1
|
Yan D, Luo J, Wang S, Han X, Lei X, Jiao K, Wu X, Qian L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Di J, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Zhang J. Carbon Nanotube-Directed 7 GPa Heterocyclic Aramid Fiber and Its Application in Artificial Muscles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306129. [PMID: 37533318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide) (PBIA) fibers with excellent mechanical properties are widely used in fields that require impact-resistant materials such as ballistic protection and aerospace. The introduction of heterocycles in polymer chains increases their flexibility and makes it easier to optimize the fiber structure. However, the inadequate orientation of polymer chains is one of the main reasons for the large difference between the measured and theoretical mechanical properties of PBIA fibers. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are selected as an orientation seed. Their structural features allow CNTs to orient during the spinning process, which can induce an orderly arrangement of polymers and improve the orientation of the fiber microstructure. To ensure the complete 1D topology of long CNTs (≈10 µm), PBIA is used as an efficient dispersant to overcome dispersion challenges. The p-CNT/PBIA fibers (10 µm single-walled carbon nanotube 0.025 wt%) exhibit an increase of 22% in tensile strength and 23% in elongation, with a maximum tensile strength of 7.01 ± 0.31 GPa and a reinforcement efficiency of 893.6. The artificial muscle fabricated using CNT/PBIA fibers exhibits a 34.8% contraction and a 25% lifting of a 2 kg dumbbell, providing a promising paradigm for high-performance organic fibers as high-load smart actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaocang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinshi Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- Advanced Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo J, Wen Y, Jia X, Lei X, Gao Z, Jian M, Xiao Z, Li L, Zhang J, Li T, Dong H, Wu X, Gao E, Jiao K, Zhang J. Fabricating strong and tough aramid fibers by small addition of carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3019. [PMID: 37230970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic high-performance fibers present excellent mechanical properties and promising applications in the impact protection field. However, fabricating fibers with high strength and high toughness is challenging due to their intrinsic conflicts. Herein, we report a simultaneous improvement in strength, toughness, and modulus of heterocyclic aramid fibers by 26%, 66%, and 13%, respectively, via polymerizing a small amount (0.05 wt%) of short aminated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), achieving a tensile strength of 6.44 ± 0.11 GPa, a toughness of 184.0 ± 11.4 MJ m-3, and a Young's modulus of 141.7 ± 4.0 GPa. Mechanism analyses reveal that short aminated SWNTs improve the crystallinity and orientation degree by affecting the structures of heterocyclic aramid chains around SWNTs, and in situ polymerization increases the interfacial interaction therein to promote stress transfer and suppress strain localization. These two effects account for the simultaneous improvement in strength and toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Yeye Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Li
- China Bluestar Chengrand Chemical Co., Ltd, 611430, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Science Center of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 010021, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kun Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee J, Kim JH, Han JT, Chae HG, Eom Y. Achieving Both Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Modulus of Carbon Films: Templating-Coalescing Behavior of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube in Polyacrylonitrile. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205924. [PMID: 36683156 PMCID: PMC10015862 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the feasibility of carbon films as electrode applications requires sufficient performances in view of both electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, carbon films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and mechanical modulus are prepared by high temperature carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nanocomposites. Achieving both performances is ascribed to remarkable graphitic crystallinity, resulting from the sequential templating-coalescing behavior of concentrated SWNT bundles (B-CNTs). While well-dispersed SWNTs (WD-CNTs) facilitate radial templating according to their tubular geometry, flattened B-CNTs sandwiched between carbonized PAN matrices induce vertical templating, where the former and latter produce concentric and planar crystallizations of the graphitic structure, respectively. After carbonization at 2500 °C with the remaining WD-CNTs as microstructural defects, the flattened B-CNTs coalesce into graphitic crystals by zipping the surrounding matrix, resulting in high crystallinity with the crystal thicknesses of 27.4 and 39.4 nm for the (002) and (10) planes, respectively. For comparison, the graphene oxide (GO) containing carbon films produce a less-ordered graphitic phase owing to irregular templating, despite the geometrical consistency. Consequently, PAN/B-CNT carbon films exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity (40.7 × 104 S m-1 ) and mechanical modulus (38.2 ± 6.4 GPa). Thus, controlling the templating-coalescing behavior of SWNTs is the key for improving final performances of carbon films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung‐Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research CenterKorea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI)Changwon‐siGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research CenterKorea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI)Changwon‐siGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functional Material EngineeringKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)Changwon‐siGyeongsangnam‐do51543Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gi Chae
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Department of Polymer EngineeringPukyong National UniversityBusan48513Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen Y, Jian M, Huang J, Luo J, Qian L, Zhang J. Carbonene Fibers: Toward Next-Generation Fiber Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6035-6047. [PMID: 35852935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of human society has set unprecedented demands for advanced fiber materials, such as lightweight and high-performance fibers for reinforcement of composite materials in frontier fields and functional and intelligent fibers in wearable electronics. Carbonene materials composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms have been demonstrated to be ideal building blocks for advanced fiber materials, which are referred to as carbonene fibers. Carbonene fibers that generally include pristine carbonene fibers, composite carbonene fibers, and carbonene-modified fibers hold great promise in transferring the extraordinary properties of nanoscale carbonene materials to macroscopic applications. Herein, we give a comprehensive discussion on the conception, classification, and design strategies of carbonene fibers and then summarize recent progress regarding the preparations and applications of carbonene fibers. Finally, we provide insights into developing lightweight, high-performance, functional, and intelligent carbonene fibers for next-generation fiber materials in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Wen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Continuous stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers by Joule heating. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Li J, Yu Y, Li H, Liu Y. Polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers: Spinning technology dependent precursor fiber structure and its successive transformation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuxiu Yu
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
| | - Haojie Li
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- Key laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arias-Monje PJ, Lu M, Ramachandran J, Kirmani MH, Kumar S. Processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile fibers with 15 weight percent single wall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
9
|
Ahmed W, Gul S, Awais M, Hassan ZU, Jabeen S, Farooq M. A review: novel nanohybrids of epoxy/polyamide with carbon nanotube/nano-diamond. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saira Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu M, Gulgunje PV, Arias‐Monje PJ, Luo J, Ramachandran J, Sahoo Y, Agarwal S, Kumar S. Structure, properties, and applications of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube (
CNT
) fibers at low
CNT
loading. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Prabhakar V. Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Pedro J. Arias‐Monje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jyotsna Ramachandran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | | | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heo SJ, Kim KH, Han B, Chae HG, Lee SG. Defect structure evolution of polyacrylonitrile and single wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11816. [PMID: 32678215 PMCID: PMC7366919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the defect structure development of polyacrylonitrile-single wall carbon nanotube (PAN-SWNT) nanocomposites. Three different models (control PAN, PAN-SWNT(5,5), and PAN-SWNT(10,10)) with a SWNT concentration of 5 wt% for the nanocomposites were tested to study under large extensional deformation to the strain of 100% to study the corresponding mechanical properties. Upon deformation, the higher stress was observed in both nanocomposite systems as compared to the control PAN, indicating effective reinforcement. The higher Young’s (4.76 ± 0.24 GPa) and bulk (4.19 ± 0.25 GPa) moduli were observed when the smaller-diameter SWNT(5,5) was used, suggesting that SWNT(5,5) resists stress better. The void structure formation was clearly observed in PAN-SWNT(10,10), while the nanocomposite with smaller diameter SWNT(5,5) did not show the development of such a defect structure. In addition, the voids at the end of SWNT(10,10) became larger in the drawing direction with increasing deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Heo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 Unist-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gi Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 Unist-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao Z, Zhu J, Rajabpour S, Joshi K, Kowalik M, Croom B, Schwab Y, Zhang L, Bumgardner C, Brown KR, Burden D, Klett JW, van Duin ACT, Zhigilei LV, Li X. Graphene reinforced carbon fibers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4191. [PMID: 32494642 PMCID: PMC7182419 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The superlative strength-to-weight ratio of carbon fibers (CFs) can substantially reduce vehicle weight and improve energy efficiency. However, most CFs are derived from costly polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which limits their widespread adoption in the automotive industry. Extensive efforts to produce CFs from low cost, alternative precursor materials have failed to yield a commercially viable product. Here, we revisit PAN to study its conversion chemistry and microstructure evolution, which might provide clues for the design of low-cost CFs. We demonstrate that a small amount of graphene can minimize porosity/defects and reinforce PAN-based CFs. Our experimental results show that 0.075 weight % graphene-reinforced PAN/graphene composite CFs exhibits 225% increase in strength and 184% enhancement in Young's modulus compared to PAN CFs. Atomistic ReaxFF and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations jointly elucidate the ability of graphene to modify the microstructure by promoting favorable edge chemistry and polymer chain alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Siavash Rajabpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kaushik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Małgorzata Kowalik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brendan Croom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yosyp Schwab
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Clifton Bumgardner
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Brown
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Diana Burden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Leonid V. Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer’s Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hao J, Wei H, Lu C, Liu Y. New aspects on the cyclization mechanisms of Poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid). Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Zhang B, Lu C, Liu Y, Zhou P, Yu Z, Yuan S. Wet spun polyacrylonitrile-based hollow-mesoporous fibers with different draw ratios. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Wang P, Gulgunje P, Ghoshal S, Verghese N, Kumar S. Rheological behavior of polypropylene nanocomposites with tailored polymer/multiwall carbon nanotubes interface. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Hsiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | - Prabhakar Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | - Sushanta Ghoshal
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu W, Jambhulkar S, Verma R, Franklin R, Ravichandran D, Song K. In situ alignment of graphene nanoplatelets in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite fibers with controlled stepwise interfacial exfoliation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2510-2517. [PMID: 36132729 PMCID: PMC9417566 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically microstructured tri-axial poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanoplatelet (PVA/GNP) composite fibers were fabricated using a dry-jet wet spinning technique. The composites with distinct PVA/GNPs/PVA phases led to highly oriented and evenly distributed graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as a result of molecular chain-assisted interfacial exfoliation. With a concentration of 3.3 wt% continuously aligned GNPs, the composite achieved a ∼73.5% increase in Young's modulus (∼38 GPa), as compared to the pure PVA fiber, and an electrical conductivity of ∼0.38 S m-1, one of the best mechanical/electrical properties reported for polymer/GNP nanocomposite fibers. This study has broader impacts on textile engineering, wearable robotics, smart sensors, and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Xu
- System Engineering, The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA 85212
| | - Sayli Jambhulkar
- System Engineering, The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA 85212
| | - Rahul Verma
- Mechanical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA 85281
| | - Rahul Franklin
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA 85287
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Mechanical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA 85281
| | - Kenan Song
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA 85212
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pang Y, Yang J, Curtis TE, Luo S, Huang D, Feng Z, Morales-Ferreiro JO, Sapkota P, Lei F, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Lee E, Huang Y, Guo R, Ptasinska S, Roeder RK, Luo T. Exfoliated Graphene Leads to Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite Films. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1097-1106. [PMID: 30633498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with superior mechanical properties are desirable in many applications. In this work, polyethylene (PE) films reinforced with exfoliated thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) fabricated using a roll-to-roll hot-drawing process are shown to have outstanding mechanical properties. The specific ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of PE/TrGO films increased monotonically with the drawing ratio and TrGO filler fraction, reaching up to 3.2 ± 0.5 and 109.3 ± 12.7 GPa, respectively, with a drawing ratio of 60× and a very low TrGO weight fraction of 1%. These values represent by far the highest reported to date for a polymer/graphene composite. Experimental characterizations indicate that as the polymer films are drawn, TrGO fillers are exfoliated, which is further confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Exfoliation increases the specific area of the TrGO fillers in contact with the PE matrix molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the PE-TrGO interaction is stronger than the PE-PE intermolecular van der Waals interaction, which enhances load transfer from PE to TrGO and leverages the ultrahigh mechanical properties of TrGO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Pang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Junlong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Tyler E Curtis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Shirui Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Dezhao Huang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Jorge O Morales-Ferreiro
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad de Talca , Camino los Niches Km1, Curico 3340000 , Chile
| | - Pitambar Sapkota
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Fan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Qinnan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Ruilan Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Sylwia Ptasinska
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Volgin IV, Larin SV, Lyulin SV. Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Polymer Systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238218020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
20
|
Hao J, Li W, Suo X, Wei H, Lu C, Liu Y. Highly isotactic (>60%) polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber: Precursor synthesis, fiber spinning, stabilization and carbonization. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
The rheological, mechanical and templating effects of graphene oxide nanosheets in filled gel spun polyacrylonitrile. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Chen K, Cao F, Liang S, Wang J, Tian C. Preparation of poly(ethylene oxide) brush-grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes and their effect on morphology and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keping Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Cao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang People's Republic of China
| | - Shuen Liang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Low-temperature graphitic formation promoted by confined interphase structures in polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube materials. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Gissinger JR, Pramanik C, Newcomb B, Kumar S, Heinz H. Nanoscale Structure-Property Relationships of Polyacrylonitrile/CNT Composites as a Function of Polymer Crystallinity and CNT Diameter. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1017-1027. [PMID: 29231715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are used as precursors for ultrastrong and lightweight carbon fibers. However, insights into the structure at the nanoscale and the relationships to mechanical and thermal properties have remained difficult to obtain. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation with accurate potentials and available experimental data were used to describe the influence of different degrees of PAN preorientation and CNT diameter on the atomic-scale structure and properties of the composites. The inclusion of CNTs in the polymer matrix is favored for an intermediate degree of PAN orientation and small CNT diameter whereas high PAN crystallinity and larger CNT diameter disfavor CNT inclusion. The glass transition at the CNT/PAN interface involves the release of rotational degrees of freedom of the polymer backbone and increased mobility of the protruding nitrile side groups in contact with the carbon nanotubes. The glass-transition temperature of the composite increases in correlation with the amount of CNT/polymer interfacial area per unit volume, i.e., in the presence of CNTs, for higher CNT volume fraction, and inversely with CNT diameter. The increase in glass-transition temperature upon CNT addition is larger for PAN of lower crystallinity than for PAN of higher crystallinity. Interfacial shear strengths of the composites are higher for CNTs of smaller diameter and for PAN with preorientation, in correlation with more favorable CNT inclusion energies. The lowest interfacial shear strength was observed in amorphous PAN for the same CNT diameter. PAN with ∼75% crystallinity exhibited hexagonal patterns of nitrile groups near and far from the CNT interface which could influence carbonization into regular graphitic structures. The results illustrate the feasibility of near-quantitative insights into macroscale properties of polymer/CNT composites from simulations of nanometer-scale composite domains. Guidance is most effective when key assumptions in experiment and simulation are closely aligned, such as exfoliation versus bundling of CNTs, size, type, potential defects of CNTs, and precise measures for polymer crystallinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Gissinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chandrani Pramanik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Bradley Newcomb
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nazarychev VM, Larin SV, Lyulin AV, Dingemans T, Kenny JM, Lyulin SV. Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Initial Crystallization Stage in an SWCNT-Polyetherimide Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100548. [PMID: 30965851 PMCID: PMC6418835 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of all-aromatic heterocyclic polymers typically results in an improvement of their thermo-mechanical properties. Nucleation agents may be used to promote crystallization, and it is well known that the incorporation of nanoparticles, and in particular carbon-based nanofillers, may induce or accelerate crystallization through nucleation. The present study addresses the structural properties of polyetherimide-based nanocomposites and the initial stages of polyetherimide crystallization as a result of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) incorporation. We selected two amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimides ODPA-P3 and aBPDA-P3 based on 3,3′,4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 2,3′,3,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (aBPDA) and diamine 1,4-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]benzene (P3) and simulated the onset of crystallization in the presence of SWCNTs using atomistic molecular dynamics. For ODPA-P3, we found that the planar phthalimide and phenylene moieties show pronounced ordering near the CNT (carbon nanotube) surface, which can be regarded as the initial stage of crystallization. We will discuss two possible mechanisms for ODPA-P3 crystallization in the presence of SWCNTs: the spatial confinement caused by the CNTs and π–π interactions at the CNT-polymer matrix interface. Based on our simulation results, we propose that ODPA-P3 crystallization is most likely initiated by favorable π–π interactions between the carbon nanofiller surface and the planar ODPA-P3 phthalimide and phenylene moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Nazarychev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Lyulin
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo Dingemans
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 1113, 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3050, USA.
| | - Jose M Kenny
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
- Materials Science and Technology Centre, University of Perugia, Loc. Pentima, 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Sergey V Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoi pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Nanocomposites Processing Using Additive Manufacturing (Three-Dimensional Printing) Technique: An Overview. FIBERS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fib5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
28
|
Wanasekara ND, Eichhorn SJ. Injectable Highly Loaded Cellulose Nanocrystal Fibers and Composites. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1066-1070. [PMID: 35650944 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composite fibers were successfully produced in situ by injection into a hydrophobic solvent. Using a similar principle, a single step manufacturing method of injectable composites was developed by injection of a CNC solution into a hydrophobic resin. Molecular orientation and deformation of the fibers and composites were obtained using Raman spectroscopy. CNCs were found to be highly aligned along the fiber's axes, as confirmed by 2-fold symmetry of polar plots and second and fourth order orientation parameters. A shift in the position of a characteristic Raman band, initially located at ∼1095 cm-1, corresponding to vibrations of the cellulose backbone polymer chains was followed under tensile deformation. Using this shift, it was possible to estimate the fiber modulus as being ∼33 GPa, which is remarkably high. Stress transfer between the hydrophobic resin and the injected CNC fibers was quantified in this new type of composite using a modified shear-lag theory showing that appreciable reinforcement occurs. Our approach presents a new way to introduce highly loaded CNC fibers in situ into a composite structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandula D. Wanasekara
- College of Engineering, Mathematics
and Physical Sciences, North Park Road, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QL United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics
and Physical Sciences, North Park Road, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QL United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Li W, Hao J, Zhou P, Liu Y, Lu C, Zhang Z. Solvent-solubility-parameter-dependent homogeneity and sol-gel transitions of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center; Xinjiang University; 666 Shengli Road Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Pucha Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center; Xinjiang University; 666 Shengli Road Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Hao J, An F, Yu Y, Zhou P, Liu Y, Lu C. Effect of coagulation conditions on solvent diffusions and the structures and tensile properties of solution spun polyacrylonitrile fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Feng An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Yuxiu Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Pucha Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology; Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang PH, Ghoshal S, Gulgunje P, Verghese N, Kumar S. Polypropylene nanocomposites with polymer coated multiwall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Lyulin SV, Larin SV, Nazarychev VM, Fal’kovich SG, Kenny JM. Multiscale computer simulation of polymer nanocomposites based on thermoplastics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238216010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Hiremath N, Mays J, Bhat G. Recent Developments in Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanotube-Based Fibers: A Review. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2016.1169546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Bao J, Clarke LI, Gorga RE. Effect of constrained annealing on the mechanical properties of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) webs containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Bao
- Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNC State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina27695
| | - Laura I. Clarke
- Department of PhysicsNC State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina27695
| | - Russell E. Gorga
- Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNC State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina27695
- Fiber and Polymer Science ProgramNC State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina27695
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Supramolecular structure of highly oriented wet-spun polyacrylonitrile fibers used in the preparation of high-performance carbon fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
38
|
Li X, Qin A, Zhao X, Liu D, Wang H, He C. Drawing dependent structures, mechanical properties and cyclization behaviors of polyacrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite fibers prepared by plasticized spinning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21856-65. [PMID: 26235219 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drawing to change the structural properties and cyclization behaviors of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) chains in crystalline and amorphous regions is carried out on PAN and PAN/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fibers. Various characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis are used to monitor the structural evolution and cyclization behaviors of the fibers. With an increase of the draw ratio during the plasticized spinning process, the structural parameters of the fibers, i.e. crystallinity and planar zigzag conformation, are decreased at first, and then increased, which are associated with the heat exchange rate and the oriented-crystallization rate. A possible mechanism for plasticized spinning is proposed to explain the changing trends of crystallinity and planar zigzag conformation. PAN and PAN/CNT fibers exhibit various cyclization behaviors induced by drawing, e.g., the initiation temperature for the cyclization (Ti) of PAN fibers is increased with increasing draw ratio, while Ti of PAN/CNT fibers is decreased. Drawing also facilitates cyclization and lowers the percentage of β-amino nitrile for PAN/CNT fibers during the stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science & Engineering Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Newcomb BA, Gulgunje PV, Gupta K, Kamath MG, Liu Y, Giannuzzi LA, Chae HG, Kumar S. Processing, structure, and properties of gel spun PAN and PAN/CNT fibers and gel spun PAN based carbon fibers. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. Newcomb
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Prabhakar V. Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Kishor Gupta
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Manjeshwar G. Kamath
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Yaodong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | | | - Han Gi Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang H, Chien AT, Liu HC, Wang PH, Newcomb BA, Kumar S. Gel Spinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Fibers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:610-616. [PMID: 33434977 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/cellulose nanocrytal (CNC) fibers containing 0, 1, 5, and 10 wt % CNCs have been successfully produced by gel spinning. The rheological properties of solutions were investigated and the results showed that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of solutions were significantly affected by the presence of CNCs in the solution. Structure, morphology, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of these fibers have been investigated. Tensile modulus and strength increased from 14.5 to 19.6 GPa and from 624 to 709 MPa, respectively, as CNC loading increased from 0 to 10 wt %. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction results showed better PAN chain alignment and higher PAN crystallinity with the incorporation of CNCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - An-Ting Chien
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - H Clive Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Po-Hsiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bradley A Newcomb
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Orientation and thermal properties of carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile nascent composite fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
42
|
Yan X, Dong H, Liu Y, Newcomb BA, Chae HG, Kumar S, Xiao Z, Liu T. Effect of processing conditions on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyacrylonitrile solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Hongming Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Yaodong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Bradley A. Newcomb
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Han Gi Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- High-Performance Materials Institute; Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Tao Liu
- High-Performance Materials Institute; Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32310
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song K, Zhang Y, Minus ML. Using Low Concentrations of Nano-Carbons to Induce Polymer Self-Reinforcement of Composites for High-Performance Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2015.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe current study focuses on the influence of low nano-carbon loading in polymer based composite fibers to modify matrix microstructure. With regards to the processing–structure–property relationship, post-spinning heat treatments (i.e., drawing, annealing without tension, and annealing with tension) was used to track microstructural development and associated mechanical property changes. Drawing and annealing procedures were found to influence the interphase volume fraction, fibril dimensions, sub-fibrillar lamellae, and sub-lamellae grain size for each sample. Annealing at 160 °C was found to have the largest impact on interphase percentage, fibril length, and grain packing density. These improvements corresponded to excellent mechanical properties for both control and composite fibers. Understanding the relationship between processing and property provides a novel perspective for producing high-performance composite materials from flexible polymers by only minimal amounts of carbon nano-fillers.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chien AT, Liu HC, Newcomb BA, Xiang C, Tour JM, Kumar S. Polyacrylonitrile fibers containing graphene oxide nanoribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5281-5288. [PMID: 25671488 DOI: 10.1021/am508594p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) made by the oxidative unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotube was dispersed in dimethylformamide and mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate continuous PAN/GONR composite fibers by gel spinning. Subsequently, PAN/GONR composite fibers were stabilized and carbonized in a batch process to fabricate composite carbon fibers. Structure, processing, and properties of the composite precursor and carbon fibers have been studied. This study shows that GONR can be used to make porous precursor and carbon fibers. In addition, GONR also shows the potential to make higher mechanical property carbon fibers than that achieved from PAN precursor only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ting Chien
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 801 Ferst Drive, NW MRDC-1, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Larin SV, Glova AD, Serebryakov EB, Nazarychev VM, Kenny JM, Lyulin SV. Influence of the carbon nanotube surface modification on the microstructure of thermoplastic binders. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07851b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural properties of polymer nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyimides filled with surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been studied by means of fully-atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - A. D. Glova
- Department of Physics
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - E. B. Serebryakov
- Department of Physics
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - V. M. Nazarychev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - J. M. Kenny
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
- Materials Science and Technology Centre
| | - S. V. Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
- Department of Physics
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mittal G, Dhand V, Rhee KY, Park SJ, Lee WR. A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 941] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
47
|
Li X, Ji X, Qin A, He C. The plasticized spinning and cyclization behaviors of functionalized carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile fibers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticized spinning and cyclization behaviors of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyacrylonitrile/functionalized carbon nanotube (PAN/CNT-COOH) composite fibers were studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science & Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science & Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Qin
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science & Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Chunju He
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Material Science & Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Cai Z, Meng X, Zhang X, Cui L, Zhou Q. Effects of surface modification of carbon nanofibers on the mechanical properties of polyamide 1212 composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Cai
- Department of Materials, College of Science; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Materials, College of Science; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xiaocan Zhang
- Department of Materials, College of Science; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Lishan Cui
- Department of Materials, College of Science; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials, College of Science; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities; China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghoshal S, Liu Y, Gulgunje P, Gupta K, Chae HG, Leisen J, Kumar S. Solid-state NMR study of spin finish of thermally treated PAN and PAN/CNT precursor fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Ghoshal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Yaodong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Prabhakar Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Kishor Gupta
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Han Gi Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Johannes Leisen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|