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He L, Chen MJ, Zeng FR, Wang T, Wei-Luo, Fang DX, Guo SQ, Deng C, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding-enhanced polyurethane foams with long-lasting flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38967543 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is a ubiquitous material utilized in furniture cushions, mattresses, and various technical applications. Despite the widespread use, FPUF faces challenges in maintaining long-lasting flame retardancy and aging resistance, particularly in harsh environments, while retaining mechanical robustness. Here, we present a novel approach to address these issues by enhancing FPUF through multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding mechanisms. A hindered amine phosphorus-containing polyol (DTAP) was designed and chemically introduced into FPUF. The distinctive synergy between hindered amine and phosphorus-containing structures enables the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds with urethane, while also effectively capturing free radicals across a broad temperature spectrum. As a result, incorporating only 5.1 wt% of DTAP led to the material successfully passing vertical burning tests and witnessing notable enhancements in tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength. Even after enduring accelerated thermal aging for 168 hours, the foam maintained exceptional flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This study offers novel insights into material enhancement, simultaneously achieving outstanding long-lasting flame retardancy, toughness, and anti-aging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Wei-Luo
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Dan-Xuan Fang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shuai-Qi Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cong Deng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Fang DX, Chen MJ, Zeng FR, Guo SQ, He L, Liu BW, Huang SC, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Self-evolutionary recycling of flame-retardant polyurethane foam enabled by controllable catalytic cleavage. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38742392 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams, pivotal in modern life, face challenges suh as fire hazards and environmental waste burdens. The current reliance of PU on potentially ecotoxic halogen-/phosphorus-based flame retardants impedes large-scale material recycling. Here, our demonstrated controllable catalytic cracking strategy, using cesium salts, enables self-evolving recycling of flame-retardant PU. The incorporation of cesium citrates facilitates efficient urethane bond cleavage at low temperatures (160 °C), promoting effective recycling, while encouraging pyrolytic rearrangement of isocyanates into char at high temperatures (300 °C) for enhanced PU fire safety. Even in the absence of halogen/phosphorus components, this foam exhibits a substantial increase in ignition time (+258.8%) and a significant reduction in total smoke release (-79%). This flame-retardant foam can be easily recycled into high-quality polyol under mild conditions, 60 °C lower than that for the pure foam. Notably, the trace amounts of cesium gathered in recycled polyols stimulate the regenerated PU to undergo self-evolution, improving both flame-retardancy and mechanical properties. Our controllable catalytic cracking strategy paves the way for the self-evolutionary recycling of high-performance firefighting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Xuan Fang
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Shuai-Qi Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Lei He
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | | | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Fabrication of Rigid Isocyanate-Based Polyimide Foam Achieved Excellent Use Safety via Synergy between Expandable Graphite and Phosphorus-Containing Polyol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061381. [PMID: 36987162 PMCID: PMC10052713 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For the advantages of low cost, excellent thermal insulation, and sound absorption properties, the rigid isocyanate-based polyimide foam (RPIF) presents great application prospects as a building insulation material. However, its inflammability and the accompanying toxic fumes create huge safety hazard. In this paper, reactive phosphate-containing polyol (PPCP) is synthesized and employed with expandable graphite (EG) to obtain RPIF with excellent use safety. EG can be considered as an ideal partner for PPCP to weaken the drawbacks in toxic fume release. Limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), and toxic gas results show that the combination of PPCP and EG can synergistically enhance flame retardancy and the use safety of RPIF owing to the unique structure of a dense char layer possessing a flame barrier and toxic gas adsorption effects. When EG and PPCP are simultaneously applied to the RPIF system, the higher EG dosage will bring higher positive synergistic effects in the use safety of RPIF. The most preferred ratio of EG and PPCP is 2:1 (RPIF-10-5) in this study; RPIF-10-5 shows the highest LOI, low CCT results and specific optical density of smoke, and low HCN concentration. This design and the findings are of great significance to improving the application of RPIF.
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Meng D, Wang K, Wang W, Sun J, Wang H, Gu X, Zhang S. A biomimetic structured bio-based flame retardant coating on flexible polyurethane foam with low smoke release and antibacterial ability. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137060. [PMID: 36334737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is widely used in our life, but it is inherent flammable. The demand for environmental-friendly multi-functional FPUF has been increasing rapidly in the last decade. In this work, a novel bio-based flame retardant coating was constructed by chemically reacting sodium alginate (OSA) and polydopamine (PDA) on the FPUF, followed by depositing nanorod-like β-FeOOH molecules through complexation reaction to form a biomimetic structure. The limiting oxygen index of the coated FPUF samples reached 25.5%. The peak heat release rate was reduced by 45.0%, and the smoke density of the coated sample was decreased by 69.1% compared to that of the control FPUF sample. It was proposed that the OSA-PDA-β-FeOOH decomposed during combustion to promote the formation of compact crosslinked char and released inert gases to dilute the combustible gases, and the β-FeOOH transferred to Fe2O3 to settled the smoke particles reducing the smoke release. Furthermore, the coating with shark skin like structure endowed FPUF antibacterial ability because of its good superoleophobicity underwater. This work provided a novel strategy to construct a biomimetic multifunctional coating on the FPUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kaihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Yang X, Liu W, Liu J, Liu X, Xie X. Effect of diphenyl methyl phosphonate and clay as additives on the mechanical and flame retardancy of crosslinked polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Noise and Vibration Naval University of Engineering Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise Naval University of Engineering Wuhan China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Xianqi Xie
- Institute of Blasting Materials Jianghan University Wuhan China
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Chan YY, Schartel B. It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132562. [PMID: 35808608 PMCID: PMC9269610 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high flammability and smoke toxicity of polyurethane foams (PUFs) during burning, distinct efficient combinations of flame retardants are demanded to improve the fire safety of PUFs in practical applications. This feature article focuses on one of the most impressive halogen-free combinations in PUFs: expandable graphite (EG) and phosphorus-based flame retardants (P-FRs). The synergistic effect of EG and P-FRs mainly superimposes the two modes of action, charring and maintaining a thermally insulating residue morphology, to bring effective flame retardancy to PUFs. Specific interactions between EG and P-FRs, including the agglutination of the fire residue consisting of expanded-graphite worms, yields an outstanding synergistic effect, making this approach the latest champion to fulfill the demanding requirements for flame-retarded PUFs. Current and future topics such as the increasing use of renewable feedstock are also discussed in this article.
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Zhou Y, Chu F, Ding L, Yang W, Zhang S, Xu Z, Qiu S, Hu W. MOF-derived 3D petal-like CoNi-LDH array cooperates with MXene to effectively inhibit fire and toxic smoke hazards of FPUF. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134134. [PMID: 35276116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic smoke produced by the combustion of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) may not only caused casualties, but also polluted the environment. Here, double metal hydroxide derived from ZIF-67 (MOF-LDH) modified Ti3C2TX (Ti3C2TX@MOF-LDH) was innovatively designed to solve the serious smoke and fire hazards of FPUF. The FPUF nanocomposite containing 6 wt% Ti3C2Tx@MOF-LDH achieved a 16.1% reduction in total smoke production (TSP) along with 22.2% reduction in peak smoke production rate (PSPR), which greatly reduced the hazard of smoke. At the same time, toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and aromatic compounds, showed the same reduction pattern. In addition, the heat release of FPUF nanomaterials was also suppressed. In particular, the FPUF/Ti3C2Tx@MOF-LDH 3.0 achieved 110.4% and 76.1% increase in compressive strength and tensile strength, respectively, confirming the effective mechanical enhancement. Therefore, this work provided a new reference for the preparation of high-performance FPUF nanocomposites with low smoke, low fire hazard and excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Zhuhai Gree New Material Co., Ltd., 789 Jinji Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Shenghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Suilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Qiu S, Chu F, Yang W, Qiu Y, Qian L, Hu W, Song L. High-performance flexible polyurethane foam based on hierarchical BN@MOF-LDH@APTES structure: Enhanced adsorption, mechanical and fire safety properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:794-806. [PMID: 34857378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving resilience, enhancing fire safety and adsorption properties were the key points for the preparation of high-performance flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Here, MOF-derived petal-like Co/Mg-double metal hydroxide (Co/Mg-LDH) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were selected to modify the hydroxylated boron nitride (BNNS-OH) to obtain a hydrophobic BN@MOF-LDH@APTES. Compared with the previous work, BN@MOF-LDH@APTES demonstrated extremely high filler efficiency in reducing the heat release per unit mass (THR/TM) (18.2 % reduction) and smoke production per unit mass (TSP/TM) (19.1% reduction) of FUPF during combustion. In addition, the obtained FPUF nanocomposite exhibited high absorption capacity while achieving remarkable thermal stability and fire safety. Moreover, the FPUF nanocomposite containing 1 wt% BN@MOF-LDH@APTES achieved a 71% increase in compressive strength, indicating excellent resilience. Therefore, this work provided a new material for the preparation of high-resilience FPUF with both flame retardancy and adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Jia P, Cheng W, Lu J, Yin Z, Xu Z, Cheng L, Qiu Y, Qian L, Hu Y, Hu W, Wang B. Applications of GO/OA‐POSS Layer‐by‐Layer self‐assembly nanocoating on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhenting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardancys for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardancys for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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Ma C, Zhang K, Zhou F, Zheng Y, Zeng W, Wang B, Xing W, Hu W, Hu Y. Fabrication of flexible polyurethane/phosphorus interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) foam for enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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