1
|
Arcos C, Muñoz L, Cordova D, Muñoz H, Walter M, Azócar MI, Leiva Á, Sancy M, Rodríguez-Grau G. The Effect of the Addition of Copper Particles in High-Density Recycled Polyethylene Matrices by Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235220. [PMID: 36501616 PMCID: PMC9739686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the recycling process and copper particle incorporation on virgin and recycled pellet HDPE were investigated by thermo-chemical analysis, mechanical characterization, and antibacterial analysis. Copper particles were added to pellet HDPE, virgin and recycled, using a tabletop single screw extruder. Some copper particles, called copper nano-particles (Cu-NPs), had a spherical morphology and an average particle size near 20 nm. The others had a cubic morphology and an average particle size close to 300 nm, labeled copper nano-cubes (Cu-NCs). The thermo-chemical analysis revealed that the degree of crystallization was not influenced by the recycling process: 55.38 % for virgin HDPE and 56.01% for recycled HDPE. The degree of crystallization decreased with the addition of the copper particles. Possibly due to a modification in the structure, packaging organization, and crystalline ordering, the recycled HDPE reached a degree of crystallization close to 44.78% with 0.5 wt.% copper nano-particles and close to 36.57% for the recycled HDPE modified with 0.7 wt.% Cu-NCs. Tensile tests revealed a slight reduction in the tensile strength related to the recycling process, being close to 26 MPa for the virgin HDPE and 15.99 MPa for the recycled HDPE, which was improved by adding copper particles, which were near 25.39 MPa for 0.7 wt.% copper nano-cubes. Antibacterial analysis showed a reduction in the viability of E. coli in virgin HDPE samples, which was close to 8% for HDPE containing copper nano-particles and lower than 2% for HDPE having copper nano-cubes. In contrast, the recycled HDPE revealed viability close to 95% for HDPE with copper nano-particles and nearly 50% for HDPE with copper nano-cubes. The viability of S. aureus for HDPE was lower than containing copper nano-particles and copper nano-cubes, which increased dramatically close to 80% for recycled HDPE with copper nano-particles 80% and 75% with copper nano-cubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Arcos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (G.R.-G.)
| | - Lisa Muñoz
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Deborah Cordova
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hugo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mariana Walter
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Manuel I. Azócar
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Ángel Leiva
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mamié Sancy
- Escuela de Construcción Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- CIEN UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Rodríguez-Grau
- Escuela de Construcción Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (G.R.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dynamic Behavior of Thermally Affected Injection-Molded High-Density Polyethylene Parts Modified by Accelerated Electrons. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224970. [PMID: 36433096 PMCID: PMC9695461 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylenes are the most widely used polymers and are gaining more and more interest due to their easy processability, relatively good mechanical properties and excellent chemical resistance. The disadvantage is their low temperature stability, which excludes particular high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) for use in engineering applications where the temperature exceeds 100 °C for a long time. One of the possibilities of improving the temperature stability of HDPE is a modification by accelerated electrons when HDPE is cross-linked by this process and it is no longer possible to process it like a classic thermoplastic, e.g., by injection technology. The HDPE modified in this way was thermally stressed five times at temperatures of 110 and 160 °C, and then the dynamic tensile behavior was determined. The deformation and surface temperature of the specimens were recorded by a high-speed infrared camera. Furthermore, two thermal methods of specimen evaluation were used: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result of the measurement is that the modification of HDPE by accelerated electrons had a positive effect on the dynamic tensile behavior of these materials.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma S, Acharya AD, Thakur YS, Bhawna. Controlled synthesis of hierarchical BiOCl nanostructure with exposed {010} facets to yield enhanced photocatalytic performance for PMMA deterioration. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Gao W, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Tang W. Influence of surface modification of zinc oxide on physical properties of high density polyethylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Effect of Temperature Ageing on Injection Molded High-Density Polyethylene Parts Modified by Accelerated Electrons. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030742. [PMID: 35160688 PMCID: PMC8837097 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The temperature ageing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) modified by accelerated electrons was studied. Commodity plastic HDPE was used as a basic polymer material which was modified by radiation cross-linking. This polymer was used because of its excellent processability and chemical resistance. Plastic injection molding technology was used for the production of test specimens. These specimens were modified with the dose of radiation 33, 66, 99, 132, 165, and 198 kGy. The prepared specimens were tested to determine: gel content, degree of swelling, temperature stability, and changes in mechanical properties after temperature ageing. The results were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the fracture surfaces. The results of this study confirm that modification of HDPE by radiation cross-linking has a significant effect on increasing temperature stability. It has been shown that HDPE modified by radiation cross-linking can withstand temperatures exceeding the melting point of the original HDPE for a short-term.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang D, Qi X, Zhang W, Yang N, Chen M, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang J, Wang S, Strizhak P, Tang J. Extremely high reinforcement of high‐density polyethylene by low loading of unzipped multi‐wall carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Linjun Huang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jiuxing Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Shicao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Peter Strizhak
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
- L.V. Pysarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials Qingdao University Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nabiyev AA, Olejniczak A, Islamov AK, Pawlukojc A, Ivankov OI, Balasoiu M, Zhigunov A, Nuriyev MA, Guliyev FM, Soloviov DV, Azhibekov AK, Doroshkevich AS, Ivanshina OY, Kuklin AI. Composite Films of HDPE with SiO 2 and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles: The Structure and Interfacial Effects. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102673. [PMID: 34685114 PMCID: PMC8539266 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the influence of two types of nanoparticle fillers, i.e., amorphous SiO2 and crystalline ZrO2, on the structural properties of their nanocomposites with high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The composite films were prepared by melt-blending with a filler content that varied from 1% to 20% v/v. The composites were characterized by small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For both fillers, the nanoaggregates were evenly distributed in the polymer matrix and their initial state in the powders determined their surface roughness and fractal character. In the case of the nano-ZrO2 filler, the lamellar thickness and crystallinity degree remain unchanged over a broad range of filler concentrations. SANS and SEM investigation showed poor interfacial adhesion and the presence of voids in the interfacial region. Temperature-programmed SANS investigations showed that at elevated temperatures, these voids become filled due to the flipping motions of polymer chains. The effect was accompanied by a partial aggregation of the filler. For nano-SiO2 filler, the lamellar thickness and the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing the filler loading. SAXS measurements show that the ordering of the lamellae is disrupted even at a filler content of only a few percent. SEM images confirmed good interfacial adhesion and integrity of the SiO2/HDPE composite. This markedly different impact of both fillers on the composite structure is discussed in terms of nanoparticle surface properties and their affinity to the HDPE matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif A. Nabiyev
- ANAS Institute of Radiation Problems, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan;
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(496)-21-66-275
| | - Andrzej Olejniczak
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Akhmed Kh. Islamov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlukojc
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, 07270 Kiev, Ukraine
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maria Balasoiu
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Musa A. Nuriyev
- ANAS Institute of Radiation Problems, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan;
| | - Fovzi M. Guliyev
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan;
| | - Dmytro V. Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, 07270 Kiev, Ukraine
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aidos K. Azhibekov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute of Natural Science, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ministry of Energy, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander S. Doroshkevich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olga Yu. Ivanshina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marin CN, Malaescu I, Sfirloaga P, Teusdea A. Electric and magnetic properties of a composite consisting of silicone rubber and ferrofluid. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Nayak C, Balani K. Effects of reinforcements and
gamma‐irradiation
on wear performance of
ultra‐high
molecular weight polyethylene as acetabular cup liner in
hip‐joint
arthroplasty: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Nayak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India
| | - Kantesh Balani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India
- Advanced Centre for Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuklin AI, Ivankov OI, Rogachev AV, Soloviov DV, Islamov AK, Skoi VV, Kovalev YS, Vlasov AV, Ryzykau YL, Soloviev AG, Kucerka N, Gordeliy VI. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering at the Pulsed Reactor IBR-2: Current Status and Prospects. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Use of gamma irradiation technology for modification of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals/chitosan nanocomposite film. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117144. [PMID: 33278962 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of different gamma ray dosages (5, 10, and 10 kGy) on the structural, mechanical, surface and barrier properties of chitosan (Ch) based nanocomposite film. The results showed gamma irradiation caused an increase in the surface hydrophobicity, water vapor permeability and sensitivity of films to water and also, yellowness and opacity of films increased, simultaneously. By increasing the irradiation doses up to 10 kGy, the mechanical properties of Ch/BCNC film was significantly enhanced. As observed by FTIR spectra, no change occurred in the chemical functional groups of the films during irradiation. XRD studies confirmed that crystallinity of films was increased after irradiation. The nanocomposite film irradiated by 10 kGy had the highest thermal stability. In conclusion, gamma radiation can be considered as a safe method for sterilization of foods and modification of Ch/BCNC film properties.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar KVA, Raghavendra M, Hegde VN, Prakash APG, Ravikumar HB. Gamma irradiation induced microstructural modification and electrical conductivity of bakelite resistive plate chamber material. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
13
|
Anbalagan AK, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Kumar RR, Chueh YL, Tai NH, Lee CH. Consequences of gamma-ray irradiation on structural and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS polymer in air and vacuum environments. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20752-20759. [PMID: 35479356 PMCID: PMC9034154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effects of gamma-ray irradiation (up to 3 kGy) on the structural and electronic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), irradiated in air and vacuum environments are systematically investigated. Raman spectroscopy indicates that there is no significant change in structural conformation of PEDOT:PSS film after gamma-ray irradiation. However, the conductivity of the film decreases as a function of dose in both air and vacuum environments, which can be deduced as a result of defects created in the structure. Hall effect measurements showed higher carrier concentration when the samples are irradiated under vacuum in comparison to the air environment, whereas mobility decreases as a function of dose irrespective of the environment. Furthermore, the electron spin resonance spectra provided evidence of the evolution of polaron population after gamma-ray exposure of 3 kGy, due to the decrease in charge delocalization and molecular ordering of the molecules. This decrease in conductivity and mobility of the PEDOT:PSS films irradiated in air and vacuum environments can be mainly ascribed to the defects and radical formation after gamma-ray exposure, favoring chain scission or cross-linking of the polymers. Effects of gamma-ray irradiation (up to 3 kGy) on the structural and electronic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), irradiated in air and vacuum environments are systematically investigated.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin kumar Anbalagan
- Department of Engineering and System Science
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Mayur Chaudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Rishi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Engineering and System Science
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A polyurethane (PU)-based powder coating reinforced with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles (V-ZrO2) for thermal stability was developed. Chemical structure, microstructure and thermal degradation kinetics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The peak of aliphatic C–H vibrating bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of V-ZrO2 was a signature of VTMS attachment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveled that, by increase of V-ZrO2 content from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% and then 0.5 wt.%, some agglomerations of nanoparticles are formed in the PU matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings was performed at different heating rates nonisothermally to capture alteration of activation energy (Ea) of degradation of PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings as a function of partial mass loss by using Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Wall–Flynn (FWO) and modified Coats–Redfern isoconversional approaches. It was observed that by addition of 1 wt.% V-ZrO2 to PU resin the early state degradation temperature at 5% weight loss increased about 65 °C, suggesting a physical barrier effect limiting the volatility of free radicals and decomposition products. Incorporation of 5 wt.% ZrO2 led to about 16% and 10% increase in Ea and LnA of blank PU, respectively, which was indicative of higher thermal resistance of nanocomposite powder coatings against thermal degradation. There was also obvious agreement between model outputs and experimental data. The results reveal that nanocomposite coating shows superior thermal properties compared to neat PU powder coatings, and the presence of nano ZrO2 in sufficient amount causes retardation of the thermal decomposition process.
Collapse
|