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Du J, Zheng J, Xin C, He Y. Phosphorus/Bromine Synergism Improved the Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1690. [PMID: 38932040 PMCID: PMC11207934 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foams have the characteristics of being lightweight and high strength, as well as offering good heat resistance, minimal water absorption, etc., and they have been widely used in the wind power field. In addition, they are being promisingly applied in automotive, rail, marine, construction, and other related fields. Therefore, the flame retardancy(FR) of PET foams is an issue that requires investigation. The addition of flame retardants would affect the chain extension reaction, viscoelasticity, and foamability of PET. In this study, zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were used to form a synergistic FR system, in which ZDP is an acid source and DBDPE is a gas source, and both of them synergistically produced an expanded carbon layer to improve the flame retardancy of PET foams. The ratio of ZDP and DBDPE is crucial for the carbon yield and the expansion and thermal stability of the char layers. At the ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 9/3 and 7/5, the thickness of the char layers is about 3-4 mm, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of FR modified PET are 32.7% and 33.6%, respectively, and the vertical combustion tests both reached the V-0 level. As for the extruded phosphorous/bromine synergism FR PET foams, ZDP/DBDPE ratios of 3:1 and 2:1 were applied. As a result, the vertical combustion grade of foamed specimens could still reach V-0 grade, and the LOI values are all over 27%, reaching the refractory grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunling Xin
- College of Mechanical and Electronically Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
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2
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Pan F, Jia H, Huang Y, Chen Z, Liang S, Jiang P. Analyzing Temperature Distribution Patterns on the Facing and Backside Surface: Investigating Combustion Performance of Flame-Retardant Particle Boards Using Aluminum Hypophosphite, Intumescent, and Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4479. [PMID: 38231928 PMCID: PMC10707802 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor decorative finishing materials. Flame-retardant particleboard, crucial for fire safety in such applications, undergoes performance analysis that includes assessing temperature distribution across its facing surface and temperature increase on the backside surface during facade combustion, yielding critical insights into fire scenario development. In this study, a compact flame spread apparatus is utilized to examine the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of particle boards, with a specific emphasis on the application of cost-effective flame retardants, encompassing aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP), an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and Dipentaerythritol (DPE), alongside magnesium hydroxide (MDH), and their associated combustion characteristics. The D300°C values, representing the vertical distance from the ignition point (IP) to P300°C (the temperature point at 300 °C farthest from IP), are measured using a compact temperature distribution measurement platform. For MDH/PB, APP + MEL + DPE/PB, and ALHP/PB samples, the respective D300°C values of 145.79 mm, 117.81 mm, and 118.57 mm indicate reductions of 11.11%, 28.17%, and 27.71%, compared to the untreated sample's value of 164.02 mm. The particle boards treated with ALHP, IFR, and MDH demonstrated distinct flame-retardant mechanisms. MDH/PB relied on the thermal decomposition of MDH to produce MgO and H2O for flame retardancy, while APP + MEL + DPE/PB achieved flame retardancy through a cross-linked structure with char expansion, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate during combustion. On the other hand, ALHP/PB attained flame retardancy by reacting with wood materials and adhesives, forming a stable condensed P-N-C structure. This study serves as a performance reference for the production of cost-effective flame-resistant particleboards and offers a practical method for assessing its fire-resistant properties when used as a decorative finishing material on facades in real fire situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangya Pan
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongyu Jia
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shanqing Liang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Jiang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (F.P.); (H.J.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.); (S.L.)
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3
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Wang Y, Piao J, Ren J, Feng T, Wang Y, Liu W, Dong H, Chen W, Jiao C, Chen X. Simultaneously improving the hydrophobic property and flame retardancy of aluminum hypophosphite using rare earth based coupling agent for epoxy composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjiao Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
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4
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Xiao F, Fontaine G, Li K, Bourbigot S. Combination effect of zinc borate in intumescent polybutylene succinate systems: Study of the carbonaceous structures using solid-state NMR. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Ouyang Q, Hao J, Huang X, Li J, Chen X. An investigation of the structure and electrochemical performance of N-doped carbon anodes derived from poly (acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) /pyrolytic lignin/zinc borate. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Zhai G, Li L, Xiang H, Hu Z, Zhou J, Zhu M. Fascinating flame resistance of polycaprolactam copolymer containing
d
‐glucopyranose for melt‐spun flame retardant fibers. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongxun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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7
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Cheng Y, Zhang L, Li C. Preparation of flame retardant glass fiber via emulsion impregnation and application in polyamide 6. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a commonly used reinforcement, glass fiber (GF) can improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastics. However, previous studies have suggested that GF was not good for the flame retardancy of thermoplastics because of “wick effect.” Herein, a novel flame retardant emulsion was synthesized, containing film-former, lubricant, silane coupling agent, and ammonium polyphosphate modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (mAPP). The GF impregnated with flame retardant emulsion and aluminum diethlyphosphinate (ADP) were blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare flame retardant GF reinforced PA6 (FRGFPA6/ADP). The LOI of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 can reach 34.7%, which is much higher than that of GF reinforced PA6 (GFPA6) and it also pass the UL-94 test and reach V-0 rating without dripping. The mHRR, pHRR, and THR of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 are reduced by 44.2, 121.0, and 26.3% compared to GFPA6. After burning, the surface of flame retardant GF can form a carbon layer, which improved the efficiency of interfacial flame retardancy between GF and PA6 and weakened the “wick effect.” At the same time, ADP is added to the matrix to release free radicals to capture oxygen in the air, and carbon layer is formed to isolate the air. The synergistic effect of ADP and mAPP increased the flame retardancy of GFPA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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8
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Liu M, Liu X, Sun P, Tang G, Yang Y, Kan Y, Ye M, Zong Z. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Po Sun
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yongchun Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Mingfu Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Zhifang Zong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
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9
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Yang J, Chen X, Zhou H, Guo W, Zhang J, Miao Z, He D. Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weichun Guo
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Daihua He
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
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10
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Dang L, Lv Z, Liu X. Influences of
4ZnO
·
B
2
O
3
·
H
2
O
whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Zhihui Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Technology Research and Development Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lakes Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China
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11
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12
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Zhang H, Yan L, Wang Y, Zhou S, Liang M, Zou H, Chen Y. Ablation properties of zinc borate and aluminum hypophosphite filled silicone rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Liwei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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13
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Yang S, Zhang B, Liu M, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen D, Wang B, Tang G, Liu X. Fire performance of piperazine phytate modified rigid polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Mengru Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Depeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
- Nanjing Gongda Kaiyuan Environmental Protection Technology (Chuzhou) Co., Ltd. Chuzhou China
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14
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Shi H, Wang Z, Ouyang Q, Hao J, Huang X. In Situ Nitrogen Retention of Carbon Anode for Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Battery. Chemistry 2021; 27:8030-8039. [PMID: 33780051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retaining nitrogen for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon anode is a cost-effective way to make full use of the advantages of PAN for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, a simple strategy has been successfully adopted to retain N atoms in situ and increase production yield of a novel composite PAZ by mixing 3 wt % of zinc borate (ZB) with poly (acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) (PANIA). Among the prepared carbonised fibre (CF) samples, PAZ-CF-700 maintains the highest N content, retaining 90 % of the original N from PANIA. It represents the highest capacity storage contribution (80.55 %) and the lowest impedance Rct (117 Ω). Consequently, the specific capacity increases from 60 mAh g-1 of PANIA-CF-700 to 190 mAh g-1 of PAZ-CF-700 at a current density of 100 mA g-1 . At the same time, PAZ-CF-700 exhibits a good rate performance and excellent long-term cycling stability with a specific capacity of 94 mAh g-1 after 4000 cycles at 1.6 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Centre of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- Beijing Kay Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fibre Preparation Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Engineering Technology Research Centre of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Kingfa Science & Technology Company, Guangzhou, 510520, P. R. China
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Marset D, Dolza C, Fages E, Gonga E, Gutiérrez O, Gomez-Caturla J, Ivorra-Martinez J, Sanchez-Nacher L, Quiles-Carrillo L. The Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on the Fire Retardancy Properties of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3050. [PMID: 33352673 PMCID: PMC7765851 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the work reported here was the analysis and evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as natural flame retardancy filler in partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), with 63% of carbon from natural sources. HNTs are naturally occurring clays with a nanotube-like shape. PA610 compounds containing 10%, 20%, and 30% HNT were obtained in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting blends were injection molded to create standard samples for fire testing. The incorporation of the HNTs in the PA610 matrix leads to a reduction both in the optical density and a significant reduction in the number of toxic gases emitted during combustion. This improvement in fire properties is relevant in applications where fire safety is required. With regard to calorimetric cone results, the incorporation of 30% HNTs achieved a significant reduction in terms of the peak values obtained of the heat released rate (HRR), changing from 743 kW/m2 to about 580 kW/m2 and directly modifying the shape of the characteristic curve. This improvement in the heat released has produced a delay in the mass transfer of the volatile decomposition products, which are entrapped inside the HNTs' lumen, making it difficult for the sample to burn. However, in relation to the ignition time of the samples (TTI), the incorporation of HNTs reduces the ignition start time about 20 s. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain polymer formulations with a high renewable content such as PA610, and a natural occurring inorganic filler in the form of a nanotube, i.e., HNTs, with good flame retardancy properties in terms of toxicity, optical density and UL94 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marset
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.M.); (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Celia Dolza
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.M.); (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Eduardo Fages
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.M.); (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Eloi Gonga
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.M.); (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Oscar Gutiérrez
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.M.); (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.G.-C.); (L.S.-N.)
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.G.-C.); (L.S.-N.)
| | - Lourdes Sanchez-Nacher
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.G.-C.); (L.S.-N.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.G.-C.); (L.S.-N.)
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17
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Flame Retardant Properties and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Wood Treated with Boric Acid Modified Silica Sol. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204478. [PMID: 33050337 PMCID: PMC7600255 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental research on the flame-retardant properties and thermal decomposition kinetics of wood treated by boric-acid-modified silica sol. The poplar wood was impregnated with pure silica sol and boric-acid-modified silica sol. The results showed that modifiers can be observed in the cell wall and cell lumen. The ignition time, second peak of the heat release rate, total heat release, and mass loss of the W-Si/B were delayed obviously. The composite silicon modification had a positive impact on carbonization. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual mass of W-Si/B was enhanced and the thermal degradation rate was considerably decreased. By thermal decomposition kinetics analysis, the boric acid can catalyze the thermal degradation and carbonization of poplar wood. In other words, wood treated with boric-acid-modified silica sol showed significant improvement in terms of flame retardancy, compared with wood treated with common silica sol.
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18
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Zhang X, Li S, Wang Z, Sun G, Hu P. Thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams containing modified layered double hydroxides and zinc borate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1812920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sen Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaohui Sun
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Po Hu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Cao B, Yu T, Sun J, Gu X, Liu X, Li H, Fei B, Zhang S. Improving the fire performance and smoke suppression of expandable polystyrene foams by coating with multi‐dimensional carbon nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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Silicon-containing inherent flame-retardant polyamide 6 with anti-dripping via introducing ethylene glycol as the chain-linker and charring agent. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Ai L, Yang L, Hu J, Chen S, Zeng J, Liu P. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Organic Phosphorus–Nitrogen and Inorganic Boron Flame Retardant on Polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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