1
|
Kost B, Basko M, Bednarek M, Socka M, Kopka B, Łapienis G, Biela T, Kubisa P, Brzeziński M. The influence of the functional end groups on the properties of polylactide-based materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
2
|
Catterton MA, Montalbine AN, Pompano RR. Selective Fluorination of the Surface of Polymeric Materials after Stereolithography 3D Printing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7341-7348. [PMID: 34115509 PMCID: PMC8564629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the microfluidics community embracing 3D resin printing as a rapid fabrication method, controlling surface chemistry has emerged as a new challenge. Fluorination of 3D-printed surfaces is highly desirable in many applications due to chemical inertness, low friction coefficients, antifouling properties, and the potential for selective hydrophobic patterning. Despite sporadic reports, silanization methods have not been optimized for covalent bonding with polymeric resins. As a case study, we tested the silanization of a commercially available (meth)acrylate-based resin (BV-007A) with a fluoroalkyl trichlorosilane. Interestingly, plasma oxidation was unnecessary for silanization of this resin and indeed was ineffective. Solvent-based deposition in a fluorinated oil (FC-40) generated significantly higher contact angles than deposition in ethanol or gas-phase deposition, yielding hydrophobic surfaces with contact angle >110° under optimized conditions. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the increase in the contact angle correlated with consumption of a carbonyl moiety, suggesting covalent bonding of silane without plasma oxidation. Consistent with a covalent bond, silanization was resistant to mechanical damage and hydrolysis in methanol and was stable over long-term storage. When tested on a suite of photocrosslinkable resins, this silanization protocol generated highly hydrophobic surfaces (contact angle > 110°) on three resins and moderate hydrophobicity (90-100°) on the remainder. Selective patterning of hydrophobic regions in an open 3D-printed microchannel was possible in combination with simple masking techniques. Thus, this facile fluorination strategy is expected to be applicable for resin-printed materials in a variety of contexts including micropatterning and multiphase microfluidics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dimitrakellis P, Gogolides E. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated using atmospheric pressure cold plasma technology: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 254:1-21. [PMID: 29636183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic surfaces are often used to reduce wetting of surfaces by water. In particular, superhydrophobic surfaces are highly desired for several applications due to their exceptional properties such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-friction and others. Such surfaces can be prepared via numerous methods including plasma technology, a dry technique with low environmental impact. Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) has recently attracted significant attention as lower-cost alternative to low-pressure plasmas, and as a candidate for continuous rather than batch processing. Although there are many reviews on water-repellent surfaces, and a few reviews on APP technology, there are hardly any review works on APP processing for hydrophobic and superhydrohobic surface fabrication, a topic of high importance in nanotechnology and interface science. Herein, we critically review the advances on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surface fabrication using APP technology, trying also to give some perspectives in the field. After a short introduction to superhydrophobicity of nanostructured surfaces and to APPs we focus this review on three different aspects: (1) The atmospheric plasma reactor technology used for fabrication of (super)hydrophobic surfaces. (2) The APP process for hydrophobic surface preparation. The hydrophobic surface preparation processes are categorized methodologically as: a) activation, b) grafting, c) polymerization, d) roughening and hydrophobization. Each category includes subcategories related to different precursors used. (3) One of the most important sections of this review concerns superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated using APP. These are methodologically characterized as follows: a) single step processes where micro-nano textured topography and low surface energy coating are created at the same time, or b) multiple step processes, where these steps occur sequentially in or out of the plasma. We end the review with some perspectives in the field. We aspire to address scientists, who will get involved in the fields of (super)hydrophobicity and/or in atmospheric pressure plasma processing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fraser RC, Carletto A, Wilson M, Badyal JPS. Plasmachemical Double Click Thiol-ene Reactions for Wet Electrical Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21832-21838. [PMID: 27505445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Click thiol-ene chemistry is demonstrated for the reaction of thiol containing molecules with surface alkene bonds during electrical discharge activation. This plasmachemical reaction mechanism is shown to be 2-fold for allyl mercaptan (an alkene and thiol group containing precursor), comprising self-cross-linked nanolayer deposition in tandem with interfacial cross-linking to the surface alkene bonds of a polyisoprene base layer. A synergistic multilayer structure is attained which displays high wet electrical barrier performance during immersion in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Fraser
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, England, U.K
| | - A Carletto
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, England, U.K
| | - M Wilson
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, England, U.K
| | - J P S Badyal
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, England, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasapgil E, Atici EG, Cicek R, Anac I, Erbil HY. Superhydrophobic polysiloxane filament growth on non-activated polymer coatings. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysiloxane nanofilaments prepared on BA–MMA–MAA (a) and polystyrene (b) coatings via liquid phase reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kasapgil
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - E. Gozde Atici
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Ruhi Cicek
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Ilke Anac
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - H. Yildirim Erbil
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Gebze
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bergius WNA, Hutchings LR, Sarih NM, Thompson RL, Jeschke M, Fisher R. Synthesis and characterisation of end-functionalised poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) additives by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerisation. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
7
|
Sudre G, Hourdet D, Cousin F, Creton C, Tran Y. Structure of surfaces and interfaces of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12282-12287. [PMID: 22823739 DOI: 10.1021/la301417x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the surface structure of hydrogels of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogels synthesized and cross-linked simultaneously by redox free radical polymerization. We demonstrate the existence of a less cross-linked layer at the surface of the gel at least at two different length scales characterized by shear rheology and by neutron reflectivity, suggesting the existence of a gradient in cross-linking. The composition of the layer is shown to depend on the degree of hydrophobicity of the mold surface and is weaker for more hydrophobic molds. While the macroscopic tests proved the existence of a relatively thick under-cross-linked layer, we also demonstrated by neutron reflectivity that the gel surface at the submicrometric scale (500 nm) was also affected by the surface treatment of the mold. These results should have important implications for the measurement of macroscopic surface properties of these hydrogels such as friction or adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Subramanian B, Kim N, Lee W, Spivak DA, Nikitopoulos DE, McCarley RL, Soper SA. Surface modification of droplet polymeric microfluidic devices for the stable and continuous generation of aqueous droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7949-57. [PMID: 21608975 PMCID: PMC3443641 DOI: 10.1021/la200298n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics performed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic devices resulted in significant wall wetting by water droplets formed in a liquid-liquid segmented flow when using a hydrophobic carrier fluid such as perfluorotripropylamine (FC-3283). This wall wetting led to water droplets with nonuniform sizes that were often trapped on the wall surfaces, leading to unstable and poorly controlled liquid-liquid segmented flow. To circumvent this problem, we developed a two-step procedure to hydrophobically modify the surfaces of PMMA and other thermoplastic materials commonly used to make microfluidic devices. The surface-modification route involved the introduction of hydroxyl groups by oxygen plasma treatment of the polymer surface followed by a solution-phase reaction with heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl trichlorosilane dissolved in fluorocarbon solvent FC-3283. This procedure was found to be useful for the modification of PMMA and other thermoplastic surfaces, including polycyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and polycarbonate (PC). Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the fluorination of these polymers took place with high surface selectivity. This procedure was used to modify the surface of a PMMA droplet microfluidic device (DMFD) and was shown to be useful in reducing the wetting problem during the generation of aqueous droplets in a perfluorotripropylamine (FC-3283) carrier fluid and could generate stable segmented flows for hours of operation. In the case of PMMA DMFD, oxygen plasma treatment was carried out after the PMMA cover plate was thermally fusion bonded to the PMMA microfluidic chip. Because the appended chemistry to the channel wall created a hydrophobic surface, it will accommodate the use of other carrier fluids that are hydrophobic as well, such as hexadecane or mineral oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hutchings LR, Sarih NM, Thompson RL. Multi-end functionalised polymer additives synthesised by living anionic polymerisation—the impact of additive molecular structure upon surface properties. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Hutchings LR, Narrianen AP, Thompson RL, Clarke N, Ansari I. Modifying and managing the surface properties of polymers. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Hutchings LR, Narrainen AP, Eggleston SM, Clarke N, Thompson RL. Surface-active fluorocarbon end-functionalized polylactides. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Narrainen AP, Clarke N, Eggleston SM, Hutchings LR, Thompson RL. Surface adsorption of polar end-functionalised polystyrenes. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:981-985. [PMID: 32680186 DOI: 10.1039/b608688h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their inherently high surface energy, polar end-functionalised polymers do not normally adsorb to the external surfaces of blends. However, adsorption of polar functionalities can be induced rapidly by annealing in a polar environment such as glycerol prior to quenching to a glassy state. Blended films of carboxy end-functionalised deuteriopolystyrene (dPS-COOH) with hydrogenous polystyrene (hPS) were annealed at 150 °C under glycerol. Nuclear reaction analysis was used to quantify the surface excess of dPS-COOH retained at the surface after quenching the films to below the glass transition temperature. Incorporation of multiple COOH groups onto a single chain end greatly increases the affinity of these chains to the interface with glycerol. Here we have shown that even a difunctional material, dPS-2COOH, is much more surface active than either the singly functionalised dPS-COOH or the difunctional ester from which it was prepared. Self-consistent mean field theory yielded thermodynamic 'sticking energy' values per functionality at the polystyrene-glycerol surface of 1.3-1.7 for carboxy groups and 0.3 for ester groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stuart M Eggleston
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lian R Hutchings
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Richard L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Pillay Narrainen A, Hutchings LR, Ansari IA, Clarke N, Thompson RL. Novel multi end-functionalised polymers. Additives to modify polymer properties at surfaces and interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:126-128. [PMID: 32646137 DOI: 10.1039/b516439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fréchet-type poly(arylether) dendrons with up to eight trifluoromethyl peripheral groups have been used as initiators in the copper mediated living radical polymerisation of d-styrene, the surface adsorption behaviour and resulting properties of these polymers in blends have been investigated by ion beam analysis and contact angle measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Pillay Narrainen
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Lian R Hutchings
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Imtiyaz A Ansari
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Nigel Clarke
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Richard L Thompson
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang W, Chu PK, Ji J, Zhang Y, Fu RK, Yan Q. Antibacterial properties of plasma-modified and triclosan or bronopol coated polyethylene. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Li Z, Hua J, Li Q, Huang C, Qin A, Ye C, Qin J. Synthesis of novel poly{methyl-[3-(9-indolyl)propyl]siloxane}-based nonlinear optical polymers via postfunctionalization. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|