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Li S, Wang C, Wang G, Wang Y, Han Z. Polycarbosilane/Divinylbenzene-Modified Magnesium Hydroxide to Enhance the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4440. [PMID: 38006164 PMCID: PMC10675052 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal decomposition product of magnesium hydroxide (MH) is magnesium oxide (MgO), which serves as the foundational material for fireproof layer construction in the condensed phase. However, the weak interaction force between particles of MgO generated by thermal decomposition leads to the insufficient strength and poor adhesion ability of the fireproof layer. The fireproof layer was easily damaged and detached in this study, resulting in the low flame-retardant efficiency of MH. In this work, polycarbosilane (PCS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) were used to modify MH, and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composites were made via melt blending. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB were evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The thermal stability of the composites and flame retardants was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The char layer structure was observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results indicate that the LOI of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB with 50 wt.% flame retardants in total was as high as 65.1, which increased by 160% in comparison with EVA/MH. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP) of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composite decreased by 22.7% compared to EVA/MH/PCS; the thermal stability of the MH/PCS/DVB and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB improved to some extent; and the compact residual char after the combustion of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB had fewer cracks due to the adhesive effect induced by PCS/DVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhidong Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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2
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Cui X, Wu Q, Sun J, Gu X, Li H, Zhang S. Preparation of 4-formylphenylboronic modified chitosan and its effects on the flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Li Y, Qi L, Liu Y, Qiao J, Wang M, Liu X, Li S. Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142876. [PMID: 35890652 PMCID: PMC9322620 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous advancements of urbanization, the demand for power cables is increasing to replace overhead lines for energy transmission and distribution. Due to undesirable scenarios, e.g., the short circuit or poor contact, the cables can cause fire. The cable sheath has a significant effect on fire expansion. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on flame-retardant modification for cable sheath material to prevent fire accidents. With the continuous environmental concern, polyolefin (PO) is expected to gradually replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for cable sheath material. Moreover, the halogen-free flame retardants (FRs), which are the focus of this paper, will replace the ones with halogen gradually. The halogen-free FRs used in PO cable sheath material can be divided into inorganic flame retardant, organic flame retardant, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR). However, most FRs will cause severe damage to the mechanical properties of the PO cable sheath material, mainly reflected in the elongation at break and tensile strength. Therefore, the cooperative modification of PO materials for flame retardancy and mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. For this review, about 240 works from the literature related to FRs used in PO materials were investigated. It is shown that the simultaneous improvement for flame retardancy and mechanical properties mainly focuses on surface treatment technology, nanotechnology, and the cooperative effect of multiple FRs. The principle is mainly to improve the compatibility of FRs with PO polymers and/or increase the efficiency of FRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leijie Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Junjie Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Maotao Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Shasha Li
- State Grid Hebei Baoding Electric Power Company Limited, Baoding 071051, China;
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4
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Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Magnesium Hydroxide/Polycarbosilane Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010036. [PMID: 35012058 PMCID: PMC8747171 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymer ceramic precursor material—polycarbosilane (PCS)—was used as a synergistic additive with magnesium hydroxide (MH) in flame-retardant ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites via the melt-blending method. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The results revealed a dramatic synergistic effect between PCS and MH, showing a 114% increase in the LOI value and a 46% decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) with the addition of 2 wt.% PCS to the EVA/MH composite. Further study of the residual char by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that a cohesive and compact char formed due to the ceramization of PCS and close packing of spherical magnesium oxide particles. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (TG–FTIR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) were applied to investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of EVA/MH/PCS. The synergistic effect between PCS and MH exerted an impact on the thermal degradation products of EVA/MH/PCS, and acetic products were inhibited in the gas phase.
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5
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Yang J, Chen X, Zhou H, Guo W, Zhang J, Miao Z, He D. Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weichun Guo
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Daihua He
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
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6
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Moradkhani G, Fasihi M, Brison L, Laoutid F, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame retardancy effect of phosphorus graphite nanoplatelets on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer: Physical blending versus chemical modification. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghane Moradkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Fasihi
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Loic Brison
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Henri Vahabi
- CentraleSupélec, LMOPS Université de Lorraine Metz France
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7
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Yang Y, Díaz Palencia JL, Wang N, Jiang Y, Wang DY. Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites. Molecules 2021; 26:4670. [PMID: 34361823 PMCID: PMC8348979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarbon materials have attracted the interest of researchers due to their excellent properties. Nanocarbon-based flame retardant polymer composites have enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with traditional flame retardant composites. In this article, the unique structural features of nanocarbon-based materials and their use in flame retardant polymeric materials are initially introduced. Afterwards, the flame retardant mechanism of nanocarbon materials is described. The main discussions include material components such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene (in preparing resins), elastomers, plastics, foams, fabrics, and film-matrix materials. Furthermore, the flame retardant properties of carbon nanomaterials and their modified products are summarized. Carbon nanomaterials not only play the role of a flame retardant in composites, but also play an important role in many aspects such as mechanical reinforcement. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for future development of carbon nanomaterials in flame-retardant polymeric materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - José Luis Díaz Palencia
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Facile synthesis of phytic acid and aluminum hydroxide chelate-mediated hybrid complex toward fire safety of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Kusakli S, Kocaman S, Ceyhan AA, Ahmetli G. Improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy composites using flame retardants with red mud waste. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Kusakli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Suheyla Kocaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abdullah Ceyhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Gulnare Ahmetli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
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10
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Dang L, Lv Z, Du X, Tang D, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Xu S. Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of molybdenum trioxide doped magnesium hydrate in flexible polyvinyl chloride. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Zhihui Lv
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Xinliu Du
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Delin Tang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Yuntian Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai University Xining China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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11
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Enhanced thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/MoS 2/carbon nanotubes composites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:740. [PMID: 31959835 PMCID: PMC6971244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, few-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was functionalized with metal oxide (MxOy) nanoparticles which served as a catalyst for carbon nanotubes (CNT) growth in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. The resulting MoS2/MxOy/CNT functionalized nanomaterials were used for flame retarding application in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The composites were extruded with a twin-screw extruder with different wt% loading of the nanomaterial. Full morphology characterization was performed, as well as detailed analysis of fire performance of the obtained composites in relation to pristine PLA and PLA containing an addition of the composites. The samples containing the addition of MoS2/MxOy/CNT displayed up to over 90% decrease in carbon oxide (CO) emission during pyrolysis in respect to pristine PLA. Microscale combustion calorimetry testing revealed reduction of key parameters in comparison to pristine PLA. Laser flash analysis revealed an increase in thermal conductivity of composite samples reaching up to 65% over pristine PLA. These results prove that few-layered 2D nanomaterials such as MoS2 functionalized with CNT can be effectively used as flame retardance of PLA.
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12
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Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4273253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.
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13
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DOPO-Functionalized Molybdenum Disulfide and its Impact on the Thermal Properties of Polyethylene and Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111637. [PMID: 31752223 PMCID: PMC6915400 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of conventional or biodegradable polymers with improved thermal and fire-resistant properties is an important task for their successful application in various branches of the industry. In this work, few-layered molybdenum disulfide was functionalized with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and introduced into polyethylene and poly(lactic acid) matrixes. The obtained polyethylene composite samples displayed improved thermal stability, significant reduction in CO emissions, improved fire-resistant properties, and over 100% increases in thermal conductivity. Poly(lactic acid) composites displayed less impressive results, but have managed to improve some values, such as CO emissions, peak heat release rate, and total heat release in comparison to pristine polymer.
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14
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Zuo X, Xue Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Chuang YC, Chang CC, Yin R, Rafailovich MH, Guo Y. Engineering Styrenic Blends with Poly(lactic acid). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yifan Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ya-Chen Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Chung-Chueh Chang
- ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ruilin Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Miriam H. Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Cao K, Guo Y, Zhang M, Arrington CB, Long TE, Odle RR, Liu G. Mechanically Strong, Thermally Stable, and Flame Retardant Poly(ether imide) Terminated with Phosphonium Bromide. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy R. Odle
- SABIC, Mount Vernon, Indiana 47620, United States
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16
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Hu Z, Xu S, Zhao H, Wang Y. Metal‐phenolic networks: A biobased synergist for EVA/APP composites toward enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zai‐Yin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shimei Xu
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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17
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Ren X, Mei Y, Lian P, Xie D, Deng W, Wen Y, Luo Y. Fabrication and Application of Black Phosphorene/Graphene Composite Material as a Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E193. [PMID: 30960177 PMCID: PMC6418513 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and novel route is developed for fabricating BP-based composite materials to improve the thermo-stability, flame retardant performances, and mechanical performances of polymers. Black phosphorene (BP) has outstanding flame retardant properties, however, it causes the mechanical degradation of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). In order to solve this problem, the graphene is introduced to fabricate the black phosphorene/graphene (BP/G) composite material by high-pressure nano-homogenizer machine (HNHM). The structure, thermo-stability, flame retardant properties, and mechanical performance of composites are analyzed by a series of tests. The structure characterization results show that the BP/G composite material can distribute uniformly into the WPU. The addition of BP/G significantly improves the residues of WPU in both of TG analysis (5.64%) and cone calorimeter (CC) test (12.50%), which indicate that the BP/G can effectively restrict the degradation of WPU under high temperature. The CC test indicates that BP/G/WPU has a lower peak release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), which decrease by 48.18% and 38.63%, respectively, than that of the pure WPU, respectively. The mechanical analysis presents that the Young's modulus of the BP/G/WPU has an increase of seven times more than that of the BP/WPU, which indicates that the introduce of graphene can effectively improve the mechanical properties of BP/WPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yi Mei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Peichao Lian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Delong Xie
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Weibin Deng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yaling Wen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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18
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Hou S, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Synergistic effects of synthetic phosphonium sulfonates with expandable graphite on flame retardancy for EVA rubber blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Feng Y, Li X, Zhao X, Ye Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Liu C, Xie X. Synergetic Improvement in Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy/Silver Nanowires Composites by Incorporating "Branch-Like" Flame-Retardant Functionalized Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21628-21641. [PMID: 29856592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The significant fire hazards on the polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIM) used in electronic devices are but often neglected. Also, high filler loading with the incident deterioration of mechanical, thermal, and processing properties limits the further application of the traditional polymer-based TIMs. In this work, a ternary TIMs with epoxy resin (EP) matrix, silver nanowires (AgNWs), and a small amount of flame-retardant functionalized graphene (GP-DOPO) were proposed to address the above questions. Briefly, a facile "branch-like" strategy with a polymer as the backbone and flame-retardant molecule as the branch was first used to functionalize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) toward increasing the flame-retardant grafting ratio and RGO's compatibility in matrix, and the resulted GP-DOPO was then in situ introduced into the EP/AgNW composites. As expected, the incorporation of GP-DOPO (2 wt %) can increase the thermal conductivity to 1.413 W/(m K) at a very low AgNW loading (4 vol %), which is 545 and 56% increments compared to pure EP and EP/AgNW, respectively. The prominent improvement in thermal conductivity was put down to the synergetic effect of AgNW and GP-DOPO, i.e., the improving dispersion and bridging effect for AgNWs by adding GP-DOPO. Moreover, the high flame-retardant grafting amount and the excellent compatibility of GP-DOPO resulted in a strong catalytic charring effect on EP matrix, which further formed a robust protective char layer by combining the AgNW and graphene network. Therefore, the flame retardancy of EP/AgNW was significantly improved by introducing GP-DOPO, i.e., the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production reduced by 27.0, 32.4, and 30.9% reduction compared to EP/AgNW, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhan Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
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Zhou K, Tang G, Gao R, Jiang S. In situ growth of 0D silica nanospheres on 2D molybdenum disulfide nanosheets: Towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:1078-1089. [PMID: 30216967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This report described a facile process for the preparation of 2D/0D MoS2-SiO2 hybrids using a simple in situ growth method, with the purpose of promoting the dispersion of MoS2 in polymer matrices and improving the properties of polymer materials. FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM measurements were performed to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized hybrids which were then introduced into epoxy to reduce flammability. The hybrids dispersed well in the epoxy matrix. No obvious agglomerations were observed. In comparison with those of neat epoxy, the incorporation of a low loading of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids resulted in significant decrements in heat release rate, total heat release and volume of toxic effluents released during combustion, which indicated that the fire hazards of epoxy composites were strongly reduced. The good dispersion, labyrinth barrier effect and the catalytic effect of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids on char formation may contribute to the observed decrease in the flammability of epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, PR China
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