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Chen X, Ding F, Hou X, Ren X. Halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings for durable flame retardant, hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134357. [PMID: 39102916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Developing durable protective cotton fabrics (CF) against potential environmental dangers such as fire hazards and bacterial growth remains an imperative but tough challenge. In this study, flame retardant, antibacterial and hydrophobic CF were successfully prepared via two-step coating. The inner coating entailed polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of polyethyleneimine and ammonium polyphosphate with the goal of enhancing the flame retardancy of CF. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), a kind of tubular silicate mineral, were creatively modified and introduced to multifunctional coatings to improve flame retardant and antibacterial properties of CF. N-halamine modified HNTs (HNTs-EA-Cl) and polydimethylsiloxane were applied as the outer coating to endow CF with antibacterial and hydrophobic properties and further improve the flame retardancy of CF. After halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings, the limiting oxygen index of the treated samples (PAHP-CF) was over 28 %, and the release of heat and smoke was significantly inhibited. PAHP-CF could inactivate 100 % E. coli and S. aureus within 2 h. More importantly, PAHP-CF showed excellent hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 148° and exhibited great prevention of bacterial adhesion. PAHP-CF exhibited excellent washing durability undergoing 5 washing cycles. This study promotes the development of multifunctional coatings and offers a new way to manufacture multifunctional cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| | - Xiuliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xuehong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China.
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Ranjan R, Rai R, Naik K, Parmar AS, Dhar P. Scalable phosphorylated cellulose production with improved environmental sustainability, crosslinkability and processability using 3D bioprinting for dye remediation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130577. [PMID: 38453115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, phosphorylated cellulose (PC) gel has been produced following an environmentally benign approach using agro-based chemicals with improved yield. The PC gels produced were transparent, negatively charged with high consistency, charge content (1133.33 mmol/kg), degree of substitution (DS) of 0.183 and increased yield (>87 %). The XPS and EDS analysis confirms the covalently bonded phosphate groups at weight percent of 9.42 % and 11.01 %, respectively. The life cycle assessment (LCA) shows that PC gel production via the phosphorylation route is an ecologically favourable strategy compared with traditional TEMPO oxidation, resulting in 1.67 times lower CO2 emission. The rheological studies of PC gels show shear-thinning behaviour with improved 3D printability followed by heat-induced crosslinking of phosphate groups. The mechanistic insights for the condensation of phosphate to form a phosphoric ester group during cross-linking were evaluated through 31P solid-state NMR and XPS studies. Interestingly, the 3D-printed structures showed high structural stability under both compression and tensile load in both dry and wet conditions, with high water absorption (5408.33 %) and swelling capacity of 700 %. The structures show improved methylene blue (MB) remediation capabilities with a maximum removal efficiency of 99 % for 10-200 mg/L and more than seven times reusability. This work provides a green, facile and energy-efficient strategy for fabricating PCs with easy processability through additive manufacturing techniques for producing value-added products, opening up new avenues for high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Jing Q, Lu Y, Liu K, Yan Y, Zhang G. Evaluating the fire resistance and durability of cotton textiles treated with a phosphoramide phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium flame retardant. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130144. [PMID: 38360228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoramide phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium (PPEPA) flame retardant was synthesized by phosphorus oxychloride and ethanolamine, and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cotton textiles treated with 20 wt% PPEPA (CT-PPEPA3) would have high durability and flame retardance. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of CT-PPEPA3 was found to be 46.5 %, while after undergoing 50 laundering cycles (LCs) following the AATCC 61-2013 3 A standard, the LOI only decreased to 31.4 %. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested the penetration of PPEPA molecules into the interior of cotton fibers, resulting in a minor alteration of the cellulose crystal structure. The excellent durability, FTIR, and energy-dispersive X-ray of CT-PPEPA3 provided evidence for the formation of -N-P(=O)-O-C- and -O-P(=O)-O-C- covalent bonds between the PPEPA molecules and cellulose. The -N-P(=O)-O-C- bond exhibited a p-π conjugation effect, leading to enhanced stability and improved durability of the flame-retardant cotton textiles. Vertical flame, thermogravimetric, and cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the CT-PPEPA3 underwent condensed-phase and synergistic flame retardation. Additionally, these finished cotton textiles retained adequate breaking strength and softness, making them suitable for various applications. In conclusion, the incorporation of the -N-P(=O)-ONH4 group into the phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium flame retardant demonstrated effective enhancement of the fire resistance and durability of treated cotton textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kunling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Li J, Zhang G, Zhang F. Phosphamide-Based Washing-Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:630. [PMID: 38591487 PMCID: PMC10856145 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A formaldehyde-free reactive flame retardant, an ammonium salt of triethylenetetramine phosphoryl dimethyl ester phosphamide phosphoric acid (ATPEPDPA), was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test (FT-IR), durability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that ATPEPDPA was successfully grafted on cotton fabrics through a -N-P(=O)-O-C covalent bond. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 20 wt% ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was 44.6%, which met stringent washing standard after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). The high washing resistance of the ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was due to the p-π conjugation between the N atom and the P(=O) group in the flame-retardant molecule, which strengthened the stability of the -N-P(=O)-O-C bonds between ATPEPDPA and cellulose, and the -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 groups in the ATPEPDPA. The cone calorimetric test showed that the treated cotton had excellent flame retardance. In addition, the TG and TG-IR tests suggested that ATPEPDPA performed a condensed flame retardance mechanism. Furthermore, the physical properties and hand feel of the treated cotton were well maintained. These results suggested that introducing -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 and -N-P(=O)-(ONH4)2 groups into ATPEPDPA could significantly increase the fire resistance and durability of cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengxiu Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Jiang Q, Li P, Liu Y, Zhu P. Flame retardant cotton fabrics with anti-UV properties based on tea polyphenol-melamine-phenylphosphonic acid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:392-403. [PMID: 36166966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel, high-efficiency, phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant based on tea polyphenol-melamine-phenylphosphonic acid (named TP-MA-PPOA) for cotton fabrics was prepared successfully. TP-MA-PPOA coating gives the cotton fabrics flame retardancy and anti-UV properties. The results reveal that the TP-MA-PPOA coating enables cotton fabrics to self-extinguish, the damage length is only 7.4 cm in vertical flame test, and the limiting oxygen index increases to 28.7%. Meanwhile, Cotton/TP-MA-PPOA also performs well in cone calorimetry test, as evidenced by 88.5% reduction of peak heat release rate, and 92.9% decrease of the fire growth rate compared with that of cotton fabrics. And the risk of fire is sharply reduced. In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor value of Cotton/TP-MA-PPOA is 35.2. Encouragingly, the TP-MA-PPOA coating shows little deterioration in the handle of the cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Duan H, Li J, Gu J, Lu L, Qi D. One-pot preparation of cotton fibers with simultaneous enhanced durable flame-retardant and antibacterial properties by grafting copolymerized with vinyl monomers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Lu Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Ding D, Zhang G. A bio-based macromolecular phosphorus-containing active cotton flame retardant synthesized from starch. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Flame Retardancy, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant/MXene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030477. [PMID: 35159825 PMCID: PMC8840457 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and polyethylenepolyamine (PEPA) are used as novel intumescent flame retardants to improve the properties of MXene (2D Ti3C2Tx)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites. We investigated the flame-retardant properties, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of MXene/PVA nanocomposites. The results show that MXene was homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix containing PVPA and PEPA. PVPA and PEPA effectively improved the flame-retardant properties of MXene/PVA nanocomposites and they did not obviously change the thermal degradation of the MXene/PVA nanocomposites. Moreover, MXene improved the thermal stability of the PVA matrix. The elongation at break of MXene/PVA nanocomposites reached its maximum when the MXene mass fraction was 1.0 wt.%, regardless of whether PVPA and PEPA were present in the PVA matrix, whereas the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of MXene/PVA nanocomposites increased with the increase in MXene content in the PVA matrix.
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Shen Y, Sun Q, Liu L, Xu H, Wei J, Chen X, Song X, Zhang B. A green COPD flame retardant for improving poly(l-lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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