1
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Yu Y, Chen J, Ding A, Wang C, Wang Y, Yang L. Synthesis of a Novel P/N-Triazine-Containing Ring Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:871. [PMID: 38611130 PMCID: PMC11013841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the environmental protection and flame retardancy requirements for epoxy resins (EPs) in certain fields, in this study, a novel triazine-ring-containing DOPO-derived compound (VDPD), derived from vanillin, 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), was synthesized using a one-pot method. Flame-retardant epoxy resin (FREP) was prepared by adding various ratios of VDPD to EP and curing with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant properties of the FREP were examined in various tests. According to the results, when the amount of VDPD added to the EP increased, the glass transition temperature of the FREP decreased linearly, and the flame-retardant properties gradually improved. With a 0.4 wt.% P content, the vertical burning rating of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 (according to the theoretical content of VDPD) reached the V-0 level, and the LOI value reached 33.1%. In addition, the results of a CCT showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased by 32% in comparison with that of the EP. Furthermore, compared with those of the EP, the tensile strength of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased from 80.2 MPa to 74.3 MPa, only decreasing by 6 MPa, and the tensile modulus increased. Overall, VDPD can maintain the mechanical properties of EP and effectively improve its flame-retardant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junlei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Anxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Changzeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
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2
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Dou Y, Zhong Z, Huang J, Ju A, Yao W, Zhang C, Guan D. A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081920. [PMID: 37112067 PMCID: PMC10144265 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel P/N flame-retardant monomer (PDHAA) was synthesized through reacting phenyl dichlorophosphate (PDCP) with N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). The structure of PDHAA was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PDHAA monomer and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (PM-2) monomer were mixed at different mass ratios, to prepare UV-curable coatings, and then applied to the surface of fiber needled felts (FNFs), to improve their flame retardancy. PM-2 was introduced to reduce the curing time of the flame-retardant coatings and improve the adhesion between the coating and the fiber needled felts (FNFs). The research results indicated that the surface flame-retardant FNFs had a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) and rapidly self-extinguished in a horizontal combustion test and passed a UL-94 V-0 test. At the same time, the CO and CO2 emissions were greatly reduced, and the carbon residue rate was increased. In addition, the introduction of the coating improved the mechanical properties of the FNFs. Therefore, this simple and efficient UV-curable surface flame-retardant strategy has broad application prospects in the field of fire protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Dou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Aixun Ju
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Weiguo Yao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Dongbo Guan
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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3
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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4
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Wu Q, Xiao L, Chen J, Peng Z. Facile fabrication of high‐performance epoxy systems with superior mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wu
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Long Xiao
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Zhihe Peng
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
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5
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Zhong L, Li T, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang D. Simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy composites with hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polysiloxane functionalized halloysite nanotubes. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Sun Y, Zhong S, Luo Q, Yu B, Song J, Tan D. A vanillin‐derived flame retardant based on 2‐aminopyrimidine for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
- College Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
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7
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Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Dendritic-hydroxyzinc stannate loaded carbon nanotubes for enhancing flame retardancy of composite coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Tian T, Zhou Y, Bi L. Low flammability epoxy resin enabled by a phosphaphenanthrene-based oligomer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Pan D, Chang C, Liu H, Liu Z. Preparation of a multifunctional flame retardant epoxy resin containing phosphorus and nitrogen and study of its properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Dawei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Changfan Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Research and Development Sino Polymer Co., Ltd of East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zuozhen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Research and Development Sino Polymer Co., Ltd of East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Shanghai Huayi resin Co., Ltd Shanghai China
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11
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Varganici CD, Rosu L, Bifulco A, Rosu D, Mustata F, Gaan S. Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems from reactive DOPO–based phosphorus additives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Fabrication of hierarchical core-shell carbon microspheres@ layered double hydroxide@ polyphosphazene architecture in flame-retarding polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Abdur Rashid M, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of reversible dynamic bonds containing intrinsically flame retardant biomass thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Duyar H, Çelebi EB, Ayar C, Hacıvelioğlu F. Synthesis and characterisation of epoxy-functional cyclotriphosphazenes and investigation of their thermal behaviour in powder epoxy resin formulations. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2080077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Duyar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Büşra Çelebi
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Ayar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferda Hacıvelioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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15
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology Gazipur‐1707 Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
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16
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Zhi M, Yang X, Fan R, Yue S, Zheng L, Liu Q, He Y. A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems containing non-reactive DOPO based phosphorus additives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lu X, Gu X. Fabrication of a bi-hydroxyl-bi-DOPO compound with excellent quenching and charring capacities for lignin-based epoxy resin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:539-552. [PMID: 35217079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignin-based epoxy resins (EP) were fabricated using lignin, phenol and glyoxal as crosslinking reagents. For improving the flame retardancy, a bi-DOPO compound with bi-hydroxyl structure was successfully synthesized, containing excellent quenching and charring capacities. Good pyrolysis behaviors of as-synthesized flame retardant resulted in significant quenching effect via structure decomposition to release PO and PO2 free radicals for capturing reactive H and OH radicals produced from epoxy combustion. With addition of 0.18 wt% phosphorus, epoxy composite (10% LPG-ER-4) passed V-0 rating with high limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.2%. Cone calorimeter tests showed that heat release (including heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR)) from combustion was reduced with assistance of flame retardant. Char residue analyses illustrated that bi-hydroxyl structure in DOPO-based flame retardant benefited the formation of char layer with higher compactness and integrity to serve as a protective shell of interior epoxy matrix. Furthermore, exterior pore size of char residue was narrowed or blocked to avoid the release of heat and volatiles generated from combustion. This study provided a feasible method to improve flame retardancy of lignin-based EP and proposed flame-retardant mechanism both in gaseous and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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19
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Zhang D, Lu L, Chen L, Wang Y. Synthesis of novel calixarene‐based intumescent flame retardant and application of flame retardant epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingran Zhang
- China People's Police University Langfang City Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Lingang Lu
- China People's Police University Langfang City Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- China People's Police University Langfang City Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- China People's Police University Langfang City Hebei Province People's Republic of China
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20
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Abstract
We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.
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21
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Luo Z, Chen Z, Wei J, Wang D, Chen H, Chen R. A transparent and intumescent phosphaphenanthrene/phenylpyrazole-containing epoxy resin system and its flame retardancy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008321992412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Han Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
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22
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Cheng C, Lu Y, Ma W, Li S, Yan J, Du S. Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20391-20402. [PMID: 35479930 PMCID: PMC9034026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine/melamine composite microencapsulated red phosphorus (RP@PDA/MA) was prepared and applied as the flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP) in this work. For comparison, polydopamine (PDA) coated red phosphorus (RP@PDA) was also prepared. The microstructure, chemical composition and thermal decomposition of the as prepared samples were systematically characterized. The results showed that PDA and PDA/MA shell structures were fabricated successfully via convenient water-based processes at room temperature. The flame retardance of red phosphorus (RP), RP@PDA, and RP@PDA/MA on EP was evaluated. The results showed that EP blending with 7 wt% RP@PDA/MA passed V-0 degree in the vertical burning test (UL-94), reached a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9% and decreased the peak heat release rate of EP by 65.1% in the cone calorimeter test. The satisfactory flame retardance can be attributed to the intumescent flame retardant system consisting of RP@PDA/MA. The PDA and PDA/MA shell structures also improved the compatibility between RP and EP, thus RP@PDA and RP@PDA/MA had less significant impact on the tensile-strain properties of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Lu
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Weining Ma
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Du
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
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23
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24
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Wang W, Wang Z. Facile synthesis of carbon microspheres/tin ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate hybrid for improving the mechanical, flame‐retardant, and thermal properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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25
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26
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Hu P, Zheng X, Zhu J, Wu B. Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- School of Safety Engineering & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Safety and Airworthiness Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- School of Safety Engineering & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Safety and Airworthiness Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- School of Safety Engineering & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Safety and Airworthiness Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Baolin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
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27
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Chen C, Zhou Y, He W, Gao C, Chen X, Guo J, Wang M. Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/polypropylene composites filled with intumescent flame retardant and inorganic synergists. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Weidi He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chengtao Gao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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28
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Wang C, Huo S, Liu S, Zhang Q, Liu Z. Exfoliated and functionalized boron nitride nanosheets towards improved fire resistance and water tolerance of intumescent fire retardant coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Institute of Materials for Optoelectronics and New Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Institute of Materials for Optoelectronics and New Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Shi Liu
- Institute of Materials for Optoelectronics and New Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Heju Polymer Material Co., Ltd Jingzhou Hubei China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Optoelectronics and New Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Institute of Materials for Optoelectronics and New Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
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29
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Chen YK, Lu QX, Zhong G, Zhang HG, Chen MF, Liu CP. DOPO
‐based curing flame retardant of epoxy composite material for char formation and intumescent flame retardance. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Qing Xin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Gang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Hua Gui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Ming Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Can Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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30
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Chen R, Luo Z, Yu X, Tang H, Zhou Y, Zhou H. Synthesis of chitosan-based flame retardant and its fire resistance in epoxy resin. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116530. [PMID: 32718634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant CCD was synthesized by the condensation between cinnamalde and chitosan, followed by the addition reaction with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO), and CCD was named from the initials of the three raw materials. The intermediate product CC and the target product CCD was then characterized by infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The flame retardancy of EP thermosets modified by CCD was dramatically improved. Epoxy resin (EP) with 10wt% CCD passed vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and possessed limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.6 %. Cone calorimeter test exhibited the introduction of 3.5g CCD into 35g EP decreased the total heat release by 38.8 % and decreased the total smoke product by 72.0 %. XPS, FTIR, SEM and Raman tests were proceeded to determine the char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset, and the results showed that char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset possessed dense and compact structure which played a positive effect in blocking the exchange of heat and gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China; West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, China
| | - Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - XueJun Yu
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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31
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Zhai C, Xin F, Cai L, Chen Y, Qian L. Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Fei Xin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Liyun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Huateng Hightech Co., Ltd Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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32
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Wang W, Wang Z. Epoxy resin/tin ethylenediamine tetra‐methylene phosphonate composites with simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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33
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Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092145. [PMID: 32384706 PMCID: PMC7254395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
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34
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Wang F, Wang D, Guo Z. Highly fluorinated F-APP-TiO2 particle with hierarchical core-shell structure and its application in multifunctional superamphiphobic surface: Mechanical robustness, self-recovery and flame retardancy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:777-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Cheng J, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Ding G, Huo S. Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Chen G, Yu Y, Chen Z, Chen Z, Li C, Zhang Q, Chen T, Jiang J. Fabrication of diatomite‐based microencapsulated flame retardant and its improved fire safety of unsaturated polyester resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Changxin Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
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37
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Zhang W, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Guo W. Preparation and Characterization of Flame-Retarded Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Blends: Effect of Content and Type of Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111784. [PMID: 31683625 PMCID: PMC6918192 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A flame retardant named TAD was synthesized by the reaction of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and triallyl isocyanurate at first. Then, novel flameretarded materials based on PBT and PET resin were formulated via melt blending with TAD, expandable graphite (EG), and a mixture of both. The effect of flame retardant type and TAD content on the flame behavior of PBT/PET blend was carefully investigated. TAD contributed towards higher LOI value and better UL-94 performance than EG. However, the best V-0 rating in the UL-94 test was achieved by the incorporation of TAD/EG mixture into the resin matrix. TAD/EG combination exhibited clear synergistic effect on both reducing the flaming intensity and increasing the residual char layer, as confirmed by cone calorimeter tests and TGA results. SEM images combined with XPS analysis revealed that expansion and migration of EG locked the P-containing radicals from decomposing TAD into the condensed phase, which led to the formation of compact and continuous char layers. All the results in our studies demonstrate that incorporation of TAD with a charring agent EG is an effective and promising technique to develop flame-retarded PBT/PET material, which has high potential for applications in the areas of electronic devices, household products, and automotive parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weihong Guo
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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38
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Xie W, Huang S, Liu S, Zhao J. A biobased Schiff base from protocatechualdehyde and its application in flame-retardant, low-smoke epoxy resin systems. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30815-30822. [PMID: 35529374 PMCID: PMC9072551 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new renewable Schiff base flame retardant 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((oxybis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol) (PH-ODA) was prepared by the reaction of protocatechualdehyde with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). PH-ODA (acting as a carbonization agent) combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as intumescent flame retardants for commercial bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). For the cured epoxy resin containing 7.5% APP and 2.5% PH-ODA, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 29.9% (with the V-0 rating in UL-94 test), and the peak heat release rate and total smoke production were respectively decreased by 88.1% and 68.3%, compared with pure epoxy resin. The enhancement of fire-safety performance was due to PH-ODA/APP promoting the formation of a compact intumescent char structure. It was also found that the synergism between PH-ODA and APP was helpful to enhance the fire resistance of the epoxy matrix. This work provides a facile and sustainable route for synthesizing Schiff base compounds from biomass-derived resources, possessing great potential for application in highly-effective intumescent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
| | - Shiwen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000 +86-13611400566 +86-13609724000
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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39
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Zhang Q, Yang S, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Ding G, Hu Y, Huo S. A DOPO based reactive flame retardant constructed by multiple heteroaromatic groups and its application on epoxy resin: curing behavior, thermal degradation and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Chen R, Dai S, Guo T, Tang H, Fan Y, Zhou H. Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Shensong Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Tong Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
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41
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A novel flame retardant derived from DOPO and piperazine and its application in epoxy resin: Flame retardance, thermal stability and pyrolysis behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Duan H, Ji S, Yin T, Tao X, Chen Y, Ma H. Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Duan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologyWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Sa Ji
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Teng Yin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Huiru Ma
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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43
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Huo S, Liu Z, Li C, Wang X, Cai H, Wang J. Synthesis of a phosphaphenanthrene/benzimidazole-based curing agent and its application in flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Bao Q, Li W, Liu Y, Wang Q. Preparation and properties of phosphorus‐ and silicon‐modified phenolic resin with high ablation resistance. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuru Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials Beijing China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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45
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Hou Y, Hu Y, Qiu S, Liu L, Xing W, Hu W. Bi 2Se 3 decorated recyclable liquid-exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets: Towards suppress smoke emission and improve mechanical properties of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:720-732. [PMID: 30412845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic compounds have been proved superior suppression effect on smoke emission during combustion of polymers. In this work, MoS2/Bi2Se3 (MB) hybrids were prepared by a facile wet chemical method and showed superior performance on smoke suppression of EP matrix during combustion. N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) was employed to exfoliate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in a recyclable method, which showed high efficiency and was recyclable. Exfoliated MoS2 exhibited large surface area and used as carriers to synthesize MB hybrids. Considering the catalytic effect of bismuth and molybdenum, the hybrids had a great influence on the smoke emission behaviors of EP composites. The smoke production was obviously suppressed during the flaming combustion (more than 22% and 23% decrease obtained from cone calorimeter and steady state tube furnace, respectively) or smolder processes (more than 23% decrease obtained from smoke chamber) at only 1 wt% content of MB hybrids. What's more, due to superior dispersion state, the addition of MB hybrids also enhanced the mechanical properties of EP matrix, including wear resistance and tensile property. This work provided a safe and green exfoliation method of MoS2 to prepare polymers/MoS2 composites and also constructed a novel binary hybrids for enhancing combination performances of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Hou
- State key laboratory of fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State key laboratory of fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Longxiang Liu
- State key laboratory of fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weiyi Xing
- State key laboratory of fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State key laboratory of fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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46
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Li A, Mao P, Liang B. The effect of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen reactive flame retardant curing agent on the performance of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1560226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pingli Mao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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47
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Stanfield MK, Stojcevski F, Hendlmeier A, Varley RJ, Carrascal J, Osorio AF, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC. Phosphorus-Based α-Amino Acid Mimetic for Enhanced Flame-Retardant Properties in an Epoxy Resin. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of a phosphonate moiety into a commonly used curing agent, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), via an α-aminophosphonate. This compound (DDMP) can be prepared and isolated in analytical purity in under 1h and in good yield (71%). Thermoset polymer (epoxy-derived) samples were prepared using a room-temperature standard cure (SC) and a post-cured (PC) protocol to encourage incorporation of the α-aminophosphonate into the polymer network, with improved flammability properties observed for the latter. Thermogravimetric analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere showed increased char yield at 600°C, and similar observations were made when analysis was conducted in air. Significant reductions in flammability are observed at very low phosphorus content (P%=0.16–0.49%), demonstrated by higher char yields (25.5 from 14.0% in air), decreased burn time from ignition (60 to 24s), and decreased mass loss after ignition (87.6 to 58.5%). Limiting Oxygen Index for the neat polymer (P%=0%, 20.3±0.8%) increased with increasing α-aminophosphonate additive (P%=0.16%, 20.8±0.6%; P%=0.32%, 21.4±0.4%; P%=0.49%, 22.6±0.8%).
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48
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Qin H, Li X, Zhang X, Guo Z. Preparation and performance testing of superhydrophobic flame retardant cotton fabric. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A superhydrophobic flame retardant coating was fabricated using a simple method of depositing a DAP coating and a H-ZrO2@PDMS coating on the surface of a cotton fabric. Thermal stability tests and vertical burning tests demonstrate the excellent flame retardancy of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Qin
- College of Mechanical and Power Engineering of China Three Gorges University
- Yichang
- People's Republic of China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology
- Henan University of Science and Technology
| | - Xuefei Li
- College of Mechanical and Power Engineering of China Three Gorges University
- Yichang
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Power Engineering of China Three Gorges University
- Yichang
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
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49
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Xia J, Su Y, Li W. Post-polymerization functionalization to a novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing polyether coating for flame retardant treatment of PET fabric. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yumiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Wenmu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
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50
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Xu M, Liu H, Ma K, Li B, Zhang Z. New strategy towards flame retardancy through design, synthesis, characterization, and fire performance of a chain extender in polyamide 6 composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao‐Jun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai‐Chao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Yong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
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