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Hao F, Chen Y, Sun Z, Qian L. Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Chan YY, Schartel B. It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132562. [PMID: 35808608 PMCID: PMC9269610 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high flammability and smoke toxicity of polyurethane foams (PUFs) during burning, distinct efficient combinations of flame retardants are demanded to improve the fire safety of PUFs in practical applications. This feature article focuses on one of the most impressive halogen-free combinations in PUFs: expandable graphite (EG) and phosphorus-based flame retardants (P-FRs). The synergistic effect of EG and P-FRs mainly superimposes the two modes of action, charring and maintaining a thermally insulating residue morphology, to bring effective flame retardancy to PUFs. Specific interactions between EG and P-FRs, including the agglutination of the fire residue consisting of expanded-graphite worms, yields an outstanding synergistic effect, making this approach the latest champion to fulfill the demanding requirements for flame-retarded PUFs. Current and future topics such as the increasing use of renewable feedstock are also discussed in this article.
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3
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Lu W, Jin Z. Synthesis of phosphorus/nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardants from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde for rigid polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Chan YY, Ma C, Zhou F, Hu Y, Schartel B. A liquid phosphorous flame retardant combined with expandable graphite or melamine in flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yam Chan
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
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5
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Hejna A. Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams' Flammability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4826. [PMID: 34500914 PMCID: PMC8432671 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications, polyurethane foams are easily ignitable, highly flammable, and generate an enormous amount of smoke during combustion. Therefore, proper modifications or additives should be introduced to reduce their flammability. Except for the most popular phosphorus-, halogen-, or nitrogen-containing flame retardants, promising results were noted for the application of clays. Due to their small particle size and flake-like shape, they induce a "labyrinth effect" inside the foam, resulting in the delay of decomposition onset, reduction of smoke generation, and inhibition of heat, gas, and mass transfer. Moreover, clays can be easily modified with different organic compounds or used along with conventional flame retardants. Such an approach may often result in the synergy effect, which provides the exceptional reduction of foams' flammability. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the applications of clays in the reduction of polyurethane foams' flammability, either by their incorporation as a nanofiller or by preparation of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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6
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Wu Q, Liu C, Tang L, Yan Y, Qiu H, Pei Y, Sailor MJ, Wu L. Stable electrically conductive, highly flame-retardant foam composites generated from reduced graphene oxide and silicone resin coatings. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:68-82. [PMID: 33147311 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To acheive flexible polyurethane (PU) foam composites with stable electrical conductivity and high flame retardancy involved first coating of graphene oxide (GO) onto PU foam surfaces and then chemically reducing the GO with hydrazine to form reduced GO (RGO). The RGO-coated PU foam is then dipped into a solution containing silicone resin (SiR) and silica nano-particles and cured. The resulting composites (PU-RGO-SiR) show superior flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical stability relative to the PU starting materials or PU coated with either RGO or SiR alone. The electrical conductivity of the PU-RGO-SiR composites (as high as 118 S m-1 at room temperature) could almost be retained but with small loss of 9.5% of the original value after 150 cyclic compression. When the samples were subjected to a temperature range from -50 to 400 °C, the electrical conductivity could remain constant at -50 °C, 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, and even at 300 °C and 400 °C; the electrical-conductivity exhibited mild vibration but the vibration range was not beyond 5.6%. Flame retardancy tests show that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increases from 14.7% for the pure foam to 31.5% for PU-RGO-SiR, and the PU-RGO-SiR composites exhibit a 65% reduction in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a 30% reduction in total smoke release (TSR). Thus, stable electrically conductive and highly flame-retardant foam composites have potential applications even in a variety of harsh conditions like high temperature, flame, organic solvents, and external compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.
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Vincent T, Vincent C, Dumazert L, Otazaghine B, Sonnier R, Guibal E. Fire behavior of innovative alginate foams. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116910. [PMID: 33049885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new biosourced composite foam (AF, associating foamed alginate matrix and orange peel filler) is successfully tested for fire-retardant properties. This material having similar thermal insulating properties and density than fire-retardant polyurethane foam (FR-PUF, a commercial product) shows promising enhanced properties for flame retardancy, as assessed by different methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) and a newly designed apparatus called RAPACES for investigating large-scale samples. All these methods confirm the promising properties of this alternative material in terms of fire protection (pHRR, THR, EHC, time-to-ignition, flame duration or production of residue), especially for heat flux not exceeding 50 kW m-2. At higher heat flux (i.e., 75 kW m-2), flame retardant properties tend to decrease but maintain at a higher level than FR-PUF. The investigation of the effect of AF thickness shows that the critical thickness (CT) is close to 1.5-1.7 cm: heat diffusion and material combustion are limited to the CT layer that protects the underlying layers from combustion. A multiplicity of factors can explain this behavior, such as: (a) negligible heat conduction, (b) low heat of combustion, (c) charring formation, and (d) water release. Water being released from underlying layers, dilutes the gases emitted during the combustion of superficial layers and promotes the flame extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Vincent
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Chloë Vincent
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Dumazert
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Belkacem Otazaghine
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Sonnier
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Eric Guibal
- IMT - Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France.
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8
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Halogen-free flame retardants for application in thermoplastics based on condensation polymers. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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9
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Günther M, Lorenzetti A, Schartel B. Fire Phenomena of Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101166. [PMID: 30961091 PMCID: PMC6403833 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) typically exhibit low thermal inertia, resulting in short ignition times and rapid flame spread. In this study, the fire phenomena of RPUFs were investigated using a multi-methodological approach to gain detailed insight into the fire behaviour of pentane- and water-blown polyurethane (PUR) as well as pentane-blown polyisocyanurate polyurethane (PIR) foams with densities ranging from 30 to 100 kg/m3. Thermophysical properties were studied using thermogravimetry (TG); flammability and fire behaviour were investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a cone calorimeter. Temperature development in burning cone calorimeter specimens was monitored with thermocouples inside the foam samples and visual investigation of quenched specimens’ cross sections gave insight into the morphological changes during burning. A comprehensive investigation is presented, illuminating the processes taking place during foam combustion. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that in-depth absorption of radiation is a significant factor in estimating the time to ignition. Cross sections examined with an electron scanning microscope (SEM) revealed a pyrolysis front with an intact foam structure underneath, and temperature measurement inside burning specimens indicated that, as foam density increased, their burning behaviour shifted towards that of solid materials. The superior fire performance of PIR foams was found to be based on the cellular structure, which is retained in the residue to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Günther
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandra Lorenzetti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Padova University, v. F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Padova University, v. F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molecular Firefighting-How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10450-10467. [PMID: 29318752 PMCID: PMC6099334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flame-retarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudinger Weg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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11
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molekulare Brandbekämpfung – wie moderne Phosphorchemie zur Lösung der Flammschutzaufgabe beitragen kann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Graduiertenschule “Materials Science in Mainz” Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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12
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Xu L, Xiao L, Jia P, Goossens K, Liu P, Li H, Cheng C, Huang Y, Bielawski CW, Geng J. Lightweight and Ultrastrong Polymer Foams with Unusually Superior Flame Retardancy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26392-26399. [PMID: 28707895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flame-retardant materials are urgently needed to address outstanding issues that pertain to safety. Traditional flame retardants are toxic to the environment and/or lack the physical properties required for use in many contemporary applications. Here, we show that isocyanate-based polyimide (PI) foam, a flammable material, can exhibit unusually superior flame retardancy as well as other excellent properties, such as being lightweight and displaying high mechanical strength, by incorporating red phosphorus (RP)-hybridized graphene. The covalent bonds formed between the graphene platelets and the PI matrix provide the resultant PI foam with a specific Young's modulus (83 kNm kg-1) that is comparable to or even higher than those displayed by state-of-the-art foams, including silica aerogels, polystyrene foams, and polyurethane foams. In addition, even a low content of the RP-hybridized graphene (2.2 wt %) results in an exceptionally higher limiting oxygen index (39.4) than those of traditional flame-retardant polymer-based materials (typically 20-30). The resultant PI foam also exhibits thermal insulation properties that are similar to that of air. Moreover, the RP-hybridized graphene is prepared using a one-step ball milling process in 100% yield, and does not require solvent or produce waste. The preparation of the flame-retardant PI foams can be scaled as the starting materials are commercially available and the techniques employed are industrially compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Xu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pan Jia
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chungui Cheng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianxin Geng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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14
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Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with improved flame retardancy and impact strength by combining of phosphinates and organoclay. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Ding H, Wang J, Wang C, Chu F. Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and nitrogen-containing bio-based polyols and its application in flame retardant polyurethane sealant. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Xi W, Qian L, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu X. Addition flame-retardant behaviors of expandable graphite and [bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-methyl-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester in rigid polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and characterization of aluminum poly-hexamethylenephosphinate and its flame-retardant application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Xu W, Wang G. Synthesis of polyhydric alcohol/ethanol phosphate flame retardant and its application in PU rigid foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Guojian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
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Qian W, Li XZ, Wu ZP, Liu YX, Fang CC, Meng W. Formulation of intumescent flame retardant coatings containing natural-based tea saponin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2782-8. [PMID: 25721245 DOI: 10.1021/jf505898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural product tea saponin (TS), extracted from the nutshell of camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel, Theaceae), was introduced into intumescent flame retardant formulations as blowing agent and carbon source. The formulations of the flame retardant system were optimized to get the optimum proportion of TS, and intumescent flame retardant coatings containing tea saponin (TS-IFRCs) were then prepared. It was found that TS can significantly affect the combustion behavior and the thermal stability of TS-IFRCs evaluated by cone calorimetry and simultaneous thermal analyzer, respectively. It was shown that TS, degraded to water vapor and carbon at high temperatures, can combine with other components to form a well-developed char layer. The char layer was supposed to inhibit erosion upon exposure to heat and oxygen and enhance the flame retardancy of TS-IFRCs. In addition, the smoke release of TS-IFRCs was also studied, which provided a low amount of smoke production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- §Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Li
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Ecological Applied Technology in Forest Area of South China, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wu
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xin Liu
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- #School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Fang
- ⊥Business School, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Meng
- ΔSchool of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Research on highly flame-retardant rigid PU foams by combination of nanostructured additives and phosphorus flame retardants. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wang Z, Wu W, Zhong Y, Ruan M, Hui LL. Flame-retardant materials based on phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and bismaleimide/diallylbisphenol a with improved thermal resistance and dielectric properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mingzhu Ruan
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lin Lin Hui
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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Liu J, Yu Z, Shi Y, Chang H, Zhang Y, Luo J, Lu C. A preliminary study on the thermal degradation behavior and flame retardancy of high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite with a gradient structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Yang H, Wang X, Song L, Yu B, Yuan Y, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Aluminum hypophosphite in combination with expandable graphite as a novel flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Building and Construction; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
- USTC-City U Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Science Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Building and Construction; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
- USTC-City U Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Science Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- USTC-City U Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Science Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Richard K. K. Yuen
- Department of Building and Construction; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
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Jin J, Dong QX, Shu ZJ, Wang WJ, He K. Flame Retardant Properties of Polyurethane/Expandable Praphite Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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