1
|
Sun L, Ding L, Guo X, Wang Y, Liu X, Ren Y, Li Y. "One for two" strategy to construct an organic-inorganic polymer colloid for flame-retardant modification of flax fabric and rigid polyurethane foam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133562. [PMID: 38955299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials such as fabric and foam have high flammability which limits their application in the field of fire protection. To this end, an organic-inorganic polymer colloid constructed from carboxymethyl chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate was used to improve the flame retardancy of flax fabric (FF) and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) based on a "one for two" strategy. The modification processes of FF and RPUF relied on pad-dry-cure method and UV-curing technology, respectively, and the modified FF and RPUF were severally designated as CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF. Flame retardancy studies showed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF exhibited limiting oxygen index values as high as 39.4 % and 42.6 %, respectively, and both achieved self-extinguishing behavior when external ignition source was removed. Thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry test confirmed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF had good charring ability and demonstrated reduced peak heat release rate values of 90.1 % and 10.8 %, respectively, distinct from before they were modified. In addition, condensed phase analysis showed that after burning, CMC/APP-FF became an integration char structure, whereas RFR-RPUF turned into a sandwiched char structure. In summary, the "one for two" strategy reported in this work provides a new insight into the economical fabrication of flame-retardant polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Lan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Science and Technology Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li F, Huang Z, Liu C, Yang M, Wu J, Rao W, Yu C. A novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing hybrid flame retardant for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8204-8213. [PMID: 38469190 PMCID: PMC10926111 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, additively efficient flame retardants are being developed to enhance the smoke suppression, flame retardancy, and thermal properties of composite materials. To this end, the current study designed and prepared a novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing organic-inorganic hybrid denoted as APHZ. Its inorganic part was 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8), which improved its smoke suppression and catalytic carbonization. The organic part (P/N/Si-containing compound) promoted its flame retardancy and interfacial compatibility between APHZ and epoxy resin (EP). The test results revealed that EP/APHZ-3 composites achieved a V-0 rating and a notable LOI value of 30.7% when introducing 3 wt% APHZ into the EP matrix. Cone calorimetry tests (CCT) further demonstrated that the average heat release rate (av-HRR), total smoke production (TSP), and CO production (COP) of EP/APHZ-3 were reduced by 23.3%, 14.0%, and 21.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the char residual was increased by 60.6%, as compared to pure EP. Furthermore, the flame-retardant mechanism of EP/APHZ composites was investigated by the XPS, TG-FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The observed synergistic effect of the imidazole skeleton ZIF-8 and P/N/Si-containing compound in APHZ facilitated the generation of a dense multi-element char layer, with the condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism playing a dominant role. These findings contribute to developing and designing high-performance flame-retardant EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Ziqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Meini Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Wenhui Rao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin 541004 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Zhao H, Liu H, Sun J, Wu J, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Zheng P. Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22639-22662. [PMID: 37502822 PMCID: PMC10369043 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of polymer materials is inextricably linked to our manufacturing life. However, most of them are easily combusted in the air and the combustion process generates a large amount of toxic fumes and dangerous smoke. This can result in injuries and property damage, as well as limiting their use. It is essential to enhance the flame-retardant properties and smoke suppression performance by using multiple flame retardants. Metal-based flame retardants have a unique chemical composition. They are environmentally friendly flame retardants, which can impart good smoke suppression, flame retardancy to polymers and further reduce the production of toxic gases. The differences in the compounds formed between the transition metals and the main group metals make them act differently as flame retardants for polymers. As a result, this study presents the research progress and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant polymers for flame retardants from different groups of metals in the periodic table of elements in a systematic manner. In view of the differences between the main group metals and transition metals, the mechanism of their application in flame retardant polymer materials is carefully detailed, as are their distinct advantages and disadvantages. And ultimately, prospects for the development of transition metals and main group metals are outlined. It is hoped that this paper will provide valuable references and insights for scholars in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Haihan Zhao
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University Wuhan 430056 P. R. China
| | - Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui X, Wang Y, Shi YL, Lu R, Gao H, Zhou W, Huang X. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework nanoparticles for magnetic solid phase extraction of five benzoylurea insecticides. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464115. [PMID: 37285619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research involves the construction of a phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticle (CPBA@UiO-66@Fe3O4). Its design is primarily for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of benzoylurea insecticides. An organic ligand, 2-amino terephthalic acid (2-ATPA), facilitated the introduction of amino groups while keeping the original crystal structure of UiO-66 intact. The constructed UiO-66 MOF showcases a porous structure and extensive surface area, thereby providing an optimal platform for further functionalization. The employment of 4-carboxylphenylboronic acid as a modifier notably amplified the extraction efficiency for benzoylureas. This improvement was due to the formation of B-N coordination and other secondary interactions. By integrating this with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we established a quantitative analytical method for benzoylurea insecticides. This method achieved a wide linear range (2.5-500 μg L-1 or 5-500 μg L-1), satisfactory recoveries (83.3-95.1%), and acceptable limits of detection (LODs: 0.3-1.0 μg L-1). The developed method proved successful when applied to six tea infusion samples, representing China's six major tea categories. Semi-fermented and light-fermented tea samples demonstrated relatively higher spiking recoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao-Lin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Lv H, Yang Y. Mechanical properties of epoxy resin toughened with cornstarch. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the effect of starch modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic epoxy resin (EP). Corn starch admixture of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% were added into the EP. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus of different corn starch contents were compared. The containing of corn starch showed a positive effect on the toughness of the epoxy but showed little effect on strength when the additive content was less than 10 wt%. The strength and elastic modulus increased first and then decreased with the increase in starch content and reached their maximum values at a content of 2.5 wt%. The enhancement effect might be due to corn starch’s mechanical properties, dispersibility, and interfacial interaction. With the increase in starch content, starch granules quickly contact each other, causing self-aggregation sedimentation and a decrease in strength and elastic modulus. The scanning electron micrographs of the toughened EP specimens showed ductile failure because of the starch particles. The surface morphology of the blend resin specimens was full of staggered and stepped cracks caused by the shearing damage, which is shown by obvious plastic fracture characteristics with plastic deformation ability. The initiation of micro-cracks in the EP matrix was induced by the incorporation of starch particles, which caused localized stepped shear damage in the matrix. More energy would be absorbed during this process, and the toughness of the EP would be enhanced. It is recommended that the best corn starch content should be 2.5 wt% to obtain excellent strength and good toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450001, Henan , China
| | - Haopeng Lv
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450001, Henan , China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450001, Henan , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia L, Wang X, Ren T, Luo L, Li D, Dai J, Xu Y, Yuan C, Zeng B, Dai L. Green construction of multi-functional fire resistant epoxy resins based on boron nitride with core-shell structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Lv Y, Dai J, Xia L, Luo L, Xu Y, Dai L. Smoke suppression and phosphorus-free condensed phase flame-retardant epoxy resin composites based on Salen-Ni. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|