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Synthesis and Properties of Targeted Radioisotope Carriers Based on Poly(Acrylic Acid) Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081240. [PMID: 34452201 PMCID: PMC8400054 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation crosslinking was employed to obtain nanocarriers based on poly(acrylic acid)—PAA—for targeted delivery of radioactive isotopes. These nanocarriers are internally crosslinked hydrophilic macromolecules—nanogels—bearing carboxylic groups to facilitate functionalization. PAA nanogels were conjugated with an engineered bombesin-derivative—oligopeptide combined with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate chelating moiety, aimed to provide selective radioligand transport. 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium (DMTMM) toluene-4-sulfonate was used as the coupling agent. After tests on a model amine—p-toluidine—both commercial and home-synthesized DOTA-bombesin were successfully coupled to the nanogels and the obtained products were characterized. The radiolabeling efficiency of nanocarriers with 177Lu, was chromatographically tested. The results provide a proof of concept for the synthesis of radiation-synthesized nanogel-based radioisotope nanocarriers for theranostic applications.
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Ashfaq A, Clochard MC, Coqueret X, Dispenza C, Driscoll MS, Ulański P, Al-Sheikhly M. Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2877. [PMID: 33266261 PMCID: PMC7760743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produce many products through polymerization reactions. Photons and electrons interaction with polymers display various mechanisms. While the interactions of gamma ray and X-ray photons are mainly through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production, the interactions of the high-energy electrons take place through coulombic interactions. Despite the type of radiation used on materials, photons or high energy electrons, in both cases ions and electrons are produced. The interactions between electrons and monomers takes place within less than a nanosecond. Depending on the dose rate (dose is defined as the absorbed radiation energy per unit mass), the kinetic chain length of the propagation can be controlled, hence allowing for some control over the degree of polymerization. When polymers are submitted to high-energy radiation in the bulk, contrasting behaviors are observed with a dominant effect of cross-linking or chain scission, depending on the chemical nature and physical characteristics of the material. Polymers in solution are subject to indirect effects resulting from the radiolysis of the medium. Likewise, for radiation-induced polymerization, depending on the dose rate, the free radicals generated on polymer chains can undergo various reactions, such as inter/intramolecular combination or inter/intramolecular disproportionation, b-scission. These reactions lead to structural or functional polymer modifications. In the presence of oxygen, playing on irradiation dose-rates, one can favor crosslinking reactions or promotes degradations through oxidations. The competition between the crosslinking reactions of C-centered free radicals and their reactions with oxygen is described through fundamental mechanism formalisms. The fundamentals of polymerization reactions are herein presented to meet industrial needs for various polymer materials produced or degraded by irradiation. Notably, the medical and industrial applications of polymers are endless and thus it is vital to investigate the effects of sterilization dose and dose rate on various polymers and copolymers with different molecular structures and morphologies. The presence or absence of various functional groups, degree of crystallinity, irradiation temperature, etc. all greatly affect the radiation chemistry of the irradiated polymers. Over the past decade, grafting new chemical functionalities on solid polymers by radiation-induced polymerization (also called RIG for Radiation-Induced Grafting) has been widely exploited to develop innovative materials in coherence with actual societal expectations. These novel materials respond not only to health emergencies but also to carbon-free energy needs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, piezoelectricity, etc.) and environmental concerns with the development of numerous specific adsorbents of chemical hazards and pollutants. The modification of polymers through RIG is durable as it covalently bonds the functional monomers. As radiation penetration depths can be varied, this technique can be used to modify polymer surface or bulk. The many parameters influencing RIG that control the yield of the grafting process are discussed in this review. These include monomer reactivity, irradiation dose, solvent, presence of inhibitor of homopolymerization, grafting temperature, etc. Today, the general knowledge of RIG can be applied to any solid polymer and may predict, to some extent, the grafting location. A special focus is on how ionizing radiation sources (ion and electron beams, UVs) may be chosen or mixed to combine both solid polymer nanostructuration and RIG. LLET ionizing radiation has also been extensively used to synthesize hydrogel and nanogel for drug delivery systems and other advanced applications. In particular, nanogels can either be produced by radiation-induced polymerization and simultaneous crosslinking of hydrophilic monomers in "nanocompartments", i.e., within the aqueous phase of inverse micelles, or by intramolecular crosslinking of suitable water-soluble polymers. The radiolytically produced oxidizing species from water, •OH radicals, can easily abstract H-atoms from the backbone of the dissolved polymers (or can add to the unsaturated bonds) leading to the formation of C-centered radicals. These C-centered free radicals can undergo two main competitive reactions; intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking. When produced by electron beam irradiation, higher temperatures, dose rates within the pulse, and pulse repetition rates favour intramolecular crosslinking over intermolecular crosslinking, thus enabling a better control of particle size and size distribution. For other water-soluble biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and RNA, the abstraction of H atoms or the addition to the unsaturation by •OH can lead to the direct scission of the backbone, double, or single strand breaks of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Marie-Claude Clochard
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS-CNRS- Ecole Polytechnique UMR 7642, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto di BioFisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- UV/EB Technology Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Piotr Ulański
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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González-Ayón MA, Licea-Claverie A, Sañudo-Barajas JA. Different Strategies for the Preparation of Galactose-Functionalized Thermo-Responsive Nanogels with Potential as Smart Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2150. [PMID: 32967249 PMCID: PMC7569999 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Different synthetic strategies were tested for the incorporation of galactose molecules on thermoresponsive nanogels owing to their affinity for receptors expressed in cancer cells. Three families of galactose-functionalized poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels were prepared with the aim to control the introduction of galactose-moieties into the core, the core-shell interface and the shell. First and second of the above mentioned, were prepared via surfactant free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) by a free-radical mechanism and the third one, via SFEP/reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Synthetic recipes for the SFEP/free radical method included besides N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), a shell forming poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), while the galactose (GAL) moiety was introduced via 6-O-acryloyl-1,2,:3,4-bis-O-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-α-D-galactopiranose (6-ABG, protected GAL-monomer): nanogels I, or 2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate (LAMA, GAL-monomer): nanogels II. For the SFEP/RAFT methodology poly(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate) as GAL macro-chain transfer agent (PLAMA macro-CTA) was first prepared and on a following stage, the macro-CTA was copolymerized with PEGMA and NVCL, nanogels III. The crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was added in both methodologies for the polymer network construction. Nanogel's sizes obtained resulted between 90 and 370 nm. With higher content of PLAMA macro-CTA or GAL monomer in nanogels, a higher the phase-transition temperature (TVPT) was observed with values ranging from 28 to 46 °C. The ρ-parameter, calculated by the ratio of gyration and hydrodynamic radii from static (SLS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs suggest that core-shell nanogels of flexible chains were obtained; in either spherical (nanogels II and III) or hyperbranched (nanogels I) form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian A. González-Ayón
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Apartado Postal 1166, Tijuana 22454, Mexico;
| | - Angel Licea-Claverie
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Apartado Postal 1166, Tijuana 22454, Mexico;
| | - J. Adriana Sañudo-Barajas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a El dorado Km 5.5, Culiacán 80110, Mexico;
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Dispenza C, Sabatino MA, Grimaldi N, Dahlgren B, Al-Sheikhly M, Wishart JF, Tsinas Z, Poster DL, Jonsson M. On the nature of macroradicals formed upon radiolysis of aqueous poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) solutions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Matusiak M, Kadlubowski S, Rosiak JM. Nanogels synthesized by radiation-induced intramolecular crosslinking of water-soluble polymers. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Dahlgren B, Sabatino MA, Dispenza C, Jonsson M. Numerical Simulations of Nanogel Synthesis Using Pulsed Electron Beam. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Dahlgren
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Antonietta Sabatino
- Dipartimento di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze 6 90128 Palermo Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica (IBF)Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via U. La Malfa 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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Statistical Copolymers of n-Butyl Vinyl Ether and 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether via Metallocene-Mediated Cationic Polymerization. A Scaffold for the Synthesis of Graft Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091510. [PMID: 31527533 PMCID: PMC6780830 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cationic statistical copolymerization of n-butyl (be) and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), is efficiently conducted using bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)dimethyl zirconium (Cp2ZrMe2) in combination with tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate dimethylanilinum salt [B(C6F5)4]–[Me2NHPh]+, as an initiation system. The reactivity ratios are calculated using both linear graphical and non-linear methods. Structural parameters of the copolymers are obtained by calculating the dyad sequence fractions and the mean sequence length, which are derived using the monomer reactivity ratios. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the copolymers are measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and the results are compared with predictions based on several theoretical models. The statistical copolymers are further employed as scaffolds for the synthesis of graft copolymers having poly(vinyl ether)s as a backbone and either poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) as side chains. Both the grafting “onto” and the grafting “from” methodologies are employed. The reaction sequence is monitored by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), NMR and IR spectroscopies. The advantages and limitations of each approach are thoroughly examined.
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9
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Duygu Sütekin S, Güven O. Application of radiation for the synthesis of poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogels with controlled sizes from aqueous solutions. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 145:161-169. [PMID: 30639632 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling of sizes of nanogels is very important for any biomedical application. In the present study we report a facile and reproducible method of preparing biocompatible nanogels of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) which were synthesized by using either electron beam (e-beam) (NGEB) or gamma irradiation (NGG) of dilute aqueous solutions. Nanogels with different hydrodynamic sizes were obtained at the variance of the polymer molecular weight, concentration, type of radiation source hence dose rate and total absorbed dose. For the first time a comparative study of gamma and e-beam irradiation was made on the same polymer with the aim of controlling sizes of nanogels in the range of 30-250 nm. Moreover the stability of radiation-synthesized nanogels was followed up to 2 years in refrigerated solution and found to retain their original sizes and distributions enabling their long-term storage and use. The synthesized nanogels were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. This work provides a clue to the fundamental question of how to control sizes of nanogels without using any additives which are indispensable with the other techniques. The technique is applicable to any water soluble polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duygu Sütekin
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Olgun Güven
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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10
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Hadaeghnia M, Goharpey F, Khademzadeh Yeganeh J. Characterization and phase‐transition behavior of thermoresponsive PVME nanogels in the presence of cellulose nanowhiskers: Rheology, morphology, and FTIR studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hadaeghnia
- Department of Polymer EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology 15875‐4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goharpey
- Department of Polymer EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology 15875‐4413 Tehran Iran
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12
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Dispenza C, Spadaro G, Jonsson M. Radiation Engineering of Multifunctional Nanogels. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:69. [PMID: 27645331 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels combine the favourable properties of hydrogels with those of colloids. They can be soft and conformable, stimuli-responsive and highly permeable, and can expose a large surface with functional groups for conjugation to small and large molecules, and even macromolecules. They are among the very few systems that can be generated and used as aqueous dispersions. Nanogels are emerging materials for targeted drug delivery and bio-imaging, but they have also shown potential for water purification and in catalysis. The possibility of manufacturing nanogels with a simple process and at relatively low cost is a key criterion for their continued development and successful application. This paper highlights the most important structural features of nanogels related to their distinctive properties, and briefly presents the most common manufacturing strategies. It then focuses on synthetic approaches that are based on the irradiation of dilute aqueous polymer solutions using high-energy photons or electron beams. The reactions constituting the basis for nanogel formation and the approaches for controlling particle size and functionality are discussed in the context of a qualitative analysis of the kinetics of the various reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - G Spadaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Jonsson
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kozanecki M, Halagan K, Saramak J, Matyjaszewski K. Diffusive properties of solvent molecules in the neighborhood of a polymer chain as seen by Monte-Carlo simulations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5519-28. [PMID: 27156478 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of both polymer chain length and concentration on the mobility of solvent molecules in polymer solutions was studied by Monte Carlo simulations with the use of the dynamic lattice liquid (DLL) model. The poly(vinylmethylether)-water system was used as a model. Two different solvent (water) states with differing mobilities were distinguished in polymer solutions. The first one with high molecular mobility independent of polymer concentration corresponds to bulk solvent in real systems. The second state relates to so called bound solvent. In this case the solvent diffusivity decreases with polymer content. For diluted solutions the diffusion of bound solvent is affected by polymer chain length, precisely, by the ability of the polymer chain to undergo coil formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kozanecki
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90924, Poland.
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14
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Awadallah-F A, Abd El-Wahab SY, Al-Shafey H. Controlled synthesis and characterization of nanohydrogels formed from copolymer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide). E-POLYMERS 2016; 16:207-215. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2015-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNanohydrogels were prepared from copolymer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)/acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) followed by γ-ray exposure. Different molar ratios of AMPS to AAm, 100:0 to 0:100, were investigated. The particle sizes of nanohydrogels were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The effects of different comonomer composition and pH on swelling (%) and gelation (%) were studied. The characterization of nanohydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that particle sizes ranged from ~9.5 to ~39 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awadallah-F
- 1Radiation Research of Polymer Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, Tel.: (+202) 27570691, Fax: (+202) 22749298
| | - Soad Y. Abd El-Wahab
- 2Radiation Research of Polymer Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.I. Al-Shafey
- 3Department of Petroleum Application, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Hydrogels made from chitosan and silver nitrate. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 140:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Batagianni E, Marathianos A, Koraki A, Maroudas AP, Pitsikalis M. Metallocene-mediated cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers: Kinetics of polymerization and synthesis and characterization of statistical copolymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Chaykar AS, Goharpey F, Yeganeh JK. Volume phase transition of electron beam cross-linked thermo-responsive PVME nanogels in the presence and absence of nanoparticles: with a view toward rheology and interactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of nanoparticles and radiation dose on interactions in the PVME-based nanogel system and its phase behavior (swelling/deswelling behavior and phase separation mechanism) by rheological and FTIR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Goharpey
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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18
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Preparation of protein nanoparticle by dynamic aggregation and ionizing-induced crosslinking. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Radiation-induced synthesis of nanogels based on poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)—A review. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Abd El-Mohdy HL. Thermo-responsive behavior of radiation-induced poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyethylene oxide nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Synthesis of fast response crosslinked PVA-g-NIPAAm nanohydrogels by very low radiation dose in dilute aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Fathi M, Entezami AA, Pashaei-Asl R. Swelling/deswelling, thermal, and rheological behavior of PVA-g-NIPAAm nanohydrogels prepared by a facile free-radical polymerization method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kadlubowski S, Ulanski P, Rosiak JM. Synthesis of tailored nanogels by means of two-stage irradiation. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pastorczak M, Wübbenhorst M, Dominguez-Espinosa G, Okrasa L, Pyda M, Kozanecki M, Kadlubowski S, Ulanski P, Rosiak JM, Ulanski J. Relaxation processes and intermolecular interactions in PVME hydrogels in sub-zero temperatures: Glass transition and pre-melting of ice. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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How do monomeric components of a polymer gel dosimeter respond to ionising radiation: A steady-state radiolysis towards preparation of a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nanogel particulates located within diffusion cell receptor phases following topical application demonstrates uptake into and migration across skin. Int J Pharm 2010; 401:72-8. [PMID: 20817080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing evidence in support of nanogels as carriers in topical drug delivery, no empirical evidence has been forthcoming regarding a mechanism. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-copolymerized-acrylic acid) referred to as poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) known as (polyNIPAM) nanogels were synthesized by a surfactant-free emulsion polymerisation method and applied to porcine ear skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells. After 24h the receptor phases were retrieved and scrutinized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The skin membranes were also recovered and re-used to determine the permeation of a model permeant, methotrexate (MTX). TEM images confirmed the presence of nanoparticulates in the receptor phases, and the relative quantities varied on the nature of the nanogel. Comparative MTX skin permeation data demonstrated the integrity of the membranes, and that delivery of nanogel or MTX was not due to defects in the membranes. In summary, the first direct evidence is presented demonstrating that nanogels are taken up by and migrate across the skin.
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Andriola Silva Brun-Graeppi AK, Richard C, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Narita T, Ducouret G, Merten OW. The effect of sterilization methods on the thermo-gelation properties of xyloglucan hydrogels. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krahl F, Arndt KF. Synthesis of Microgels by Radiation Methods. CHEMICAL DESIGN OF RESPONSIVE MICROGELS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ulanski P, Pawlowska W, Kadlubowski S, Henke A, Gottlieb R, Arndt KF, Bromberg L, Hatton TA, Rosiak JM. Synthesis of hydrogels by radiation-induced cross-linking of Pluronic® F127 in N2O-saturated aqueous solution. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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