1
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Conka R, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PH, Hoogenboom R, D'hooge DR. An equation driven quality classification of (a)symmetric gradient, gradient-block, block-gradient-block and block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2
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Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Tang X, Liu C, Keum J, Chen J, Dial BE, Wang Y, Tsai WY, Bras W, Saito T, Bowland CC, Chen XC. Upcycling of semicrystalline polymers by compatibilization: mechanism and location of compatibilizers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10886-10894. [PMID: 35425049 PMCID: PMC8988659 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous increase of global plastics production, there is a demand to develop energy efficient processes to transform mixed plastic wastes into new products with enhanced utility – a concept that is often referred to as upcycling. Compatibilization is one of the most promising strategies to upcycle communal waste plastics. In this work, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), both widely used semicrystalline packaging polymers, are used as the target polymer blend. We systematically evaluate and compare three commercial ethylene copolymer based compatibilizers, ELVALOY™ AC 2016 Acrylate Copolymer (EAA), ELVALOY™ PTW Copolymer (PTW), and SURLYN™ 1802 Ionomer (Surlyn). They represent different compatibilization mechanisms. Furthermore, this work tackles a challenging question: where the compatibilizers are located in the blend. We discover that the location of the compatibilizer molecules can be predicted by comparing the crystallinity change of PET and HDPE in binary and ternary systems. Gaining this knowledge will facilitate root cause analysis of an ineffective compatibilizer and guide the design strategy to upcycle commingled waste plastics. Comparing the effect of a compatibilizer on the crystallinity of a semicrystalline polymer blend and its individual components is a facile way to predict the location and morphology of the compatibilizer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Tang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Changhao Liu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Jong Keum
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA.,Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Brent E Dial
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Wan-Yu Tsai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | | | - X Chelsea Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
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4
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Chen B, Torkelson JM. Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
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5
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Boadi FO, Sampson NS. Gradient Copolymer Prepared from Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis of Three Monomers. Polym Chem 2021; 12:5613-5622. [PMID: 35480962 PMCID: PMC9038129 DOI: 10.1039/d1py00690h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide is a simple but highly strained olefin monomer which forms an alternating copolymer with cyclohexene in the presence of N-heterocyclic carbene-ruthenium catalyst. [4.2.0] moiety with bulky substituent on C7 that chelate with the ruthenium center of the catalyst propagate more slowly than monomers that cannot chelate. Accordingly, the reactivity ratio of N-propylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide with cyclohexene is significantly higher than that of N-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethan)-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide with cyclohexene. A copolymerization involving the three monomers in a 1:1:2 (propyl:ethylene glycol:cyclohexene) molar ratio formed a gradient copolymer in a one-pot reaction. Surface hydrophobicity, topology, and thermal properties of the gradient copolymer were similar to those of a copolymer comprised of six microblocks prepared through multistep synthesis by alternately employing the same two bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamides in each microblock. The properties of the gradient copolymer were distinct from a copolymer comprised of two larger blocks based on the same bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Nicole S Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation with Long-Range Order in Melts of Gradient Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2637. [PMID: 33182631 PMCID: PMC7696285 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the question of whether it is possible to develop a one-step approach for the creation of microphase-separated materials with long-range order with the help of spontaneous gradient copolymers, i.e., formed during controlled copolymerization solely due to the large difference in the reactivity ratios. To that end, we studied the polymerization-induced microphase separation in bulk on the example of a monomer pair with realistic parameters based on styrene (S) and vinylpirrolydone (VP) by means of computer simulation. We showed that for experimentally reasonable chain lengths, the structures with long-range order start to appear at the conversion degree as low as 76%; a full phase diagram in coordinates (fraction of VP-conversion degree) was constructed. Rather rich phase behavior was obtained; moreover, at some VP fractions, order-order transitions were observed. Finally, we studied how the conversion degree at which the order-disorder transition occurs changes upon varying the maximum average chain length in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Lemos T, Abreu C, Pinto JC. DPD Simulations of Homopolymer–Copolymer–Homopolymer Mixtures: Effects of Copolymer Structure and Concentration. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lemos
- Programa de Engenharia Química da COPPEUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 68542 Brazil
| | - Charlles Abreu
- Escola de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 68542 Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Programa de Engenharia Química da COPPEUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 68542 Brazil
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8
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Alam MM, Jack KS, Hill DJ, Whittaker AK, Peng H. Gradient copolymers – Preparation, properties and practice. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Nechifor M, Tanasă F, Teacă CA, Zănoagă M. Compatibilization strategies toward new polymer materials from re-/up-cycled plastics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1509493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marioara Nechifor
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Fulga Tanasă
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Carmen-Alice Teacă
- Advanced Research Center for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Zănoagă
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
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10
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Zhang J, Farias-Mancilla B, Destarac M, Schubert US, Keddie DJ, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Harrisson S. Asymmetric Copolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Gradient and Other Partially Segregated Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800357. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory; of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi’an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Barbara Farias-Mancilla
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Daniel J. Keddie
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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11
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Li L, Marrou SR, Torkelson JM. Remarkable glass transition breadths up to 120 K exhibited by block-gradient copolymers and by gradient copolymers plasticized by oligomer. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Novel strategies for the synthesis of hydroxylated and carboxylated polystyrenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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14
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Wang Y, Xing W, Meng Q, Zhang Q. Preparation of compatibilizer with large specific surface and its application in immiscible polymer blends with ultra-high molecular weight. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Xing
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Meng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
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15
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Gong T, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Xie BH, Yang MB, Yang W. The effect of chain mobility on the coarsening process of co-continuous, immiscible polymer blends under quiescent melt annealing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12712-12719. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the mobility of polymer molecular chains and the phase coarsening process of co-continuous, immiscible polymer blends under quiescent melt annealing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Bang-Hu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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16
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17
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Demirel Özçam D, Teymour F. Chain-by-Chain Monte Carlo Simulation: A Novel Hybrid Method for Modeling Polymerization. Part I. Linear Controlled Radical Polymerization Systems. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Demirel Özçam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Fouad Teymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Chicago IL 60616 USA
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18
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Li X, Mastan E, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Progress in reactor engineering of controlled radical polymerization: a comprehensive review. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) represents an important advancement in polymer chemistry. It allows synthesis of polymers with well-controlled chain microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Erlita Mastan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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19
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Zhang G, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Synthesis and properties of gradient copolymers of butyl methacrylate and fluorinated acrylate via RAFT miniemulsion copolymerizations. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyan Wang
- Research and Development Center; Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd.; Shaoxing 312088 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
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20
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Guo J, Briggs N, Crossley S, Grady BP. Morphology of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends: Effects of carbon nanotubes aspect ratio and surface modification. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Guo
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Nicholas Briggs
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Steven Crossley
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Brian P. Grady
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
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21
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Li X, Liang S, Wang WJ, Li BG, Luo Y, Zhu S. Model-Based Production of Polymer Chains Having Precisely Designed End-to-End Gradient Copolymer Composition and Chain Topology Distributions in Controlled Radical Polymerization, A Review. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shaoning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L7
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22
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Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Effects of process method and quiescent coarsening on dispersed-phase size distribution in polymer blends: comparison of solid-state shear pulverization with intensive batch melt mixing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Kong M, Yang Q, Li G. Retarded stress and morphology relaxation of deformed polymer blends in the presence of a triblock copolymer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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24
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Bergman JA, Hernández NB, Cochran EW, Heinen JM. Thermodynamics of Chain Architecture in Acrylic Block Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500905n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bergman
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacú B. Hernández
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Heinen
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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25
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Gao C, Zhang S, Li X, Zhu S, Jiang Z. Synthesis of poly(ether ether ketone)-block-polyimide copolymer and its compatibilization for poly(ether ether ketone)/thermoplastic polyimide blends. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Malik R, Hall CK, Genzer J. Effect of Protein-like Copolymers Composition on the Phase Separation Dynamics of a Polymer Blend: A Monte Carlo Simulation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Malik
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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27
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Zhang J, Li J, Huang L, Liu Z. Gradient copolymers of styrene–methyl acrylate and styrene–acrylic acid by organostibine-mediated controlled/living radical polymerization and their glass transition behaviors. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Palermo EF, van der Laan HL, McNeil AJ. Impact of π-conjugated gradient sequence copolymers on polymer blend morphology. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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30
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Badi N, Chan-Seng D, Lutz JF. Microstructure Control: An Underestimated Parameter in Recent Polymer Design. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Sadik T, Massardier V, Becquart F, Taha M. Synthesis and characterizations of poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)-grafted-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Sadik T, Massardier V, Becquart F, Taha M. Polyolefins/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) blends compatibilization: Morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Amphiphilic gradient copolymer of [poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether] methacrylate and styrene via atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Nuñez K, Rosales C, Perera R, Villarreal N, Pastor J. Poly(lactic acid)/low-density polyethylene blends and its nanocomposites based on sepiolite. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Malik R, Hall CK, Genzer J. Phase Separation Dynamics for a Polymer Blend Compatibilized by Protein-like Copolymers: A Monte Carlo Simulation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2014832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Malik
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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36
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Tebben L, Studer A. Nitroxides: applications in synthesis and in polymer chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5034-68. [PMID: 21538729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes the application of nitroxides to synthesis and polymer chemistry. The synthesis and physical properties of nitroxides are discussed first. The largest section focuses on their application as stoichiometric and catalytic oxidants in organic synthesis. The oxidation of alcohols and carbanions, as well as oxidative C-C bond-forming reactions are presented along with other typical oxidative transformations. A section is also dedicated to the extensive use of nitroxides as trapping reagents for C-centered radicals in radical chemistry. Alkoxyamines derived from nitroxides are shown to be highly useful precursors of C-centered radicals in synthesis and also in polymer chemistry. The last section discusses the basics of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and also highlights new developments in the synthesis of complex polymer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Tebben
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Choudhary P, Mohanty S, Nayak SK, Unnikrishnan L. Poly(L-lactide)/polypropylene blends: Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Cho AS, Broadbelt LJ. Stochastic modelling of gradient copolymer chemical composition distribution and sequence length distribution. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020903513035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yuan W, Mok MM, Kim J, Wong CLH, Dettmer CM, Nguyen ST, Torkelson JM, Shull KR. Behavior of gradient copolymers at liquid/liquid interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3261-3267. [PMID: 19968259 DOI: 10.1021/la903017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of styrene/acrylic acid gradient and diblock copolymers at liquid/liquid interfaces was investigated by using drop shape analysis to measure the interfacial tension. Copolymers were dissolved in chloroform, and pendant drops of these solutions were created in water. Molecular conformations at the interface were inferred by measuring changes in the interfacial tension as the interface was contracted and expanded through control of the drop volume. In this way, we were able to independently determine the interfacial pressure and area modulus of the adsorbed layer. Gradient copolymers showed the largest interfacial pressure, a result that is attributed to kinetic factors associated with the nature of the micellar aggregates that form in the chloroform phase. The area modulus of the adsorbed layer depended on the processing history and was not directly related to the interfacial pressure. This result is attributed to a local segmental desorption process where portions of the molecules reversibly desorb while the number of copolymer molecules at the interface remains fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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40
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Cho AS, Wang L, Dowuona E, Zhou H, Nguyen ST, Broadbelt LJ. 4-Acetoxystyrene nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization: Comparison with styrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Ribaut T, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Fournel B, Sarrade S. Synthesis of gradient copolymers with complexing groups by RAFT polymerization and their solubility in supercritical CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Mok MM, Kim J, Wong CLH, Marrou SR, Woo DJ, Dettmer CM, Nguyen ST, Ellison CJ, Shull KR, Torkelson JM. Glass Transition Breadths and Composition Profiles of Weakly, Moderately, and Strongly Segregating Gradient Copolymers: Experimental Results and Calculations from Self-Consistent Mean-Field Theory. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9009802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungki Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | | | | | - Dong Jin Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | | | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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43
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Wang L, Broadbelt LJ. Explicit Sequence of Styrene/Methyl Methacrylate Gradient Copolymers Synthesized by Forced Gradient Copolymerization with Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Linda J. Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Lessard B, Tervo C, Marić M. High-Molecular-Weight Poly(tert
-butyl acrylate) by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization: Effect of Chain Transfer to Solvent. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Wang R, Li W, Luo Y, Li BG, Shi AC, Zhu S. Phase Behavior of Ternary Homopolymer/Gradient Copolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Yingwu Luo
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 310017; Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7; and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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He J, Wang Y, Lin Q, Chen L, Zhou X. Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Gradient Copolymers of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate andtert-Butyl Acrylate by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902728702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Zaremski MY, Kalugin DI, Golubev VB. Gradient copolymers: Synthesis, structure, and properties. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x09010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Sandoval RW, Williams DE, Kim J, Roth CB, Torkelson JM. Critical micelle concentrations of block and gradient copolymers in homopolymer: Effects of sequence distribution, composition, and molecular weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Lessard B, Marić M. Effect of an Acid Protecting Group on the “Livingness” of Poly(acrylic acid-ran-styrene) Random Copolymer Macroinitiators for Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization of Styrene. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Lessard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), McGill Institute of Advanced Materials (MIAM), McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), McGill Institute of Advanced Materials (MIAM), McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B2, Canada
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50
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Seno KI, Tsujimoto I, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Synthesis of various stimuli-responsive gradient copolymers by living cationic polymerization and their thermally or solvent induced association behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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