1
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Li D, Lin S, Hao J, He B, Zhang H, Chen M. A Rigid-Flexible and Multi-Siloxane Bridge Strategy for Toughening Epoxy Resin with Promising Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14059. [PMID: 37762362 PMCID: PMC10531251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and multifunctional epoxy resins (EPs) that overcome the shortcomings of flammability and brittleness is crucial for pursuing sustainable and safe application but remains a huge challenge. In this paper, a novel biomass-containing intumescent flame retardant containing a rigid-flexible and multi-siloxane bridge structure (DPB) was synthesized using siloxane; 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO); and biomass vanillin. DPB could facilitate the formation of a carbon residual with an intumescent structure, which effectively blocked the propagation of heat and oxygen. As a result, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of DPB/EP-7.5 decreased by 38.8% and 45.0%, respectively. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile and flexural elongations at break of DPB/EP-7.5 increased by 77.2% and 105.3%, respectively. Impressively, DPB/EP-7.5 had excellent dielectric properties, with a dielectric constant of 2.5-2.9. This was due to the Si-O bonds (multi-siloxane bridges) contained in DPB/EP, which can quench the polarization behavior of the hydroxyl group. This paper provides a facile strategy for the preparation of multifunctional EP, which will pave the way for the promotion and application of EP in the high-end field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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2
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Synthesizing Polyurethane Using Isosorbide in Primary Alcohol Form, and Its Biocompatibility Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020418. [PMID: 36679298 PMCID: PMC9866209 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Isosorbide is a bio-based renewable resource that has been utilized as a stiffness component in the synthesis of novel polymers. Modified isosorbide-based bis(2-hydroxyethyl)isosorbide (BHIS) has favorable structural features, such as fused bicyclic rings and a primary hydroxyl function with improved reactivity to polymerization when compared to isosorbide itself. Polyurethane series (PBH PU series) using polycarbonate diol (PCD) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)isosorbide (BHIS) were polymerized through a simple, one-shot polymerization without a catalyst using various ratios of BHIS, PCD, and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The synthesized BHIS and PUs were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. To determine the feasibility of using these PUs as biomedical materials, we investigated the effects of their BHIS content on PBH PU series physical and mechanical properties. The PBH PU series has excellent elasticity, with a breaking strain ranging from 686.55 to 984.69% at a 33.26 to 63.87 MPa tensile stress. The material showed superb biocompatibility with its high adhesion and proliferation in the bone marrow cells. Given their outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility, the polymerized bio-based PUs can contribute toward various applications in the medical field.
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3
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Wen Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Pei H. Synergistic Effect of 4A Molecular Sieve on Intumescent Ternary H-Bonded Complex in Flame-Retarding of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020374. [PMID: 36679255 PMCID: PMC9861832 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a ternary hydrogen (H)-bonded complex intumescent flame retardant (TH-IFR) of melamine (ME) · phosphoric acid (PA)…pentaerythritol (PER) was synthesized through hydrothermal reaction. The combination of the synthesized TH-IFR with 4A molecular sieve as the synergist was used for the first time to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). The involved structure, morphology, flame retardancy, flame-retarding mechanism and mechanical properties of the prepared PP composites were systematically investigated. The results show that incorporation of 1 wt% synergist 4A shows the optimum synergistic effect, and the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the flame-retarded (FR) PP composites are significantly improved. Incorporation of 4A could change the pyrolysis process of the entire system and promote the char-forming chemical interaction, thereby further enhancing the flame retardancy of FR PP composite. The synergistically flame-retarding mechanism of 4A is explained by the significantly improved quality and quantity of the solid-phase char layer, which is formed through generation of SiO2 and Al2O3 substances, and also participation of PP macromolecular chains in the final char layer formation during burning. Furthermore, the improved dispersion and compatibility of TH-IFR in the composite is largely beneficial to the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
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4
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Fang Q, Zhan Y, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu X, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan B. A bio-based intumescent flame retardant with biomolecules functionalized ammonium polyphosphate enables polylactic acid with excellent flame retardancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Peng F, Yang X, Zhu Y, Wang G. Effect of the symmetry of polyether glycols on structure-morphology-property behavior of polyurethane elastomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Yao Z, Qiu Y, Qian L, Xu B. A novel high phosphorus‐efficiency phosphaphenanthrene curing agent for fabricating flame retardant and toughened epoxy thermoset. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Yao
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Building Materials Academy Beijing China
| | - Yong Qiu
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Bo Xu
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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7
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De Smet D, Wéry M, Bader M, Stachel I, Meyer M, Vanneste M. Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6375. [PMID: 34771901 PMCID: PMC8585382 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flame retardancy is often required in various textile applications. Halogenated flame retardants (FR) are commonly used since they have good FR performance. Several of these components are listed under REACH. Halogen-free FR compounds have been developed as alternatives. So far, not many biobased FR have made it to the market and are being applied in the textile sector, leaving great opportunities since biobased products are experiencing a renaissance. In this study, renewable FR based on sorbitol and isosorbide were synthesised. The reaction was performed in the melt. The resulting biobased FR were characterised via FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cotton fabrics functionalized with the developed biobased FR passed ISO 15025 FR test. After washing, the FR properties of the fabrics decreased (longer afterflame and afterglow time) but still complied with ISO 15025, indicating the biobased FR were semi-permanent. The amount of residue of modified sorbitol and isosorbide measured at 600 °C in air was 31% and 27%, respectively. Cotton treated with biobased modified FR showed no ignition during cone calorimetry experiments, indicating a flame retardancy. Furthermore, a charring of the FR containing samples was observed by means of cone calorimetry and TGA measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Smet
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Madeleine Wéry
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Miriam Bader
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ines Stachel
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Meyer
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Myriam Vanneste
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
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8
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Vaidya SM, Jadhav SM, Patil MJ, Mestry SU, Mahajan UR, Mhaske ST. Recent developments in waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs): a mini-review on thermal and mechanical properties improvement. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122943. [PMID: 33317209 PMCID: PMC7764476 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-rigid composites of polyurethane foams (SRPUF) modified with the addition of keratin flour from poultry feathers and flame retardant additives were manufactured. Ten percent by mass of keratin fibers was added to the foams as well as halogen-free flame retardant additives such as Fyrol PNX, expandable graphite, metal oxides, in amounts such that their total mass did not exceed 15%. Thermal and mechanical properties were tested. Water absorption, dimensional stability, apparent density and flammability of produced foams were determined. It was found that the use of keratin fibers and flame retardant additives changes the foam synthesis process, changes their structure and properties as well as their combustion process. The addition of the filler made of keratin fibers significantly limits the amount of smoke generated during foam burning. The most favorable reduction of heat and smoke release rate was observed for foams with the addition of 10% keratin fibers and 10% expandable graphite. Systems of reducing combustibility of polyurethane foams using keratin fillers are a new solution on a global scale.
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10
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Wang H, Wang S, Du X, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. A novel
DOPO
‐containing
HTBN
endowing waterborne polyurethane with excellent flame retardance and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
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11
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Chen Y, Li L, Wu X. Construction of an efficient ternary flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foam based on bi‐phase flame retardant effect. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Linshan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
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12
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Vahabi H, Rastin H, Movahedifar E, Antoun K, Brosse N, Saeb MR. Flame Retardancy of Bio-Based Polyurethanes: Opportunities and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1234. [PMID: 32485825 PMCID: PMC7361950 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable polymers are emerging fast and have received much more attention in recent years compared to petro-sourced polymers. However, they inherently have low-quality properties, such as poor mechanical properties, and inadequate performance, such as high flammability. In general, two methods have been considered to tackle such drawbacks: (i) reinforcement of sustainable polymers with additives; and (ii) modification of chemical structure by architectural manipulation so as to modify polymers for advanced applications. Development and management of bio-based polyurethanes with flame-retardant properties have been at the core of attention in recent years. Bio-based polyurethanes are currently prepared from renewable, bio-based sources such as vegetable oils. They are used in a wide range of applications including coatings and foams. However, they are highly flammable, and their further development is dependent on their flame retardancy. The aim of the present review is to investigate recent advances in the development of flame-retardant bio-based polyurethanes. Chemical structures of bio-based flame-retardant polyurethanes have been studied and explained from the point of view of flame retardancy. Moreover, various strategies for improving the flame retardancy of bio-based polyurethanes as well as reactive and additive flame-retardant solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr 424, Iran;
| | - Karina Antoun
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LERMAB, F-54000 Nancy, France; (K.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LERMAB, F-54000 Nancy, France; (K.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran 16765-654, Iran
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13
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Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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14
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Wang H, Du X, Wang S, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P-N flame retardants and a Schiff base. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12078-12088. [PMID: 35496638 PMCID: PMC9050904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared. The chemical structures of HEPCP and flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (WPU) (FR-WPU) were characterized via31P, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that HEPCP exhibited excellent thermal stability and produced rich char residue under high temperature compared with the control sample. The Schiff base and cyclotriphosphazene had a synergistic effect on the WPU. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of up to 26.7% were recorded; the dripping behavior was simultaneously improved and achieved a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test by incorporating 0.5 wt% phosphorus. In contrast to the pure WPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the FR-WPU/HEPCP5 decreased by 43.8%. The char residues increased from 0.63% to 6.96%, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a relatively continuous and membranous substance, with few holes. The results of TGA-FIR, Py-GC/MS and SEM indicated that HEPCP displayed a fire-retardant mechanism in the condensed-phase. In addition, the thermomechanical behaviors and the mechanical properties indicated that both mechanical properties and Tgh increased. A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
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15
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Leng Y, Xu M, Sun Y, Li B. Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Leng
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yue Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
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16
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Synthesis of acrylated cardanol diphenyl phosphate for UV curable flame-retardant coating application. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Yao Z, Qian L, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Xu B, Li J. Flame retardant and toughening behaviors of bio‐based DOPO‐containing curing agent in epoxy thermoset. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Yao
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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18
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An effective mono-component intumescent flame retardant for the enhancement of water resistance and fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Borreguero AM, Velencoso MM, Rodríguez JF, Serrano Á, Carrero MJ, Ramos MJ. Synthesis of aminophosphonate polyols and polyurethane foams with improved fire retardant properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Borreguero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
| | - María M. Velencoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
| | - M. José Carrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
| | - María J. Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Avd. Camilo José Cela 1A, 13005, Ciudad Real Spain
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20
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Wang H, Wang S, Du X, Wang H, Cheng X, Du Z. Synthesis of a novel flame retardant based on DOPO derivatives and its application in waterborne polyurethane. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7411-7419. [PMID: 35519980 PMCID: PMC9061200 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09838g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An intumescent flame retardant (DOPO-DAM) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized via a two-step process and then, it was incorporated into waterborne polyurethane to serve as a reactive flame retardant for preparing flame-retarded WPU (FR-WPU). The chemical structures of DOPO-DAM and FR-WPU were confirmed by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and FTIR studies. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of FR-WPU were investigated by TGA, TGA-FIR, Py-GC-MS, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, SEM-EDS analysis, cone calorimeter test and a universal testing machine. The results showed that the conjugation of DOPO-DAM into WPU induced a slight decline in the thermal stability of FR-WPU. However, the incorporation of DOPO-DAM into WPU significantly enhanced the flame retardancy by reducing the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP). In addition, the morphology, elemental composition and content of the residual char of the flame-retarded WPU indicated the important function of DOPO-DAM in the condensed phase. Thus, DOPO-DAM exhibited gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardant effects on the WPU films. An intumescent flame retardant (DOPO-DAM) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized via a two-step process and it was incorporated into waterborne polyurethane to serve as a reactive flame retardant for preparing flame-retarded WPU (FR-WPU).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Shuang Wang
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Haibo Wang
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xu Cheng
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Zongliang Du
- Textile Institute
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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Full substitution of petroleum-based polyols by phosphorus-containing soy-based polyols for fabricating highly flame-retardant polyisocyanurate foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liu L, Wang Z. High performance nano-zinc amino-tris-(methylenephosphonate) in rigid polyurethane foam with improved mechanical strength, thermal stability and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Liu Z, Wu B, Jiang Y, Lei J, Zhou C, Zhang J, Wang J. Solvent-free and self-catalysis synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Huang W, He W, Long L, Yan W, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Highly efficient flame-retardant glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6T system based on a novel DOPO-based derivative: Flame retardancy, thermal decomposition, and pyrolysis behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Effect of Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol and Nanoclay Percentages on the Rheological Behavior of Dispersing Anionic Polyurethane Nanocomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang AH, Deng C, Chen H, Wei YX, Wang YZ. A novel Schiff-base polyphosphate ester: Highly-efficient flame retardant for polyurethane elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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The enhanced compatibility and flame retarding ability of UHMWPE-MH composites by adding phenoxycyclophosphazene (HPCTP). Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bo C, Wei S, Hu L, Jia P, Liang B, Zhou J, Zhou Y. Synthesis of a cardanol-based phosphorus-containing polyurethane prepolymer and its application in phenolic foams. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardanol-based P-containing polyurethane prepolymer (PPUP), a novel cardanol derivative, was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Bo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Shikang Wei
- Technical Department of Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Co., LTD
- Nanjing 210048
- China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Bingchuang Liang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
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