1
|
Li Y, Zhou D, Han L, Quan J, Wang F, Yang X, Hu L, Wang J, Xu H, Chen L. N-Type Small Molecule Electron Transport Layers with Excellent Surface Energy and Moisture Resistance Siloxane for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Small 2023:e2308961. [PMID: 38059861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) generally contain polar groups for enhancing performance and reducing the work function. Nevertheless, the polar group with high surface energy may cause inferior interfacial compatibility, which challenges the ETLs to balance stability and performance. Here, two conjugated small molecules of ETLs with low surface energy siloxane, namely PDI-Si and PDIN-Si, are synthesized. The siloxane with low surface energy not only enhances the interfacial compatibility between ETLs and active layers but also improves the moisture-proof stability of the device. Impressively, the amine-functionalized PDIN-Si can simultaneously exhibit conspicuous n-type self-doping properties and outstanding moisture-proof stability. The optimization of interfacial contact and morphology enables the PM6:Y6-based OSC with PDIN-Si to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.87%, which is slightly superior to that of classical ETL PDINO devices (15.27%), and when the PDIN-Si film thickness reaches 28 nm, the PCE remains at 13.19% (≈83%), which indicates that PDIN-Si has satisfactory thickness insensitivity to facilitate roll-to-roll processing. Excitingly, after 120 h of storage in an environment with humidity above 45%, the unencapsulated device with PDIN-Si as ETL remains at 75% of the initial PCE value, while the device with PDINO as ETL is only 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Liangjing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Jianwei Quan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xufang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lin Hu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan S, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hu Q, Qian Y, He C. Design and Synthesis of Low Surface Energy Coating with Functionalized Al 2O 3 Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7223. [PMID: 38005152 PMCID: PMC10673525 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In a high-moisture environment where dust and coastal saltwater are prevalent, the stability of power equipment can be adversely affected. This issue can result in equipment downtime, particularly for transformers, severely disrupting the continuous operation of DC transmission systems. To address this challenge, a superhydrophobic modified fluorosilicone coating was developed, incorporating anti-stain properties. To tackle this issue comprehensively, an orthogonal experiment was conducted, involving six factors and three levels. The study focused particularly on assessing the impact of water-repellent recovery agents, nanofillers, antistatic agents, anti-mold agents, leveling agents, as well as wetting and dispersing agents on the coating's surface tension. The results demonstrate that selecting an appropriate base resin and incorporating well-matched functional additives played a central role in effectively reducing the surface tension of the coating. Consequently, optimized coatings exhibited exceptional resistance to stains and displayed strong corrosion resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Pan
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaohong Zhao
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qing Wang
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Yihua Qian
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Chunqing He
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao Z, Cao P. Research Progress on Low-Surface-Energy Antifouling Coatings for Ship Hulls: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:502. [PMID: 37887633 PMCID: PMC10603911 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of marine-fouling organisms to ships significantly increases the hull surface resistance and expedites hull material corrosion. This review delves into the marine biofouling mechanism on marine material surfaces, analyzing the fouling organism adhesion process on hull surfaces and common desorption methods. It highlights the crucial role played by surface energy in antifouling and drag reduction on hulls. The paper primarily concentrates on low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, such as organic silicon and organic fluorine, for ship hull antifouling and drag reduction. Furthermore, it explores the antifouling mechanisms of silicon-based and fluorine-based low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, elucidating their respective advantages and limitations in real-world applications. This review also investigates the antifouling effectiveness of bionic microstructures based on the self-cleaning abilities of natural organisms. It provides a thorough analysis of antifouling and drag reduction theories and preparation methods linked to marine organism surface microstructures, while also clarifying the relationship between microstructure surface antifouling and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it reviews the impact of antibacterial agents, especially antibacterial peptides, on fouling organisms' adhesion to substrate surfaces and compares the differing effects of surface structure and substances on ship surface antifouling. The paper outlines the potential applications and future directions for low-surface-energy antifouling coating technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Cao
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Smart Transportation, Suzhou City University, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Pan Cao
- College of mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Catterton MA, Montalbine AN, Pompano RR. Selective Fluorination of the Surface of Polymeric Materials after Stereolithography 3D Printing. Langmuir 2021; 37:7341-7348. [PMID: 34115509 PMCID: PMC8564629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the microfluidics community embracing 3D resin printing as a rapid fabrication method, controlling surface chemistry has emerged as a new challenge. Fluorination of 3D-printed surfaces is highly desirable in many applications due to chemical inertness, low friction coefficients, antifouling properties, and the potential for selective hydrophobic patterning. Despite sporadic reports, silanization methods have not been optimized for covalent bonding with polymeric resins. As a case study, we tested the silanization of a commercially available (meth)acrylate-based resin (BV-007A) with a fluoroalkyl trichlorosilane. Interestingly, plasma oxidation was unnecessary for silanization of this resin and indeed was ineffective. Solvent-based deposition in a fluorinated oil (FC-40) generated significantly higher contact angles than deposition in ethanol or gas-phase deposition, yielding hydrophobic surfaces with contact angle >110° under optimized conditions. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the increase in the contact angle correlated with consumption of a carbonyl moiety, suggesting covalent bonding of silane without plasma oxidation. Consistent with a covalent bond, silanization was resistant to mechanical damage and hydrolysis in methanol and was stable over long-term storage. When tested on a suite of photocrosslinkable resins, this silanization protocol generated highly hydrophobic surfaces (contact angle > 110°) on three resins and moderate hydrophobicity (90-100°) on the remainder. Selective patterning of hydrophobic regions in an open 3D-printed microchannel was possible in combination with simple masking techniques. Thus, this facile fluorination strategy is expected to be applicable for resin-printed materials in a variety of contexts including micropatterning and multiphase microfluidics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou J, Zhu C, Liang H, Wang Z, Wang H. Preparation of UV-Curable Low Surface Energy Polyurethane Acrylate/Fluorinated Siloxane Resin Hybrid Coating with Enhanced Surface and Abrasion Resistance Properties. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1388. [PMID: 32204342 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low surface energy coatings have gained considerable attention due to their superior surface hydrophobic properties. However, their abrasion resistance and sustainability of surface hydrophobicity are still not very satisfactory and need to be improved. In this work, a series of utraviolet (UV)-curable fluorosiloxane copolymers were synthesized and used as reactive additives to prepare polyurethane acrylate coatings with low surface energy. The effect of the addition of the fluorinated graft copolymers on the mechanical durability and surface hydrophobicity of the UV-cured hybrid films during the friction-annealing treatment cycles was investigated. The results show that introducing fluorosiloxane additives can greatly enhance surface hydrophobicity of the hybrid film. With addition of 2 wt.% fluorosiloxane copolymers, the water contact angle (WCA) value of the hybrid film was almost tripled compared to that of the pristine PU film, increasing from 58° to 144°. The hybrid film also showed enhanced abrasion resistance and could withstand up to about 60 times of friction under a pressure of 20 kPa. The microstructure formed in the annealed film was found to contribute much to achieve better surface hydrophobicity. The polyurethane acrylate/fluorinated siloxane resin hybrid film prepared in this study exhibits excellent potential for applications in the low surface energy field.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou Y, Ma Y, Sun Y, Xiong Z, Qi C, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Robust Superhydrophobic Surface Based on Multiple Hybrid Coatings for Application in Corrosion Protection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:6512-6526. [PMID: 30668101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of superhydrophobic surface based on multiple hybrid coatings is proposed and prepared to improve mechanical and reproduction stability. It does not only show a large water contact angle (ca. 174.5°) but also a slight decrease (ca. 6.4%) of water contact angle after 100 mechanical abrasion cycles. Furthermore, the water contact angle changes slightly (relative standard deviation, 0.14%) for the three superhydrophobic surfaces prepared with the same procedure. The application of superhydrophobic multiple hybrid coatings in corrosion protection is further investigated by the Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The superhydrophobic multiple hybrid coatings showed lower corrosion current (1.4 × 10-11 A/cm2), lower corrosion rate (ca. 1.6 × 10-7 mm/year), and larger polarization resistance (7.9 × 104 MΩ cm2) in 3.5 wt % NaCl aqueous solution compared to other superhydrophobic coatings reported in previous works. This work not only confirms the formation of robust superhydrophobic surface for real application in corrosion protection but also provides a new model of superhydrophobic surface based on multiple hybrid coatings with high mechanical, chemical, and reproduction stability for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Zhou
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051 , P. R. China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051 , P. R. China
| | - Youyi Sun
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Chunhong Qi
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051 , P. R. China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- Nanotechnology Department , Helmholtz Association , Hamburg 21502 , Germany
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Q, Ma C, Liu C, Ma J, Zhang G. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Polyurethane with Chemically Attached Antifoulants for Durable Marine Antibiofouling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21030-21037. [PMID: 26349805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a problem for marine industry and maritime activities. We have prepared polyurethane with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) main chains and N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) maleimide (TCM) pendant groups via a combination of a thiol-ene click reaction and a condensation reaction and studied its properties. The polymer has low surface energy and a high water contact angle. When TCM content in bulk is high enough, sufficient antifoulant groups can be exposed on the surface. Our study reveals that such polymeric surface can effectively inhibit the adhesion and colonization of marine organisms such as bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), diatom Navicula, and barnacle cyprids. Particularly, marine field tests demonstrate that the polymer has excellent antibiofouling performance in 110 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Xie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jielin Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kruszewski KM, Gawalt ES. Perfluorocarbon thin films and polymer brushes on stainless steel 316 L for the control of interfacial properties. Langmuir 2011; 27:8120-5. [PMID: 21631123 PMCID: PMC3126892 DOI: 10.1021/la200792t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon thin films and polymer brushes were formed on stainless steel 316 L (SS316L) to control the surface properties of the metal oxide. Substrates modified with the films were characterized using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), contact angle analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOA) was used to form thin films by self-assembly on the surface of SS316L. Polypentafluorostyrene (PFS) polymer brushes were formed by surface-initiated polymerization using SAMs of 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid (COOH-PA) as the base. PFOA and PFS were effective in significantly reducing the surface energy and thus the interfacial wetting properties of SS316L. The SS316L control exhibited a surface energy of 38 mN/m compared to PFOA and PFS modifications, which had surface energies of 22 and 24 mN/m, respectively. PFOA thin films were more effective in reducing the surface energy of the SS316L compared to PFS polymer brushes. This is attributed to the ordered PFOA film presenting aligned CF(3) terminal groups. However, PFS polymer brushes were more effective in providing corrosion protection. These low-energy surfaces could be used to provide a hydrophobic barrier that inhibits the corrosion of the SS316L metal oxide surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Kruszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|