containing copolyester with silica nanoparticles. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Park
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER)Shinshu University Nagano Japan
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano EngineeringHanyang University Seoul Korea
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Shafeeq VH, Unnikrishnan G. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of mechanical, thermal and morphological features of EVA-millable polyurethane blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahdavi R, Goodarzi V, Ali Khonakdar H, Hassan Jafari S, Reza Saeb M, Shojaei S. Experimental analysis and prediction of viscoelastic creep properties of PP/EVA/LDH nanocomposites using master curves based on time-temperature superposition. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19585-466; Tehran Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19945-546, Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; P.O. Box 1115-4563, Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- Department of Resin and Additives; Institute for Color Science and Technology; P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Department of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran Iran
- Leibniz-Institute för Polymerforschung Dresdene. V.; Hohe Straße 6; D-01069 Dresden Germany
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Effects of polyolefin elastomer on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE/CaCO3/LDPE-g-MA/POE composites. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aghjeh MR, Mardani E, Rafiee F, Otadi M, Khonakdar HA, Jafari SH, Reuter U. Analysis of dynamic oscillatory rheological properties of PP/EVA/organo-modified LDH ternary hybrids based on generalized Newtonian fluid and generalized linear viscoelastic approaches. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wilson R, Follain N, Tenn N, Kumar S. A, Thomas S, Marais S. Tunable water barrier properties of EVA by clay insertion? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19527-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclay inclusion into a matrix largely reduces water permeability with a time-scale shift of water flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
| | - N. Follain
- Normandie University
- France
- Université de Rouen
- Laboratoire Polymères
- Biopolymères, Surfaces
| | - N. Tenn
- Normandie University
- France
- Université de Rouen
- Laboratoire Polymères
- Biopolymères, Surfaces
| | - Anil Kumar S.
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- N. S. S. Hindu College
- Changanacherry
- India
| | - S. Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | - S. Marais
- Normandie University
- France
- Université de Rouen
- Laboratoire Polymères
- Biopolymères, Surfaces
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Mata-Padilla JM, Medellín-Rodríguez FJ, Ávila-Orta CA, Ramírez-Vargas E, Cadenas-Pliego G, Valera-Zaragoza M, Vega-Díaz SM. Morphology and chain mobility of reactive blend nanocomposites of PP-EVA/Clay. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Mata-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6; Zona Universitaria; San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 78210 México
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA); Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140; San José de los Cerritos Saltillo, Coahuila 25294 México
| | - Francisco J. Medellín-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6; Zona Universitaria; San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 78210 México
| | - Carlos A. Ávila-Orta
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA); Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140; San José de los Cerritos Saltillo, Coahuila 25294 México
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA); Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140; San José de los Cerritos Saltillo, Coahuila 25294 México
| | - Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA); Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140; San José de los Cerritos Saltillo, Coahuila 25294 México
| | - Mario Valera-Zaragoza
- Universidad del Papaloapan; Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial Tuxtepec, Oaxaca 68301 México
| | - Sofía M. Vega-Díaz
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST); Shinshu University; Wakasato 4-17-1 Nagano Japan
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Immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles on montmorillonite clay and its effect on the morphology of natural rubber nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Masoomi M, Bagheri R, Ahmadkhanbeigi L, Asgari M. Effect of OMMTs on flame retardancy and thermal stability of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/LDPE/magnesium hydroxide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Masoomi
- Chemical Engineering Department Polymer Group; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Rouhollah Bagheri
- Chemical Engineering Department Polymer Group; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadkhanbeigi
- Chemical Engineering Department Polymer Group; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgari
- Chemical Engineering Department Polymer Group; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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Hegde RR, Bhat GS, Spruiell JE, Benson R. Structure and properties of polypropylene-nanoclay composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alateyah AI, Dhakal HN, Zhang ZY. Processing, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates: A Review. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Alateyah
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - H. N. Dhakal
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - Z. Y. Zhang
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
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Modification and improvement of acrylic emulsion paints by reducing organic raw materials and using silica nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2012-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, a specific emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers, in the presence of silica particles, is developed to improve the physical properties of the base polymers and add proper functions to them. With this technique, nanocomposites were made by using two types of nonionic and anionic surfactants. To apply resins as water-based paints, the properties of two nanocomposite latexes were measured and the results were reported. The basic properties of nanocomposite acrylic paints, adhesion, surface hardness, wet scrub, scratch, flammability, gloss and solvent resistance, were evaluated and compared with acrylic paint before adding silica nanoparticles. The nanocomposite acrylic paints especially showed improvement in the reduction of flammability, organic raw materials content, wet scrub resistance, hardness and organic solvents resistance.
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Marchante V, Benavente V, Marcilla A, Martínez-Verdú FM, Beltrán MI. Ethylene vinyl acetate/nanoclay-based pigment composites: Morphology, rheology, and mechanical, thermal, and colorimetric properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marchante
- University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n; 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig; Alicante; Spain
| | - Veronica Benavente
- University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n; 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig; Alicante; Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n; 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig; Alicante; Spain
| | | | - Maria Isabel Beltrán
- University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente s/n; 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig; Alicante; Spain
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Huang G, Guo H, Yang J, Wang X, Gao J. Effect of the Phosphorus–Nitrogen-Containing Quaternary Ammonium Salt Structure on the Flammability Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3027313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and
Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Haichang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical and
Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and
Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory and
Incubator of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianrong Gao
- The State Key Laboratory and
Incubator of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Nanoclay, intumescent flame retardants, and their combination with chemical modification for the improvement of the flame retardant properties of polymer nanocomposites. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Espinoza-Martínez AB, Ramírez-Vargas E, Sánchez-Valdes S, de Valle LFR, Medellín-Rodríguez FJ, Hsiao BS, Rong L, Zaragoza MV. Morphology and mechanical properties of heterophasic PP-EP/EVA/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Singh-Beemat J, Iroh JO. Effect of clay on the corrosion inhibition and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy ester-polyurea-polysiloxane hybrid coatings. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Impact of filler geometry and surface chemistry on the degree of reinforcement and thermal stability of nitrile rubber nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rangasamy L, Shim E, Pourdeyhimi B. Structure and tensile properties of Nanoclay-Polypropylene fibers produced by melt spinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ugel E, Giuliano G, Modesti M. Poly (Ethylene–Co–Vinyl Acetate)/Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay Nature and Compatibilising Agents on Morphological Thermal and Mechanical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/snl.2011.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang G, Wang X, Fei Z, Liang H, Ye Y. Poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared with a novel reactive phosphorus-nitrogen-containing monomer of N-(2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinyl-2-ylamino)ethyl)- acrylamide and its thermal and flame retardant properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Polymers are considered to be good hosting matrices for composite materials because they can easily be tailored to yield a variety of bulk physical properties. Moreover, organic polymers generally have long-term stability and good processability. Inorganic nanoparticles possess outstanding optical, catalytic, electronic and magnetic properties, which are significantly different their bulk states. By combining the attractive functionalities of both components, nanocomposites derived from organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles are expected to display synergistically improved properties. The potential applications of the resultant nanocomposites are various, e.g. automotive, aerospace, opto-electronics, etc. Here, we review recent progress in polymer-based inorganic nanoparticle composites.
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Wu G, Xie Y, Ou E, Zhang L, Xiong Y, Xu W. Preparation, characterization, and properties of sodium montmorillonite clay/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) containing quaternary ammonium cations and photoinitiator nanocomposites via ultraviolet exposure. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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An assessment of the role of morphology in thermal/thermo-oxidative degradation mechanism of PP/EVA/clay nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Huang G, Gao J, Li Y, Han L, Wang X. Functionalizing nano-montmorillonites by modified with intumescent flame retardant: Preparation and application in polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bishara AE, Shaban HI. Thermal, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) Blends. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030903231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Bishara
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Kuwait University , Safat, Kuwait
| | - Habib I. Shaban
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Kuwait University , Safat, Kuwait
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Calcagno CIW, Mariani CM, Teixeira SR, Mauler RS. Morphology and crystallization behavior of the PP/PET nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effect of processing conditions on the structural morphology of PP–EP/EVA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Valera-Zaragoza M, Ramírez-Vargas E, Medellín-Rodríguez FJ. Preparation and morphological evolution of heterophasic PP-EP/EVA/organoclay nanocomposites: Effect of the nanoclay organic modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Przybytniak G, Mirkowski K, Rafalski A, Nowicki A, Kornacka E. Radiation degradation of blends polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lu Y, Larock RC. Novel Biobased Nanocomposites from Soybean Oil and Functionalized Organoclay. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2692-700. [PMID: 16961334 DOI: 10.1021/bm060458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel biobased nanocomposites have been prepared by the cationic polymerization of conjugated soybean oil (CSOY) or conjugated LoSatSoy oil (CLS) with styrene (ST) and divinylbenzene (DVB), and a reactive organomodified montmorillonite (VMMT) clay as a reinforcing phase. This filler has been prepared by the cationic exchange of sodium montmorillonite with (4-vinylbenzyl)triethylammonium chloride in aqueous solution. The nanostructures of the nanocomposites have been determined by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results from WAXD and TEM indicate that a heterogeneous structure consisting of intercalation and partial exfoliation or an intercalation structure exists in the nanocomposites, depending on the amount of VMMT in the polymer matrix. The thermal, mechanical, and organic vapor barrier properties of the nanocomposites have been evaluated by dynamic thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing, and toluene absorption. A significant improvement is observed in the thermal stability, the dynamic bending storage modulus, the compressive modulus, the compressive strength, the compressive strain at failure, and the vapor barrier performance for the CSOY-- and CLS-based nanocomposites with 1-2 wt % VMMT loading, where some individual exfoliated silicate platelets occur. For example, the CLS-based nanocomposite with 1-2 wt % VMMT exhibits increases of 100-128%, 86-92%, and 5-7% in compressive modulus, compressive strength, and compressive strain at failure, respectively. CLS with higher unsaturation and reactivity affords nanocomposites with higher thermal stability and higher mechanical properties than CSOY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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