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Chen Q, Huo S, Lu Y, Ding M, Feng J, Huang G, Xu H, Sun Z, Wang Z, Song P. Heterostructured Graphene@Silica@Iron Phenylphosphinate for Fire-Retardant, Strong, Thermally Conductive Yet Electrically Insulated Epoxy Nanocomposites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310724. [PMID: 38429241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The portfolio of extraordinary fire retardancy, mechanical properties, dielectric/electric insulating performances, and thermal conductivity (λ) is essential for the practical applications of epoxy resin (EP) in high-end industries. To date, it remains a great challenge to achieve such a performanceportfolio in EP due to their different and even mutually exclusive governing mechanisms. Herein, a multifunctional additive (G@SiO2@FeHP) is fabricated by in situ immobilization of silica (SiO2) and iron phenylphosphinate (FeHP) onto the graphene (G) surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of G, SiO2 and FeHP, the addition of 1.0 wt% G@SiO2@FeHP enables EP to achieve a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.5%. Besides, both heat release and smoke generation of as-prepared EP nanocomposite are significantly suppressed due to the condensed-phase function of G@SiO2@FeHP. Adding 1.0 wt% G@SiO2@FeHP also brings about 44.5%, 61.1%, and 42.3% enhancements in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of EP nanocomposite. Moreover, the EP nanocomposite exhibits well-preserved dielectric and electric insulating properties and significantly enhanced λ. This work provides an integrated strategy for the development of multifunctional EP materials, thus facilitating their high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Yixia Lu
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiabing Feng
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
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Song X, Xu W, Cai B, Wang L, Luo Z, Wang B. A DOPO-Based Compound Containing Aminophenyl Silicone Oil for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16041449. [PMID: 36837079 PMCID: PMC9963052 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel P/N/Si-containing flame retardant (marked as DASO) was synthesized through an Atherton-Todd reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide and aminophenyl silicone oil, and further used for reducing fire hazards of polycarbonate (PC). The chemical structure of DASO was verified via FTIR, 1H, and 31P NMR. Upon the incorporation of 2 wt% DASO, the FRPC composite achieved a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.2% and a desired UL-94 V-0 rating. In this case, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 26% and 44% as compared with the pure PC, respectively. The improved fire safety contributed to the flame retardant roles of DASO in both the condensed phase and gas phase. The presence of DASO promoted the formation of dense and highly graphited char layer in the condensed phase, and released non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals in the gas phase. Furthermore, the FRPC composites displayed comparable elongation at break but a slightly reduced tensile and impact strength.
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Chen Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Chen T, Qiu R, Liu W. Flame-Retardant and Recyclable Soybean Oil-Based Thermosets Enabled by the Dynamic Phosphate Ester and Tannic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5963-5973. [PMID: 36650640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The demands of safety and sustainability have driven the development of intrinsic flame-retardant biobased polymers from renewable materials. Herein, a mechanically robust, good flame-retardant, and recyclable thermoset was developed from renewable epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) by using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (HEMAP) as the reactive flame retardant and tannic acid (TA) as the charring agent. The flame resistance of the obtained ESO-based thermoset achieved the highest UL-94 of V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index value of 26.7% due to the synergistic flame-retardant effect of phosphate and TA. The flame-retardant mechanisms of the gaseous phase and condensed phase were fully investigated by thermogravimetric infrared, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is confirmed that the incorporation of phosphate and TA could effectively promote the formation of dense carbon layers and delay the pyrolysis of long aliphatic chains. The ternary crosslinking of ESO, HEMAP, and TA via free-radical polymerization and epoxy-ring opening reaction resulted in a rigid network with a high crosslink density, bestowing the thermoset with superior tensile strength (20.0 MPa), flexural strength (36.3 MPa), and bonding strength (16.7 MPa on steel). Moreover, the ESO-based thermoset exhibited a fast stress relaxation behavior due to the transesterification of dynamic β-hydroxyl phosphate esters, which enables the network with thermal-healing ability and recyclability. This study explores a feasible method to prepare an intrinsic flame-retardant polymer from commercially available and renewable vegetable oils and natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Liu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
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Wang YC, Li F, Zhao JP. Novel halogen‐free
Si‐C‐P
flame‐retarding coatings constructed by
DOPO
/flake graphite co‐doping silica fume‐based geopolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling Ministry of Education Mianyang China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jiang Ping Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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6
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Song X, Xu D, Luo Z, Wang B. A silicone diphenylsulfonate for improving the flame retardancy of polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dehuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou People's Republic of China
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7
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Duan Y, Yi P, Ding Y, Li B, Xiong Y, Guo S. Fast fabrication of a light‐scattering polycarbonate with high transmittance, high haze, and excellent flame‐retardant performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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8
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Development of Cotton Fabrics via EVA/SiO2/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Prepared by γ-Irradiation for Waterproof and Fire Retardant Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDevelopment of cotton fabric (CF) properties using nanocomposites via coating method was of considerable interest for wide applications. This article aims at developing CF properties by coating treatment using ethylene–vinyl-acetate (EVA), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and γ-irradiation widely used in waterproof and flame retardant applications. EVA-based nanocomposites, EVA/SiO2, EVA/Al2O3, and EVA/SiO2/Al2O3, were synthesized by γ-irradiation and the highest gel content of 81.2–95.3% was achieved at 30 kGy. The physicochemical properties of EVA-based nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DSC and SEM techniques. Usage of irradiated EVA and EVA-based nanocomposites for treatment of CF by coating technique was successfully achieved. This technique provides a simple and versatile method leading to excellent uniform and smooth surface morphology without aggregation. The weight gain, mechanical properties, thermal properties, water vapor permeability and flame-retardant properties of the modified CF were evaluated. Moreover, compared with control CF, the resistivity of water absorptivity and hydrophobic property and the thermal stability were gained. The flame retardant properties of CF samples were performed using limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning flame tests. LOI percentages of CF/EVA/SiO2, CF/EVA/Al2O3 and CF/EVA/SiO2/Al2O3 increased to 25.3, 27.5, and 29.3%, respectively. Untreated CF ignited and burned rapidly after 5 s. Meanwhile, the treated CF hold flame resistance properties and the burning time prolonged to 25 s. The results of the treated CF providing revealed hydrophobic and protective capability of the fabrics from being destroyed by burning, and support their further use in waterproof and flame retardant applications of fabrics.
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KCl nanoparticles-loaded octaphenylsilsesquioxane as an efficient flame retardant for polycarbonate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Jiang Q, Luo Z, Wang B. A phosphorous/nitrogen/silicon containing diphenylphosphoramide silicon oil toward effective flame retardancy for polycarbonate with comparable mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
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11
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Zhu Y, Wu W, Xu T, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Ma Y, Sui X, Wang B, Feng X, Mao Z. Preparation and characterization of polyphosphazene-based flame retardants with different functional groups. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Luo Y, Miao Z, Sun T, Zou H, Liang M, Zhou S, Chen Y. Preparation and mechanism study of intrinsic hard segment flame‐retardant polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinfu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zongnan Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Tong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Chengdu Kedabochuang Technology Ltd. Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Chengdu Kedabochuang Technology Ltd. Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Yang H, Yue H, Zhao X, Song M, Guo J, Cui Y, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Wang DY. Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3656. [PMID: 32824969 PMCID: PMC7503750 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC's flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC's flame retardancy and its mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hangbo Yue
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
- Guangzhou Vocational and Technical University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Minzimo Song
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihua Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | | | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.P.F.-B.); (D.-Y.W.)
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14
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Improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites modified with a low additive content of silica-microencapsulated phosphazene flame retardant. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Wan L, Deng C, Zhao ZY, Chen H, Wang YZ. Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E429. [PMID: 32059374 PMCID: PMC7077728 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) as a kind of commercial polymer or engineering elastomer is widely used in tires, dampers, suspension elements, etc., because of its unique overall performance. For some NR products, their work environment is extremely harsh, facing a serious fire safety challenge. Accordingly, it is important and necessary to endow NR with flame retardancy via different strategies. Until now, different methods have been used to improve the flame retardancy of NR, mainly including intrinsic flame retardation through the incorporation of some flame-retarding units into polymer chains and additive-type flame retardation via adding some halogen or halogen-free flame retardants into NR matrix. For them, the synergistic flame-retarding action is usually applied to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties, in which some synergistic flame retardants such as organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), carbon materials, halloysite nanotube (HNT), etc., are utilized to achieve the above-mentioned aim. The used flame-retarding units in polymer chains for intrinsic flame retardation mainly include phosphorus-containing small molecules, an unsaturated chemical bonds-containing structure, a cross-linking structure, etc.; flame retardants in additive-type flame retardation contain organic and inorganic flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and so on. Concerning the flame retardation of NR, great progress has been made in the past work. To achieve the comprehensive understanding for the strategy and recent progress in the flame retardation of NR, we thoroughly analyze and discuss the past and current flame-retardant strategies and the obtained progress in the flame-retarding NR field in this review, and a brief prospect for the flame retardation of NR is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.-Z.W.)
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16
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Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Huang R, Kong X. A novel intumescent flame retardant imparts high flame retardancy to epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Physics and Electrical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - ShunPing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Rong‐Yi Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Xue‐Jun Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
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17
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Liu X, Bai Y, Xu J, Xu Q, Xiao L, Sun L, Weng J, Zhao Y. Robust Amphiphobic Few-Layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheet with Improved Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901991. [PMID: 31832324 PMCID: PMC6891918 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (FL-BP) has been intensively studied due to its attractive properties and great potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the intrinsic instability of FL-BP greatly limits its practical application. In this study, the amphiphobic FL-BP is achieved by functionalization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS) on the surface of FL-BP. The obtained PFDTS coated FL-BP (FL-BP/PFDTS) demonstrates enhanced stability, which is not observed during significant degradation for 2 months in high moisture content environment (95% humidity). Particularly, attributing to the surface amphiphobicity, FL-BP/PFDTS exhibits strong surface water repellency in the presence of oleic acid (as the contaminant), while other passivation coating layers (such as hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating) become hydrophilicity under such conditions. Owing to this advantage, the obtained FL-BP/PFDTS demonstrates enhanced stability in high moisture content environment for 2 months, even though the surface is contaminated by oil liquid or other organic solvents (such as oleic acid, CH2Cl2, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). The passivation of FL-BP by amphiphobic coating provides an effective approach for FL-BP stabilization toward future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- Department of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of PhysicsResearch Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhen518057P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Qingchi Xu
- Department of PhysicsResearch Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Liangping Xiao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
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Abstract
The thermal decomposition of leather-product combustion produces some inflammable and harmful compounds after tanning, fat liquoring, dyeing, and finishing processes. These organic compounds are ignited and release a lot of toxic gases and smoke in fire conditions, polluting the atmosphere air. On this account, it is very important to know leather safety performance for fire prevention. The flammability and thermal stability of types of leather at thermal expositions stimulating fire conditions were analyzed. Five types of leather were used in experimental testing, four of animal origin and an artificial one. Results showed that, in the analyzed heat exposure, the highest average heat-release rate (174 kW/m2) and smoke generation, and the lowest temperature of the beginning of thermal decomposition, were recorded for the artificial leather. Leather flammability essentially depends on the type of applied energy stimulus, as well as hide composition and origin. A possible cause for differences in the obtained results of the leather analyses is the percentage of certain leather components and their chemical composition.
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Shao L, Xu B, Ma W, Wang J, Liu Y, Qian L. Flame retardant application of a hypophosphite/cyclotetrasiloxane bigroup compound on polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Shao
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of PlasticsBeijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11 Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
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Abed A, Bouazizi N, Giraud S, El Achari A, Campagne C, Thoumire O, El Moznine R, Cherkaoui O, Vieillard J, Azzouz A. Polyester-supported Chitosan-Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Inorganic-Oxide-Nanoparticles Composites with Improved Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Zhou X, Bai L, Liu X, Ren Y, Song Z, Yang X. Preparation of halogen-free flame retardant polyacrylonitrile via hydrolyzing and grafting with diphenylphosphinyl chloride. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1654392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Bai
- Analytical and Testing center, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ziping Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, 300387, Tianjin, China
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Electrostatic action induced interfacial accumulation of layered double hydroxides towards highly efficient flame retardance and mechanical enhancement of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Zhu ZM, Wang LX, Dong LP. Influence of a novel P/N-containing oligomer on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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