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Song X, Xu W, Cai B, Wang L, Luo Z, Wang B. A DOPO-Based Compound Containing Aminophenyl Silicone Oil for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16041449. [PMID: 36837079 PMCID: PMC9963052 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel P/N/Si-containing flame retardant (marked as DASO) was synthesized through an Atherton-Todd reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide and aminophenyl silicone oil, and further used for reducing fire hazards of polycarbonate (PC). The chemical structure of DASO was verified via FTIR, 1H, and 31P NMR. Upon the incorporation of 2 wt% DASO, the FRPC composite achieved a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.2% and a desired UL-94 V-0 rating. In this case, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 26% and 44% as compared with the pure PC, respectively. The improved fire safety contributed to the flame retardant roles of DASO in both the condensed phase and gas phase. The presence of DASO promoted the formation of dense and highly graphited char layer in the condensed phase, and released non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals in the gas phase. Furthermore, the FRPC composites displayed comparable elongation at break but a slightly reduced tensile and impact strength.
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2
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KCl nanoparticles-loaded octaphenylsilsesquioxane as an efficient flame retardant for polycarbonate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Bizet B, Grau E, Asua JM, Cramail H. Hybrid – Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes (H‐NIPUs): A pathway Towards a Broad Range of Novel Materials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bizet
- LCPO – UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP 16 Avenue Pey Berland Bât. A Pessac 33607 France
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia – San Sebastián 20018 Spain
| | - Etienne Grau
- LCPO – UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP 16 Avenue Pey Berland Bât. A Pessac 33607 France
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia – San Sebastián 20018 Spain
| | - Henri Cramail
- LCPO – UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP 16 Avenue Pey Berland Bât. A Pessac 33607 France
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4
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Wang W, Li Y, Wei J, Luo Z, Pan C, Liu C. A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes derivative: Synthesis and characterization. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Yang H, Yue H, Zhao X, Song M, Guo J, Cui Y, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Wang DY. Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3656. [PMID: 32824969 PMCID: PMC7503750 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC's flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC's flame retardancy and its mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hangbo Yue
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
- Guangzhou Vocational and Technical University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Minzimo Song
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihua Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | | | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.P.F.-B.); (D.-Y.W.)
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6
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Lu X, Yao Q, Cao W, Tang T. An Extremely Efficient Silylated Benzensulfonate Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3550. [PMID: 32806614 PMCID: PMC7475980 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An extremely efficient flame retardant with low water solubility has been developed for bisphenol-A based polycarbonate. Potassium trimethylsilylbenzenesulfonate (KTSS) combining trimethylsilyl and sulfonate groups in its molecule is 7 times less water soluble and 5 times more effective in flame retardancy than potassium benzenesulfonylbenzenesulfonate (KSS), the commercial workhorse for polycarbonate (PC). At a loading of 0.02%, KTSS enables PC to achieve a solid UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34.4%, representing an increase of 8.5 units. The extremely high efficiency of KTSS stems from its great migration ability to the burning polymer surface facilitated by trimethylsilyl group, its timely release of active alkaline species that promote the charring process of PC, and the stabilization of char by silicon. In addition to the exceptional flame retardancy, PC/KTSS retains excellent physical properties of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (T.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (T.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (T.T.)
| | - Tianbo Tang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (T.T.)
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7
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Chen Y, Wu X, Qian L. Flame‐retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant on polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
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Enhanced compatibility of starch with poly(lactic acid) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) by incorporation of POSS nanoparticles: Study on thermal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:578-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Study on the effects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on compatibility, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Lin J, Li J, Li X, Guan Y, Wang G, Chen L. Flame retardancy and toughening modification of glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate composites. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Wei YX, Deng C, Zhao ZY, Wang YZ. A novel organic-inorganic hybrid SiO2@DPP for the fire retardance of polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Liu N, Yu J, Meng Y, Liu Y. Hyperbranched Polysiloxanes Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Cages with Ultra-High Molecular Weight and Structural Tuneability. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10050496. [PMID: 30966530 PMCID: PMC6415398 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched siloxane-based polymers with ultra-high molecular weight were synthesized by the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction between octakis(dimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane with different dialkoxysilanes, using tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane as the catalyst. The origin of the high molecular weight is explained by the high reactivity of the catalyst and strain energy of isolated small molecule in which all eight silane groups close into rings on the sides of a single cubic cage. The structural tuneability was further demonstrated by use of methyl(3-chloropropyl)diethoxysilane, which generates a polymer with similar ultra-high molecular weight. Introduction of phosphonate groups through the chloropropyl sites later leads to functionalized polymers which can encapsulate various transition metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Jianyi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yaoyong Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wen W, Guo J, Zhao X, Li X, Yang H, Chen JK. Synthesis of an Efficient S/N-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Polycarbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E441. [PMID: 30966476 PMCID: PMC6415229 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the poor compatibility and water-resistance of sulfonate flame retardants for polycarbonate (PC), an efficient S/N-based flame retardant named 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(phenyl-4-sulfonyl-melamine)adamantane (ASN) has been developed. Fire properties studies of PC/ASN blends indicate that the addition of 0.10 wt % ASN imparts a V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.1% to PC specimens, and ASN can suppress the heat and toxic gas release of PC composites. Additionally, PC/ASN blends are believed to be exceptional materials for outdoor PC applications due to their superior water-resistance properties. Moreover, mechanical properties were further systematically investigated, and the correlative results indicate that the tensile strength and rigidity of specimens are improved with the addition of ASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiu Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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14
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Bautista Y, Gozalbo A, Mestre S, Sanz V. Thermal Degradation Mechanism of a Thermostable Polyester Stabilized with an Open-Cage Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. MATERIALS 2017; 11:ma11010022. [PMID: 29295542 PMCID: PMC5793520 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A polyester composite was prepared through the polymerization of an unsaturated ester resin with styrene and an open-cage oligomeric silsesquioxane with methacrylate groups. The effect of the open-cage oligomeric silsesquioxane on the thermal stability of the thermostable polyester was studied using both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that the methacryl oligomeric silsesquioxane improved the thermal stability of the polyester. The decomposition mechanism of the polyester/oligomer silsesquioxane composite was proposed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Bautista
- University Institute of Ceramic Technology, Jaume I University, 12006 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Ana Gozalbo
- University Institute of Ceramic Technology, Jaume I University, 12006 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Sergio Mestre
- University Institute of Ceramic Technology, Jaume I University, 12006 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Vicente Sanz
- University Institute of Ceramic Technology, Jaume I University, 12006 Castellón, Spain.
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15
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Xue Z, Zhang W, Yan M, Liu J, Wang B, Xia Y. Pyrolysis products and thermal degradation mechanism of intrinsically flame-retardant carrageenan fiber. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan fiber (CAF) was prepared by a wet spinning method to develop an excellent flame-retardant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
| | - Miao Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Yantai Tayho Advanced Materials Group Co., Ltd
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- Research Institute of Marine Fiber Novel Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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Blanco I, Bottino FA, Cicala G, Latteri A, Recca A. Synthesis and thermal characterization of mono alkyl hepta phenyl POSS/PS nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Yang Y, Kong W, Cai X. Two phosphorous-containing flame retardant form a novel intumescent flame-retardant system with polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Wang Q, Xiong L, Liang H, Huang S. Synergistic Effect of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Flame Retardancy and the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1254510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Liu G, Wu G, Chen J, Huo S, Jin C, Kong Z. Synthesis and properties of POSS-containing gallic acid-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes coatings. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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