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Chen Y, Li Y, Peng Y, Zhang D, Ye J, Jiang Y. Preparation of Low-Viscosity Epoxy Resin Sealing Agent and Evaluation of Injection, Plugging, and Degradation Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19992-20002. [PMID: 38737091 PMCID: PMC11080018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The technology of water plugging and increasing production in high water cut reservoirs of low permeability is a common problem in the industry. Epoxy resin, displaying excellent mechanical properties and adherent performance, can easily inject a tiny crack, forming a long-term blocking barrier. This study aimed to investigate an easily injectable degradable epoxy resin sealing material. The injectable performance, long-term stability, and mechanical and plugging properties were comparatively analyzed in the fractured core, and the degradable performance was discussed in the degrading solution. The result showed that the range of R (R is the ratio of EOG and MHHPA) from 1 to 1.1 and the mass fraction range of EMI from 0.01 to 4 wt % are the optimal formulations (EOGM). The curing time from 1 to 12 h could be regulated by adjusting the dosage of EMI, as well as the strength being more than 60 MPa. The plugging agent's initial viscosity is lower than 100 MPa s at 20 °C and injecting pressure is lower than 0.1 MPa. After curing for 24 h, compressive strength was more than 72.76 MPa, 3.6 times higher than that of cement, and the adhesion strength was 4.41 MPa when the contact area was 75.93 cm3. Breakthrough pressures for sealing 1-5 mm fractures were all more than 10 MPa, and the breakthrough pressure for 1 mm crack even reached 29.4 MPa. Epoxy resin/acid anhydride system could be degraded in a mixed solution of phenol-potassium salt-heavy aromatics within 7 days at 60-100 °C, which reduced the plugging well risk of the epoxy resin plugging agent. These results suggest that an epoxy resin/acid anhydride plugging agent can be employed effectively and safely for the injection of tiny cracks, which is of great engineering significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dingyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jiandu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Youshi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil
and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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2
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Sakai A, Kurniawan W, Kubouchi M. Chemical Recycling of CFRP in an Environmentally Friendly Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:143. [PMID: 38201808 PMCID: PMC10780768 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel and environmentally friendly recycling approach for carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was studied using not only nitric acid (HNO3) but also our chosen alkaline, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). The CFRP specimen was first immersed into 8 M HNO3 at 80 °C for 8 h, and then into 0.1 M NaHCO3 at 80 °C for 15 min to obtain resin-free recycled carbon fiber (rCFs). Using this new recycling method, it was shown that the recycling time was reduced to 8.3 h, whereas it originally took 24 h, as reported previously. It was shown that immersing the CFRP specimen into NaHCO3 caused a transesterification reaction with the remaining resin residue on the CF surface, which led to dissolving the resin into the NaHCO3 aqueous solution all at once. Additionally, NaHCO3 produced carbon dioxide gas while reacting with the resin residue; the CO2 gas physically helped removing the resin from the CF's surface. Moreover, evaluating the physical properties of the rCFs demonstrated an improvement in fiber strength and adhesiveness to resin. Therefore, this recycling method was shown to be effective in recovering high-quality rCFs in a relatively short recycling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Sakai
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., 560-2 Okatsukoku, Atsugi 243-0192, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Winarto Kurniawan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Kubouchi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
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3
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Zhu P, Liu M, Yang Y, Liu W, Lu Q, Ding Y, Zhang B, Meng H, Wei Q, Yue M. Recycling Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnet Wastes by Chemical Reaction and Its Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10565-10575. [PMID: 37474454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of short-process bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet waste recycling lies in the effective removal of the cured polymer matrix while protecting the magnetic powder. In this study, the polymer matrix in bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet waste was destroyed using sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, and the effect of the recycling process on the magnetic powders was studied. The nonmagnetic polymer matrix was removed, while the magnetic phase was not destroyed. The carbon and oxygen contents of the recycled magnetic powders decreased by 92.96 and 89.30%, respectively, while the MS (saturation magnetization), Mr (remanence), and Hcj (coercivity) values of the recycled magnetic powders were 99.8, 98.5, and 95.9% of the original magnetic powders, respectively. The curing and decomposition processes of the polymer matrix were also analyzed. During the curing process, dicyandiamide and bisphenol A epoxy resin acted as bridges and skeletons, respectively, finally forming a thermosetting three-dimensional network structure. In the alkaline alcohol solution, the bridges and skeletons were destroyed by the free hydroxyl groups and free hydrogen radicals in ethanol, and small molecular products were dissolved in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Zhu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Min Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yaxuan Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingmei Lu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Hangzhou Kede Magnetic Components Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311500, China
| | - Baoguo Zhang
- Hangzhou Kede Magnetic Components Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311500, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Hangzhou Foresee Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311500, China
| | - Qifeng Wei
- Hangzhou Foresee Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311500, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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4
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Hu J, Zhou Z, Guo F, Sun Z, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yin P, Li Y, Fu S. Investigation of recycling effects on the mechanical properties of short carbon and glass fiber reinforced polyetherimide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Ming Hu
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fang‐Liang Guo
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Zheng Sun
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zi‐Ming Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Peng‐Gang Yin
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yuan‐Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Shao‐Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
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5
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Zhang X, Ma C, Liu P, Huang D, Li P. Recycling of ammonia-cured epoxy resin by oxidative degradation of nitric acid assisted by swelling agent. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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High-Efficiency Carbon Fiber Recovery Method and Characterization of Carbon FIBER-Reinforced Epoxy/4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235304. [PMID: 36501698 PMCID: PMC9736309 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the demand for carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastics for various applications is increasing. As a result, the amount of waste from CFRPs is increasing every year, and the EU Council recommends recycling and reuse of CFRPs. Epoxy resin (EP) is used as a matrix for CFRPs, and amine hardeners are mainly used. However, no research has been conducted on recycling EP/4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)-based CFRP. In this study, the effect of steam and air pyrolysis conditions on the mechanical properties of re-cycled carbon fiber (r-CF) recovered from carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting (epoxy/4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) plastics (CFRPs) was investigated. Steam pyrolysis enhanced resin degradation relative to N2. The tensile strength of the recovered r-CF was reduced by up to 35.12% due to oxidation by steam or air. However, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) tended to increase by 9.18%, which is considered to be due to the increase in functional groups containing oxygen atoms and the roughness of the surface due to oxidation. The recycling of CFRP in both a steam and an air atmosphere caused a decrease in the tensile strength of r-CF. However, they were effective methods to recover r-CF that had a clean surface and increased IFSS.
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8
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Pérez RL, Ayala CE, Opiri MM, Ezzir A, Li G, Warner IM. Recycling Thermoset Epoxy Resin Using Alkyl-Methyl-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:5588-5595. [PMID: 34796334 PMCID: PMC8593865 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a solvent-based green recycling procedure is reported for recycling thermoset epoxy resins (TERs) and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFRECs) employing ionic liquids (ILs) and alcohols under mild conditions. With melting points less than 100 °C, ILs are defined as organic salts, typically composed of bulky cations with organic or inorganic counteranions. As a result of their unique physical properties such as low vapor pressure, relatively high thermal stability, and multifunctional tunability, these solvents are often classified as "green solvents" as compared to traditional organic solvents. In this study, swelling and dissolution of TER are evaluated in the presence of pure alkyl-methyl-imidazolium ILs, alcohols, and various mixtures of these co-solvents to determine their swelling and depolymerization capacity at mild temperatures in the absence of catalysts. In these studies, three ILs with different alkyl lengths were evaluated: 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIm][Cl]), 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([HMIm][Br]), and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([OMIm][Br]) along with two alcohols: ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly). The highest swelling capacity of TER at 150 °C was achieved by a combination of [BMIm][Cl] and EG. In addition, swelling and dissolution of TER were evaluated in the presence of several anion variants of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ILs with EG. Complete dissolution of both TERs and CFRECs was achieved in 150 min (2.5 h) at 150 °C under atmospheric pressure. Finally, recovery and reuse of the recycled monomer after dissolution were examined. Recovered epoxy monomers employed to synthesize a recycled TER exhibited similar mechanical properties to the parent TER. In addition, it was demonstrated that carbon fibers could be successfully recovered from CFREC using the recycling method detailed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío L. Pérez
- Chemistry
Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Caitlan E. Ayala
- Chemistry
Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Michelle M. Opiri
- Chemistry
Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Ezzir
- Chemistry
Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department
of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Chemistry
Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Zeng QW, Gao PW, Xu YF, Dong GQ, Chen MM, Zhao JW, Jin GL. Laboratory Research and Evaluation on Design and Application Performance of High-Performance Cold-Mix Resin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174828. [PMID: 34500916 PMCID: PMC8432665 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To improve the safety of orthotropic steel bridge decks and the construction efficiency of bridge deck pavement by enhancing the performance of pavement materials, a new-generation, high-performance cold-mix resin was prepared by carrying out the combination of micro-characteristic analysis and performance test. Meanwhile, the pavement performance and fatigue performance of high-performance cold-mix resin mixtures and hot-mix epoxy saphalt mixtures as a control group were studied experimentally. The results show that different kinds of epoxy resins show bisphenol structure in essence. The curing exothermic peak temperature of the cold-mix resin increases with the heating rate. Both the specific heat capacity (△CP) of cold-mix resin and cold-mix resin asphalts exhibit a sudden change between −20 °C and 40 °C. In resin asphalt mixtures, cold-mix resin forms the network structure skeleton whereas the asphalt distributed in the form of tiny particles. The dosage of respective component has a significant effect on the tensile strength and elongation at break of cold-mix resin. Compared with hot-mix epoxy asphalt mixtures, cold-mix resin mixtures exhibit comparable water stability and high and low-temperature performance, as well as greater fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zeng
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; (Q.-W.Z.); (G.-Q.D.)
| | - Pei-Wei Gao
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; (Q.-W.Z.); (G.-Q.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yang-Fu Xu
- Jiangxi Changtong Highway Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330025, China;
| | - Guo-Qing Dong
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; (Q.-W.Z.); (G.-Q.D.)
| | - Man-Man Chen
- Jiangsu Sinoroad Engineering Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.-M.C.); (G.-L.J.)
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Guang-Lai Jin
- Jiangsu Sinoroad Engineering Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.-M.C.); (G.-L.J.)
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10
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Wang T, Sun Y, Wang S, Li X, Yue Y, Gao Q. Effective Adsorption of Methyl Orange on Organo-Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized by a Multi-Hydroxyl-Containing Gemini Surfactant: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18014-18023. [PMID: 34308036 PMCID: PMC8296568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-hydroxyl-containing gemini surfactant (G16) is first designed for modifying silica precursors (SiNPs), with the purpose of fabricating organic adsorbents targeted at methyl orange (MO). The purity of G16 and structural character of the resultant G16-SiNPs are unveiled through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and surface analysis (BET). Compared with SiNPs, G16-SiNPs exhibit enhanced hydrophobicity, enlarged interlayer spacing, and increased thermal weight losses with the modifier availability reaching as high as 100%. Enhanced MO adsorption is obtained from the higher adsorption capacity of G16-SiNPs (401.88 mg/g) than SiNPs (64.72 mg/g), which is more effective than most of the existing silica-based adsorbents. Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models conform to all adsorption processes, indicating that the adsorption mainly relies on the availability of adsorption sites and characterized by a homogeneous adsorption form. By combining the experimental study and theoretical calculation methods, it can be demonstrated that the as-synthesized adsorbent G16-SiNPs own multi-active sites that contribute to multi-adsorption mechanisms. The partition process, electrostatic interactions, and OH-π interactions are all responsible for the adsorption performance of G16-SiNPs. This study throws light on the exploration of the superb MO adsorbent in aspects of not only the novel structured modifier and precursor but also theoretical analysis for gaining insights into the adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Hoffmann
Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen
Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian
Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Sun
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Hoffmann
Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen
Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian
Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Yue
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies, College of Science, Tibet
University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
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