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Sánchez A, Vélez D, Devesa V. Processes influencing the toxicity of microplastics ingested through the diet. Food Chem 2024; 456:139947. [PMID: 38850610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The present study assesses the effect of culinary treatment and gastrointestinal digestion upon the release of additives present in microplastics. Organic additives were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and inorganic additives using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results revealed a large number of organic additives in the plastic samples, some being classified as possible carcinogens. Contents of Sb in PET (polyethylene terephthalate), Zn and Ba in LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinylchloride), and Ti and Pb in LDPE were also noteworthy. The culinary process promotes the release and solubilization of additives into the cooking liquid, with phthalates, benzophenone, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) and bisphenol A being of particular concern. The solubilization of phthalates and NBBS was also observed during gastrointestinal digestion. This study demonstrates that culinary treatment and gastrointestinal digestion promote release and solubilization of additives from plastics ingested with the diet. Such solubilization may facilitate their entry into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sánchez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Zhang W, Shen J, Guo X, Wang K, Jia J, Zhao J, Zhang J. Comprehensive Investigation into the Impact of Degradation of Recycled Polyethylene and Recycled Polypropylene on the Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Blends. Molecules 2024; 29:4499. [PMID: 39339494 PMCID: PMC11434545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of degradation on plastics is a critical factor influencing their properties and behavior, particularly evident in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) and their blends. However, the effect of photoaging and thermal degradation, specifically within recycled polyethylene (rPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP), on the thermo-mechanical and thermostability aspects of these blends remains unexplored. To address this gap, a range of materials, including virgin polyethylene (vPE), recycled polyethylene (rPE), virgin polypropylene (vPP), recycled polypropylene (rPP), and their blends with different ratios, were comprehensively investigated. Through a systematic assessment encompassing variables such as melting flow index (MFI), functional groups, mechanical traits, crystallization behavior, microscopic morphology, and thermostability, it was found that thermo-oxidative degradation generated hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in rPE and rPP. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved with a 6:4 mass ratio of rPE to rPP, as validated by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic morphology. By establishing the chemical model, the changes in the system with an rPE-rPP ratio of 6:4 and 8:2 were monitored by the molecular simulation method. When the rPE-rPP ratio was 6:4, the system's energy was lower, and the number of hydrogen bonds was higher, which also confirmed the above experimental results. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an increased crystallization temperature in rPE, a reduced crystallization peak area in rPP, and a diminished crystallization capacity in rPE/rPP blends, with rPP exerting a pronounced influence. This study plays a pivotal role in enhancing recycling efficiency and reducing production costs for waste plastics, especially rPE and rPP-the primary components of plastic waste. By uncovering insights into the degradation effects and material behaviors, our research offers practical pathways for more sustainable waste management. This approach facilitates the optimal utilization of the respective performance characteristics of rPE and rPP, enabling the development of highly cost-effective rPE/rPP blend materials and promoting the efficient reuse of waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- School of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jun Jia
- School of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Junting Zhao
- School of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jinshuai Zhang
- School of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, China
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Nguyen TC, Tran TM, Trinh AT, Nguyen AH, Dam XT, Vu QT, Tran DL, Nguyen DT, Le TG, Thai H. Polyoxymethylene/silica/polylactic acid-grafted polyethylene glycol nanocomposites: structure, morphology, and mechanical properties and ozone and UV durability. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2691-2702. [PMID: 35496127 PMCID: PMC9048807 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic that displays high tensile strength, thermal stability, and chemical durability. However, its widespread application is limited by its low elongation at break and thermal durability. In the present study, nanosilica (NS) and polylactic acid-grafted polyethylene glycol (PELA) were used as enhancement additives to improve the performance of POM homopolymer. Specifically, the POM/PELA/NS nanocomposites with a fixed NS content and varying PELA contents were prepared by a melt mixing method. The influence of the additives on the processability, and dynamic thermo-mechanical and tensile properties of the nanocomposites was evaluated by comparing the torque, mixing energy at melt state, storage modulus, shear stress, loss modulus, tan δ, tensile strength, elongation at break and thermal degradation of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the combined addition of NS and PELA enhanced the thermal stability, tensile strength, elongation at break and chemical stability of the POM/PELA/NS nanocomposites owing to the good compatibility between PELA and the POM matrix. Furthermore, the morphology, and UV and ozone durability of POM and the nanocomposites were assessed and discussed. The combined addition of nanosilica (NS) and polylactic acid-grafted polyethylene glycol (PELA) enhanced some properties of polyoxymethylene (POM).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Chinh Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam.,Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Mai Tran
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Anh Truc Trinh
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Anh Hiep Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Xuan Thang Dam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Industry Minh Khai Commune, Bac Tu Liem Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Quoc Trung Vu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education No. 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Dai Lam Tran
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam.,Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Duy Trinh Nguyen
- NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Truong Giang Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam.,Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam
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4
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Chen J, Dong X, Zhang Q, Ding S. Migration of titanium dioxide from PET/TiO2 composite film for polymer-laminated steel. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:483-491. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1577992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Bao Steel Packaging Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- Shanghai Si Jiang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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5
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Nguyen TKN, Kim HG, Kwac LK, Bui QB, Nguyen DM, Jeong H. Titanium dioxide-benzophenone hybrid as an effective catalyst for enhanced photochemical degradation of low density polyethylene. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2018-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a hybrid of titanium dioxide, benzophenone and ethylene vinyl acetate (TiO2-BP-EVA) was used as a novel catalyst to accelerate photo-oxidization reaction of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film under ambient conditions. The degradation of the LDPE films (thickness of ~25 μm) containing different catalyst concentrations were successfully investigated by different techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests. The results showed that the use of catalyst in which TiO2-BP content (1/3 w/w) is 0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin) and EVA content is 4.5 phr in a LDPE film provided the best degradation rate. The carbonyl index of the polymer film achieved the highest value without an equilibrium stage. Besides, the carbon-carbon backbone of the polymer was completely broken down consistent with the deformation of the surface. In addition, the mechanical properties impressively dropped after 3 months’ exposure. The obtained results imply that the TiO2-BP-EVA compound can be considered as an efficient catalyst for the photodegradation of LDPE polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen
- Fine Particles Engineering Group, National Institute for Material Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Polymer and Composite Materials, Faculty of Material Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong Gun Kim
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Ku Kwac
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc Bao Bui
- Sustainable Developments in Civil Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Mao Nguyen
- Department of Polymer and Composite Materials, Faculty of Material Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- LOCIE, Polytech Annecy-Chambery, Université de Savoie Mont Blanc, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France
| | - Hun Jeong
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 55069, Republic of Korea
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Grigoriadou I, Pavlidou E, Paraskevopoulos KM, Terzopoulou Z, Bikiaris DN. Comparative study of the photochemical stability of HDPE/Ag composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chapel A, Boonsin R, Chadeyron G, Boyer D, Bousquet A, Mahiou R, Henrique Cassinelli W, Santilli CV, Therias S. Preparation and characterization of a red luminescent composite composed of an EVA copolymer and a Y3BO6:Eu3+ phosphor. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of red luminescent composites based on an ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer filled with a Y3BO6:Eu3+ phosphor powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chapel
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Rachod Boonsin
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Geneviève Chadeyron
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Damien Boyer
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Angélique Bousquet
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Rachid Mahiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | | | | | - Sandrine Therias
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
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8
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Alvarado J, Acosta G, Perez F. Study of the effect of the dispersion of functionalized nanoparticles TiO2 with photocatalytic activity in LDPE. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Zeghioud H, Khellaf N, Djelal H, Amrane A, Bouhelassa M. Photocatalytic Reactors Dedicated to the Degradation of Hazardous Organic Pollutants: Kinetics, Mechanistic Aspects, and Design – A Review. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2016.1202243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Zeghioud
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis-Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Processes, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Nabila Khellaf
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis-Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Processes, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Hayet Djelal
- Ecole des Métiers de l'Environnement, Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 Boulevard Laennec, Rennes, France
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 Boulevard Laennec, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, ENSCR, CNRS, UMR, Allée de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mohammed Bouhelassa
- LIPE, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, Constantine 3 University, Algeria
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10
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Jian Z, Huang S, Cao Y, Zhang Y. Hydrothermal Preparation and Characterization of TiO2/BiVO4Composite Catalyst and its Photolysis of Water to Produce Hydrogen. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:363-70. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Jian
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control; Guangzhou China
| | - Yaya Cao
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control; Guangzhou China
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11
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Li K, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhang Z. Near room-temperature thermocatalysis: a promising avenue for the degradation of polyethylene using NiCoMnO4 powders. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature thermocatalytic degradation of LDPE is successfully achieved by NiCoMnO4 powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute
- CAAS
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate School of Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyan 621010
- China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials
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12
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Bakar NA, Chee CY, Abdullah LC, Ratnam CT, Ibrahim NA. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of grafted kenaf filled poly (vinyl chloride)/ethylene vinyl acetate composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Pang Y, Watson SS, Sung LP. Surface degradation process affected by heterogeneity in nano-titanium dioxide filled acrylic urethane coatings under accelerated UV exposure. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Ghaebi Mehmandoust S, Alizadeh R, Babaluo AA. Kinetic study of the poly(vinyl chloride)/titanium dioxide nanocomposites photodegradation under accelerated ultraviolet and visible light exposure. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ghaebi Mehmandoust
- Nanostructure Materials Research Center; Sahand University of Technology; PO Box 51335/1996 Tabriz Iran
- Chemical Engineering Faculty; Sahand University of Technology; PO Box 51335/1996 Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Faculty; Sahand University of Technology; PO Box 51335/1996 Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaluo
- Nanostructure Materials Research Center; Sahand University of Technology; PO Box 51335/1996 Tabriz Iran
- Chemical Engineering Faculty; Sahand University of Technology; PO Box 51335/1996 Tabriz Iran
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15
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Synthesis, characterization and self cleaning properties of titania nanoparticles grafted on polyester fabrics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Liu Z, Chen S, Zhang J. Effect of UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers on the photodegradation of ethylene-octene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Liu Z, Chen S, Zhang J. Photodegradation of ethylene–octene copolymers with different octene contents. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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