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Huang J, Zhang X, Gu T, Zhang F, Niu Y, Liu S. Effect of Hot-Pressing Process on Mechanical Properties of UHMWPE Fiber Non-Woven Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2611. [PMID: 38893874 PMCID: PMC11173827 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of a hot-pressing process on the mechanical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber non-woven fabrics with stretch and in-plane shear, UHMWPE non-woven fabric samples were prepared by adjusting the temperature, time, and pressure of the hot-pressing process, and mechanical property tests were carried out so as to clarify the influence of the hot-pressing process on the mechanical properties of the samples. The results show that the hot-pressing process mainly affects the silk-glue bonding strength of the samples; in the test range, with the increase in hot-pressing temperature and time, the tensile strength and in-plane shear strength of the samples increase and then decrease, and the best mechanical properties are obtained at 130 °C and 7 min of hot pressing, respectively; at 130 °C, the in-plane shear strength is 39.94 MPa and the tensile strength is 595.43 MPa; at 7 min, the in-plane shear strength is 63.0 MPa and the tensile strength is 643.30 MPa; with the increase in the hot-pressing pressure, the in-plane shear strength of the samples increases and then decreases, and the highest is 52.60 MPa, achieved at 8 MPa; in the range of 5-8 MPa, the tensile strength of the specimens did not change significantly, and increased significantly at 9 MPa, reaching a maximum strength of 674.55 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (F.Z.)
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Jiangsu Xingi High Performance Fiber Products Co., Ltd., Nantong 226400, China
| | - Fubao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (F.Z.)
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Jiangsu Xingi High Performance Fiber Products Co., Ltd., Nantong 226400, China
| | - Susu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (F.Z.)
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2
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Effect of Aging on Unidirectional Composite Laminate Polyethylene for Body Armor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061347. [PMID: 36987127 PMCID: PMC10058555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of ballistic-resistant body armor is experiencing an increasing use of flexible unidirectional (UD) composite laminates that comprise multiple layers. Each UD layer contains hexagonally packed high-performance fibers with a very low modulus matrix (sometimes referred to as binder resins). Laminates are then made from orthogonal stacks of these layers, and these laminate-based armor packages offer significant performance advantages over standard woven materials. When designing any armor system, the long-term reliability of the armor materials is critical, particularly with regard to stability with exposure to temperature and humidity, as these are known causes of degradation in commonly used body armor materials. To better inform future armor designers, this work investigates the tensile behavior of an ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) flexible UD laminate that was aged for at least 350 d at two accelerated conditions: 70 °C at 76% relative humidity (RH) and 70 °C in a desiccator. Tensile tests were performed at two different loading rates. The mechanical properties of the material after ageing demonstrated less than 10% degradation in tensile strength, indicating high reliability for armor made from this material.
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Gharazi S, Mecadon KR, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Al-Sheikhly M. On the mechanism of radiation and thermal-induced degradation of the insulation cables in nuclear power plants-the presence of long-lived polyenyl C-centered radicals. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wahed SB, Dunstan CR, Boughton PA, Ruys AJ, Faisal SN, Wahed TB, Salahuddin B, Cheng X, Zhou Y, Wang CH, Islam MS, Aziz S. Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites for Ligament Reconstructions and Their Targeted Applications in the Restoration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112189. [PMID: 35683861 PMCID: PMC9182730 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of biomaterials as biomedical implants is a significant challenge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and composites of such kind have been extensively used in medical implants, notably in the bearings of the hip, knee, and other joint prostheses, owing to its biocompatibility and high wear resistance. For the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, synthetic UHMWPE is an ideal candidate due to its biocompatibility and extremely high tensile strength. However, significant problems are observed in UHMWPE based implants, such as wear debris and oxidative degradation. To resolve the issue of wear and to enhance the life of UHMWPE as an implant, in recent years, this field has witnessed numerous innovative methodologies such as biofunctionalization or high temperature melting of UHMWPE to enhance its toughness and strength. The surface functionalization/modification/treatment of UHMWPE is very challenging as it requires optimizing many variables, such as surface tension and wettability, active functional groups on the surface, irradiation, and protein immobilization to successfully improve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE and reduce or eliminate the wear or osteolysis of the UHMWPE implant. Despite these difficulties, several surface roughening, functionalization, and irradiation processing technologies have been developed and applied in the recent past. The basic research and direct industrial applications of such material improvement technology are very significant, as evidenced by the significant number of published papers and patents. However, the available literature on research methodology and techniques related to material property enhancement and protection from wear of UHMWPE is disseminated, and there is a lack of a comprehensive source for the research community to access information on the subject matter. Here we provide an overview of recent developments and core challenges in the surface modification/functionalization/irradiation of UHMWPE and apply these findings to the case study of UHMWPE for ACL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia B. Wahed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Philip A. Boughton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Andrew J. Ruys
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Shaikh N. Faisal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science & Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Tania B. Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Bidita Salahuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Chun H. Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Shazed Aziz
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
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Effects of Thermal Aging on Molar Mass of Ultra-High Molar Mass Polyethylene Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071324. [PMID: 35406198 PMCID: PMC9002805 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) is commonly used for ballistic-resistant body armor applications due to the superior strength of the fibers fabricated from this material combined with its low density. However, polymeric materials are susceptible to thermally induced degradation during storage and use, which can reduce the high strength of these fibers, and, thus, negatively impact their ballistic resistance. The objective of this work is to advance the field of lightweight and soft UHMMPE inserts used in various types of ballistic resistant-body armor via elucidating the mechanisms of chemical degradation and evaluating this chemical degradation, as well as the corresponding physical changes, of the UHMMPE fibers upon thermal aging. This is the first comprehensive study on thermally aged UHMMPE fibers that measures their decrease in the average molar mass via high-temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) analysis. The decrease in the molar mass was further supported by the presence of carbon-centered free radicals in the polyethylene that was detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These carbon-centered radicals result from a cascade of thermo-oxidative reactions that ultimately induce C–C ruptures along the backbone of the polymer. Changes in the crystalline morphology of the UHMMPE fibers were also observed through wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), showing an increase in the amorphous regions, which promotes oxygen diffusion into the material, specifically through these areas. This increase in the amorphous fraction of the highly oriented polyethylene fibers has a synergistic effect with the thermo-oxidative degradation processes and contributes significantly to the decrease in their molar mass.
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Research on the Wear Performance of Artificial Knee Joint with Different Geometric Dimension. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hu F, Lu H, Ye Z, Zhang S, Wang W, Gao L. Slow-release lubrication of artificial joints using self-healing polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol/ graphene oxide hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104807. [PMID: 34492404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New fabrication methods and lubrication materials must be developed to improve the lubrication performance of artificial joints and increase the lubrication duration. Herein, a novel polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol/graphene oxide (PVA/PEG/GO) hydrogel was prepared by a physical cross-linking method, and then the hydrogel and its sustained-release solution were used as lubricant for friction evaluation. The results demonstrated that the slow-release gel solution has good lubrication performance, and coefficient of friction (COF) is only 0.04, which is much lower than the COF of distilled water (about 0.08) under the same conditions. The structure characterization results revealed that no new materials are formed in the gel. The results of thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the addition of GO may improve the network crosslinking structure of the PVA/PEG hydrogel and improve its mechanical strength. In addition, PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel has superior self-healing function. The self-healing hydrogel did not break again after being pulled under 200 G of weights. The PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel with excellent slow-release lubricating performance and self-healing properties provides a novel candidate for design of long-term lubricating artificial joints, and is expected to promote the progress of artificial joint lubrication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Hailin Lu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China.
| | - Zishuo Ye
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Shoujing Zhang
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Engelbrecht-Wiggans A, Burni F, Krishnamurthy A, Forster AL. Tensile Testing of Aged Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates for Body Armor. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 55:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04063-w. [PMID: 33041370 PMCID: PMC7542579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible Unidirectional (UD) composite laminates are commonly being used for ballistic-resistant body armor. These laminates comprise UD layers, each constructed by laminating thin layers of high-performance fibers held in place using very low modulus binder resins, with the fibers in each layer oriented parallel to each other. As these materials are used in body armor, it is important to investigate their long-term reliability, particularly with regards to exposure to temperature and humidity as these are known causes of degradation in other commonly used body armor materials. This work investigates the tensile behavior of a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), or PPTA flexible UD laminate aged for up to 150 d at accelerated conditions of 70 °C and 76 % relative humidity (RH). Tests were performed at three different crosshead displacement rates and three different gauge lengths. The effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of the material resulted in less than 10 % degradation in tensile strength, with a more significant reduction in longer specimens when tested at slower rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Engelbrecht-Wiggans
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Faraz Burni
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ajay Krishnamurthy
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L. Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Forster AL, Tsinas Z, Al-Sheikhly M. Effect of Irradiation and Detection of Long-Lived Polyenyl Radicals in Highly Crystalline Ultra-High Molar Mass Polyethylene (UHMMPE) Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050924. [PMID: 31137768 PMCID: PMC6571586 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve properties such as thermal conductivity, low temperature thermal strain, and creep resistance of ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) fibers, several researchers have previously undertaken efforts to crosslink these fibers using radiation. Ionizing radiation is commonly used to crosslink bulk UHMMPE in other applications, such as artificial joints. However, UHMMPE fibers differ from bulk UHMMPE in that they have a higher crystallinity (approximately 85% to 90%) and are very highly oriented during manufacturing in which the fibers are stretched 50 to 100 times their original length. Thus, the amorphous fraction of the UHMMPE fibers is also highly ordered. Several experiments were conducted to crosslink the UHMMPE fibers using both low dose rate (gamma) and high dose rate (electron beam) irradiation, all in the absence of oxygen. In all cases, the tensile strength of the fiber was greatly reduced by the irradiation. The oxidation index was also measured for the irradiated samples, and oxidation was not found to play a major role in the reduction of tensile strength in the fibers after irradiation. While this work did not achieve the desired result of improving the mechanical properties of the UHMMPE fiber, a significant result was found. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the UHMMPE fibers was measured shortly after irradiation, and a mixture of allyl and alkyl radicals were detected. The irradiated samples were stored in dark ambient conditions for at least six years, then reexamined using EPR for free radical characterization. Surprisingly, the gamma-irradiated samples showed clear evidence of long-lived polyenyl radicals present in the material. Free radicals are very reactive species that will typically migrate to the surface of the crystalline domain and decay in a relatively short time through various reactions in the amorphous regions. It is hypothesized herein that due to the high crystallinity and large anisotropy of the highly drawn UHMMPE fiber, the polyenyl radicals were trapped in the crystal phase and were unable to migrate and decay. An experiment was performed to test this hypothesis, by which samples of the irradiated fibers were heated to temperatures above first the alpha relaxation and then melting point of polyethylene, and EPR measurements were taken. Results showed that the polyenyl radical signal persisted below the Tm, but was rapidly eliminated upon melting of the crystals. These experiments support the hypothesis that the long-lived polyenyl radicals are trapped in the crystalline region of the polyethylene fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8300, USA.
| | - Zois Tsinas
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA.
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA.
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11
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Hugely enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of UHMWPE composites with silicone‐coated expandable graphite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Zhang Z, Mogurampelly S, Percec S, Hu Y, Fiorin G, Klein ML, Ren S. Mechanically Strong Polymer Sheets from Aligned Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2652-2658. [PMID: 29703081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is of great interest as a next-generation body armor material because of its superior mechanical properties. However, such unique properties depend critically on its microscopic structure characteristics, including the degree of crystallinity, chain alignment, and morphology. Here, we present a highly aligned UHMWPE and its composite sheets containing uniformly dispersed boron nitride (BN) nanosheets. The dispersion of BN nanosheets into the UHMWPE matrix increases its mechanical properties over a broad temperature range. Experiments and simulation confirm that the alignment of chain segments in the composite matrix increases with temperature, leading to an improvement in mechanical properties at high temperature. Together with the large thermal conductivity of UHMWPE and BN, our findings serve to expand the application spectrum of highly aligned polymer nanocomposite materials for ballistic panels and body armor over a broad range of temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolei Zhang
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Center for the Computational Design of Functional Layered Materials , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Center for the Computational Design of Functional Layered Materials , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Giacomo Fiorin
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Center for the Computational Design of Functional Layered Materials , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Center for the Computational Design of Functional Layered Materials , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
- Temple Materials Institute , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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Comparative study of tribochemistry of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide and polyetherimide in tribo-composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:615-624. [PMID: 29306192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Tribochemical reactions of polymer matrix with steel counterpart can exert an important role in tribofilm's structure, and thereby affect the tribological performance of its composites. EXPERIMENTS In the present work, tribochemistry of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyetherimide (PEI) in tribo-composites was comparatively studied. Two kinds of formulations, i.e. conventional composites filled with carbon fibers and graphite and hybrid nanocomposites containing additional silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, were investigated. FINDINGS It was revealed that when rubbing with steel, molecular chains of UHMWPE were broken and free radicals finally chelated with the counterface. Whereas, PPS molecules underwent thermal decomposition, oxidation and finally ferrous sulfide (FeS) and ferric sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] were generated. Chelating reaction of PEI was identified only for sliding of PEI-based nanocomposite. Tribochemistry of polymer molecules played an important role in tribofilm formation and tribological performance of the conventional composites. When sliding took place with the hybrid nanocomposites at low pv conditions, tribochemistry of polymer molecules played a similar role as for the conventional composites. Nonetheless, at high pv conditions, independent on the polymer matrices, robust tribofilms containing high fraction of silica were generated on the steel counterface, minimizing direct rubbing of the friction pair.
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Xu H, Chen K, Zhang D, Yang X. Torsional friction behavior of the contact interface between the materials of an artificial knee joint replacement. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:562-581. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1426921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Handong Xu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Tsinas Z, Forster AL, Al-Sheikhly M. Oxidation Reactions in Kink Banded Regions of UHMMPE Fiber-Based Laminates Used in Body Armor: A Mechanistic Study. Polym Degrad Stab 2018; 154. [PMID: 30996496 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the synergy between the thermo-mechanical and humidity induced degradation as well as the oxidation reactions in the kink-banded areas of ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) fiber-based laminates used in body armor. For aged materials, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal high concentrations of oxygen containing products, and the EPR results demonstrate the presence of the peroxyl radicals (RO2 • ) in the kink-banded areas. After one year of dark ambient storage, very long-lived RO2 • radicals were observed primarily in the samples exposed to ageing conditions of elevated temperatures, humidity, and mechanical stress. The total percentage of crystallinity, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, of the kinkbanded fibers was unchanged, indicating that the degradation occurs primarily in the amorphous region, and may also involve recrystallization processes of the degraded chains. However, the most abundant orthorhombic crystalline phase decreases from 77 % to 70 %. This decrease in the orthorhombic structure leads to more diffusion of oxygen into the kink-banded region, enhancing the oxidation processes. No changes are observed in the monoclinic phase of the kinked fibers, which remained constant and constituted ~2 % of the total crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zois Tsinas
- Materials Science and Engineering Department of University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda L Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Materials Science and Engineering Department of University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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16
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Zeng Z, Guo B, Li M, Li J, Zhou XD. Experimental and simulated investigation of temperature distribution of UHMWPE laminated composites during hot pressing process. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiao Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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17
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The enhanced compatibility and flame retarding ability of UHMWPE-MH composites by adding phenoxycyclophosphazene (HPCTP). Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bandara WRN, de Silva RM, de Silva KMN, Dahanayake D, Gunasekara S, Thanabalasingam K. Is nano ZrO2 a better photocatalyst than nano TiO2 for degradation of plastics? RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental accumulation of plastic is a huge problem due to its low degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohini M. de Silva
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Colombo
- Colombo 03
- Sri Lanka
| | - K. M. Nalin de Silva
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Colombo
- Colombo 03
- Sri Lanka
| | - Damayanthi Dahanayake
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC)
- Nanotechnology and Science Park
- Homagama
- Sri Lanka
| | - Sunanda Gunasekara
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC)
- Nanotechnology and Science Park
- Homagama
- Sri Lanka
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Chen L, Wang C, Wu Z, Wu G, Huang Y. Atomic oxygen erosion behaviors of PBO fibers and their composite: Microstructure, surface chemistry and physical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Worzakowska M, Torres-Garcia E, Grochowicz M. Kinetics of the oxidative decomposition of potato-starch-g-poly(phenyl methacrylate) copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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