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Rudyak VY, Lopushenko A, Palyulin VV, Chertovich AV. Long-range ordering of velocity-aligned active polymers. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044905. [PMID: 38275191 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we study the effect of covalent bonding on the behavior of non-equilibrium systems with the active force acting on particles along their velocity. Self-ordering of single particles does not occur in this model. However, starting from some critical polymerization degree, the ordered state is observed. It is homogeneous and exhibits no phase separation. In the ordered state, the chains prefer a near-two-dimensional configuration and all move in one direction. Importantly, the self-ordering is obtained only at intermediate active force magnitudes. At high magnitudes, the transition from the disordered to ordered state is suppressed by the swelling of the chains during the transition, as we show by the transition kinetics analysis. We demonstrate the bistable behavior of the system in a particular range of polymerization degrees, amplitudes of active force, densities, and thermostat temperatures. Overall, we show that covalent bonding greatly aids the self-ordering in this active particle model, in contrast to active Brownian particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lopushenko
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Palyulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Fatikhova AV, Sergeev AV, Rudyak VY, Kozhunova EY, Chertovich AV. Charge Transfer Kinetics of Redox-Active Microgels. Langmuir 2024; 40:1840-1847. [PMID: 38197726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Polymer microgel particles decorated with redox-active functional groups are a new and promising object for electrochemical applications. However, the process of charge exchange between an electrode and a microgel particle carrying numerous redox-active centers differs fundamentally from charge exchange involving only molecular species. A single act of contact between the microgel and the electrode surface may not be enough to fully discharge the microgel, and partial charge states are to be expected. Understanding the specifics of this process is crucial for the correct analysis of the data obtained from electrochemical experiments with redox-active microgel solutions. In this study, we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics to investigate in detail the act of charge transfer from a microgel particle to a flat electrode. The simulations take into account both the mobility of functional groups carrying the charge, which depend on the microgel architecture and the charge exchange between the groups, which can accelerate the propagation of charge within the microgel volume. A set of different microgel systems were simulated in order to reveal the impact of their characteristics: fraction of redox-active groups, microgel molecular mass, cross-linker content, cross-linking topology, and solvent quality. We have found trends in microgel composition leading to the most efficient charge transfer kinetics. The obtained results would be useful for understanding experimental results and for optimizing the design of redox-active microgel particles aimed at faster discharge rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina V Fatikhova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem V Sergeev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Abstract
Polymer microgels, micrometer-sized cross-linked polymer particles, are considered to be a promising type of advanced materials for a wide range of applications. To enhance the microgels' applicability, it is essential to incorporate various functional groups into a microparticle polymer network. Yet, the availability of functional groups for the interaction with surroundings depends strongly on the properties of the polymer network and has a great impact on further effective usage. In this theoretical study, we address this question and, with the help of coarse-grained molecular dynamics computer simulations, assess the segmental mobility and accessibility of functional groups bound to polymer network depending on microgel architecture and solvent quality. Additionally, we evaluate the minimum number of functional groups needed to facilitate the hopping mechanism between the functional groups (i.e., charge transfer). As an example of practical implementation of the obtained results, we estimate the optimal network topology for redox-active microgels to provide the maximum charge capacity for the dispersion electrolyte in redox-flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sergeev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A R Khokhlov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Gavrilov AA, Rudyak VY, Chertovich AV. Corrigendum to “Computer simulation of the core–shell microgels synthesis via precipitation polymerization” [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 574 (2020) 393–398]. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Petrov A, Chertovich AV, Gavrilov AA. Phase Diagrams of Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Are Largely Determined by Polymer Recombination. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235331. [PMID: 36501725 PMCID: PMC9736918 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly (ATRP PISA) phase diagrams were obtained by the means of dissipative particle dynamics simulations. A fast algorithm for determining the equilibrium morphology of block copolymer aggregates was developed. Our goal was to assess how the chemical nature of ATRP affects the self-assembly of diblock copolymers in the course of PISA. We discovered that the chain growth termination via recombination played a key role in determining the ATRP PISA phase diagrams. In particular, ATRP with turned off recombination yielded a PISA phase diagram very similar to that obtained for a simple ideal living polymerization process. However, an increase in the recombination probability led to a significant change of the phase diagram: the transition between cylindrical micelles and vesicles was strongly shifted, and a dependence of the aggregate morphology on the concentration was observed. We speculate that this effect occurred due to the simultaneous action of two factors: the triblock copolymer architecture of the terminated chains and the dispersity of the solvophobic blocks. We showed that these two factors affected the phase diagram weakly if they acted separately; however, their combination, which naturally occurs during ATRP, affected the ATRP PISA phase diagram strongly. We suggest that the recombination reaction is a key factor leading to the complexity of experimental PISA phase diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Petrov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Gumerov RA, Rudyak VY, Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV, Potemkin II. Correction: Effect of network topology and crosslinker reactivity on microgel structure and ordering at liquid-liquid interface. Soft Matter 2022; 18:4810. [PMID: 35699144 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm90075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Effect of network topology and crosslinker reactivity on microgel structure and ordering at liquid-liquid interface' by Rustam A. Gumerov et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 3738-3747, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SM00269H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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Gumerov RA, Rudyak VY, Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV, Potemkin II. Effect of network topology and crosslinker reactivity on microgel structure and ordering at liquid-liquid interface. Soft Matter 2022; 18:3738-3747. [PMID: 35506715 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microgels synthesized in silico were studied at a liquid-liquid interface via mesoscopic computer simulations and compared to microgels with ideal (diamond-like) structure. The effect of crosslinkers reactivity ratio on the single particle morphology at the interface and monolayer behavior was examined. It was demonstrated that single particles deform into an explicit core-corona morphology when adsorbed at the interface. An increase in the crosslinker reactivity ratio decreased both the deformation ratio and the ratio between the core and corona sizes. Meanwhile, the compression of microgel monolayers revealed the existence of five distinct interparticle contact regimes, which have been observed experimentally in the literature. The crosslinker reactivity ratio appeared to define the compression range in these regimes and the sharpness of the transition between them. In particular, the higher the crosslinker reactivity ratio, the smaller the corona, and in turn, the narrower the range of the intermediate regime comprising both core-core and corona-corona contacts. The obtained results demonstrate that the more realistic model of microgels synthesized via precipitation polymerization allows for a more accurate prediction of the properties of the microgels at a liquid-liquid interface in comparison to the conventional diamond-like lattice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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8
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Rudyak VY, Sergeev AV, Kozhunova EY, Molchanov VS, Philippova OE, Chertovich AV. Viscosity of macromolecules with complex architecture. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Simulation of the RAFT polymerization in 3D: steric restrictions and incompatibility between species. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we developed a RAFT polymerization model taking into account the main reactions of the experimental RAFT process and implemented that model in dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). With...
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10
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Kozhunova EY, Rudyak VY, Li X, Shibayama M, Peters GS, Vyshivannaya OV, Nasimova IR, Chertovich AV. Microphase separation of stimuli-responsive interpenetrating network microgels investigated by scattering methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:297-305. [PMID: 33872886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymer stimuli-responsive microgels find their use in various applications. The knowledge of its internal structure is of importance for further improvement and expanding the scope. Interpenetrating network (IPN) microgels may possess a remarkable feature of strongly non-uniform inner architecture, even microphase separation, in conditions of a selective solvent. In this research, we, for the first time, use a combination of static light scattering (SLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques to collect the structure factors of aqueous dispersions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-polyacrylic acid IPN microgels on the broad scale ofqvalues. We study the influence of solvent quality on microgel conformations and show that in a selective solvent, such a system undergoes microphase separation: the sub-network in a poor solvent conditions forms dense small aggregates inside the large swollen sub-network in a good solvent. We propose the microstructured sphere model for the IPN microgel structure factor interpretation and perform additional analysis and verification through coarse-grained molecular dynamics computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Georgy S Peters
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana V Vyshivannaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina R Nasimova
- Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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11
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Abstract
We studied the crystallization of semiflexible polymer chains in melts and poor-solvent solutions with different concentrations using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) computer simulation techniques. We used the coarse-grained polymer model to reveal the general principles and microscopic scenario of crystallization in such systems at large time and length scales. It covers both primary and secondary nucleation as well as crystallites' merging. The parameters of the DPD model were chosen appropriately to reproduce the entanglements of polymer chains. We started from an initial homogeneous disordered solution of Gaussian chains and observed the initial stages of crystallization process caused in our model by orientational ordering of polymer chains and polymer-solvent phase separation. We found that the overall crystalline fraction at the end of the crystallization process decreases with the increasing polymer volume fraction while the steady-state crystallization speed at later stages does not depend on the polymer volume fraction. The average crystallite size has a maximal value in the systems with a polymer volume fraction from 0.7 to 0.95. In our model, these polymer concentrations represent an optimal value in the sense of balance between the amount of polymer material available to increase the crystallite size and chain entanglements, that prevent crystallites' growth and merging. On large time scales, our model allows us to observe lamellar thickening linear in logarithmic time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I Kos
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and N.N. Semenov Federal research center for Chemical Physics RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A Ivanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and N.N. Semenov Federal research center for Chemical Physics RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Zaremski MY, Kozhunova EY, Abramchuk SS, Glavatskaya ME, Chertovich AV. Polymerization-induced phase separation in gradient copolymers. Mendeleev Communications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Kozhunova EY, Gvozdik NA, Motyakin MV, Vyshivannaya OV, Stevenson KJ, Itkis DM, Chertovich AV. Correction to "Redox-Active Aqueous Microgels for Energy Storage Applications". J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:843. [PMID: 33427473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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14
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Kozhunova EY, Gvozdik NA, Motyakin MV, Vyshivannaya OV, Stevenson KJ, Itkis DM, Chertovich AV. Redox-Active Aqueous Microgels for Energy Storage Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1-5. [PMID: 33295771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The search for new environmental-friendly materials for energy storage is ongoing. In the presented paper, we propose polymer microgels as a new class of redox-active colloids (RACs). The microgel stable colloids are perspective low-viscosity fluids for advanced flow batteries with high volumetric energy density. In this research, we describe the procedure for the anchoring of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO) redox-active sites to the polymeric chains of water-soluble microgels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating networks. Using cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy, we show that ca. 14% of 4-amino-TEMPO groups retain electroactive properties and demonstrate the reversible redox response. It allows achieving a stable capacity of 2.5 mAh/g, enabling the low-viscous catholyte with a capacity of more than 100 mAh/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Gvozdik
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Motyakin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Oxana V Vyshivannaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith J Stevenson
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil M Itkis
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation with Long-Range Order in Melts of Gradient Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2637. [PMID: 33182631 PMCID: PMC7696285 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the question of whether it is possible to develop a one-step approach for the creation of microphase-separated materials with long-range order with the help of spontaneous gradient copolymers, i.e., formed during controlled copolymerization solely due to the large difference in the reactivity ratios. To that end, we studied the polymerization-induced microphase separation in bulk on the example of a monomer pair with realistic parameters based on styrene (S) and vinylpirrolydone (VP) by means of computer simulation. We showed that for experimentally reasonable chain lengths, the structures with long-range order start to appear at the conversion degree as low as 76%; a full phase diagram in coordinates (fraction of VP-conversion degree) was constructed. Rather rich phase behavior was obtained; moreover, at some VP fractions, order-order transitions were observed. Finally, we studied how the conversion degree at which the order-disorder transition occurs changes upon varying the maximum average chain length in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Gavrilov AA, Shupanov RM, Chertovich AV. Phase Diagram for Ideal Diblock-Copolymer Micelles Compared to Polymerization-Induced Self Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2599. [PMID: 33167451 PMCID: PMC7694520 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we constructed a detailed phase diagram for the solutions of ideal diblock-copolymers and compared such diagram with that obtained during polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA); a wide range of polymer concentrations as well as chain compositions was studied. As the length of the solvophobic block nB increases (the length of the solvophilic block nA was fixed), the transition from spherical micelles to cylinders and further to vesicles (lamellae) occurs. We observed a rather wide transition region between the spherical and cylindrical morphology in which the system contains a mixture of spheres and short cylinders, which appear to be in dynamic equilibrium; the transition between the cylinders and vesicles was found to be rather sharp. Next, upon increasing the polymer concentration in the system, the transition region between the spheres and cylinders shifts towards lower nB/nA values; a similar shift but with less magnitude was observed for the transition between the cylinders and vesicles. Such behavior was attributed to the increased number of contacts between the micelles at higher polymer volume concentrations. We also found that the width of the stability region of the cylindrical micelles for small polymer volume concentrations is in good quantitative agreement with the predictions of analytical theory. The obtained phase diagram for PISA was similar to the case of presynthesized diblock copolymer; however, the positions of the transition lines for PISA are slightly shifted towards higher nB/nA values in comparison to the presynthesized diblock copolymers, which is more pronounced for the case of the cylinders-to-vesicles transition. We believe that the reason for such behavior is the polydispersity of the core-forming blocks: The presence of the short and long blocks being located at the micelle interface and in its center, respectively, helps to reduce the entropy losses due to the insoluble block stretching, which leads to the increased stability of more curved micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Ruslan M. Shupanov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Gavrilov AA, Rudyak VY, Chertovich AV. Computer simulation of the core-shell microgels synthesis via precipitation polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:393-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Abstract
In this paper, we have implemented the sequential template synthesis of interpenetrating network (IPN) microgels in computer simulations and studied the behavior of such particles. We explored the influence of the interaction between the components of primary and secondary networks on the polymerization process and determined the necessary conditions for IPN particle formation. The interconnection between the parameters of synthesis and topological properties of the resulting microgels was investigated. We studied the morphologies of microgels in "good", "poor" and "selective" solvents. For the first time, we demonstrated the possibility of the formation of shell-corona structures in IPN microgels obtained by in silico synthesis from monomers and exposed to a selective solvent. These results allow for the better understanding of the required experimental conditions and data interpretation such as static structure factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Ushakova EE, Sergeev AV, Morzhukhin A, Napolskiy FS, Kristavchuk O, Chertovich AV, Yashina LV, Itkis DM. Free-standing Li +-conductive films based on PEO-PVDF blends. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16118-16124. [PMID: 35493665 PMCID: PMC9052884 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid electrolytes are of high interest for the development of advanced electrochemical energy storage devices with all-solid-state architectures. Here, we report the fabrication of the electrolyte membranes based on LiTFSI (LiN(CF3SO2)2) and PEO–PVDF blends with improved properties. We show that addition of PVDF enables preparation of free-standing films of the compositions within the so called “crystallinity gap” of the LiTFSI–PEO system known to provide high ion conductivity. We show that optimal PVDF content enables preparation of the films with reasonable elastic modulus and high ionic conductivity of about 0.3 mS cm−1 at 60 °C and about 0.1 mS cm−1 at room-temperature. Combining FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and DSC measurements we show that a noticeable fraction of PVDF remains crystalline and enhances the mechanical properties of the material, and at the same time it additionally promotes LiTFSI dissociation and disordering. Density functional theory calculations showed that the Li+–PEO–PVDF complexation energy magnitude is almost as high as that of Li–PEO complexes, thus the salt dissociation ability can be retained in spite of the introduction of the substantial amounts of PVDF required for mechanical stability. Addition of PVDF to LiTFSI–PEO solid electrolytes enables preparation of free-standing films with the compositions within the so called “crystallinity gap” of LiTFSI–PEO system. Such films possess ionic conductivity of about 0.3 mS cm−1 at 60 °C.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ushakova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Lab of Electrochemical Energy Conversion Kosygina str. 4 119991 Moscow Russia .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1, bld. 3 119991 Moscow Russia.,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, FLNR 141980 Dubna Moscow region Russia
| | - Artem V Sergeev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Lab of Electrochemical Energy Conversion Kosygina str. 4 119991 Moscow Russia .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1, bld. 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Artem Morzhukhin
- Dubna State University Universitetskaya 19 Dubna 141982 Moscow region Russia
| | - Filipp S Napolskiy
- Dubna State University Universitetskaya 19 Dubna 141982 Moscow region Russia
| | - Olga Kristavchuk
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, FLNR 141980 Dubna Moscow region Russia
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Lab of Electrochemical Energy Conversion Kosygina str. 4 119991 Moscow Russia .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1, bld. 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Lada V Yashina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Lab of Electrochemical Energy Conversion Kosygina str. 4 119991 Moscow Russia .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1, bld. 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Daniil M Itkis
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Lab of Electrochemical Energy Conversion Kosygina str. 4 119991 Moscow Russia .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1, bld. 3 119991 Moscow Russia
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Rudyak VY, Kozhunova EY, Chertovich AV. Towards the realistic computer model of precipitation polymerization microgels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13052. [PMID: 31506571 PMCID: PMC6737091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we propose a new method of coarse-grained computer simulations of the microgel formation in course of free radical precipitation polymerization. For the first time, we simulate the precipitation polymerization process from a dilute solution of initial components to a final microgel particle with coarse grained molecular dynamics, and compare it to the experimental data. We expect that our simulation studies of PNIPA-like microgels will be able to elucidate the subject of nucleation and growth kinetics and to describe in detail the network topology and structure. Performed computer simulations help to determine the characteristic phases of the growth process and show the necessity of prolongated synthesis for the formation of stable microgel particles. We demonstrate the important role of dangling ends in microgels, which occupy as much as 50% of its molecular mass and have previously unattended influence on the swelling behavior. The verification of the model is made by the comparison of collapse curves and structure factors between simulated and experimental systems, and high quality matching is achieved. This work could help to open new horizons in studies that require the knowledge of detailed and realistic structures of the microgel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV, Potemkin II. Phase Behavior of Melts of Diblock-Copolymers with One Charged Block. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1027. [PMID: 31185691 PMCID: PMC6630698 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the phase behavior of melts of block-copolymers with one charged block by means of dissipative particle dynamics with explicit electrostatic interactions. We assumed that all the Flory-Huggins χ parameters were equal to 0. We showed that the charge- correlation attraction solely can cause microphase separation with a long-range order; a phase diagram was constructed by varying the volume fraction of the uncharged block and the electrostatic interaction parameter λ (dimensionless Bjerrum length). The obtained phase diagram was compared to the phase diagram of "equivalent" neutral diblock-copolymers with the non-zero χ-parameter between the beads of different blocks. The neutral copolymers were constructed by grafting the counterions to the corresponding co-ions of the charged block with further switching off the electrostatic interactions. Surprisingly, the differences between these phase diagrams are rather subtle; the same phases in the same order are observed, and the positions of the order-disorder transition ODT points are similar if the λ-parameter is considered as an "effective" χ-parameter. Next, we studied the position of the ODT for lamellar structure depending on the chain length N. It turned out that while for the uncharged diblock copolymer the product χcrN was almost independent of N, for the diblock copolymers with one charged block we observed a significant increase in λcrN upon increasing N. This can be attributed to the fact that the counterion entropy prevents the formation of ordered structures, and its influence is more pronounced for longer chains since they undergo the transition to ordered structures at smaller values of λ, when the electrostatic energy becomes comparable to kbT. This was supported by studying the ODT in diblock-copolymers with charged blocks and counterions cross-linked to the charged monomer units. The ODT for such systems was observed at significantly lower values of λ, with the difference being more pronounced at longer chain lengths N. The fact that the microphase separation is observed even at zero Flory-Huggins parameter can be used for the creation of "high-χ" copolymers: The incorporation of charged groups (for example, ionic liquids) can significantly increase the segregation strength. The diffusion of counterions in the obtained ordered structures was studied and compared to the case of a system with the same number of charged groups but a homogeneous structure; the diffusion coefficient along the lamellar plane was found to be higher than in any direction in the homogeneous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Zakharchenko TK, Avdeev MV, Sergeev AV, Chertovich AV, Ivankov OI, Petrenko VI, Shao-Horn Y, Yashina LV, Itkis DM. Small-angle neutron scattering studies of pore filling in carbon electrodes: mechanisms limiting lithium-air battery capacity. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6838-6845. [PMID: 30912561 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00190e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many obstacles impede the development of Li-air batteries for practical applications. In particular, there is lack of understanding of the dynamics of processes occurring in porous air electrodes during discharge, including oxygen transport limitations, pore clogging and electrode passivation by both insulating discharge and parasitic reaction products. Here, using small-angle neutron scattering, which provides information on the whole electrode adequate to electrochemical data, we uncover the mechanisms limiting the Li-O2 porous carbon electrode capacity by analysis of the cathode pore filling in highly and poorly solvating media - dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile. The results obtained allowed us suppose that in both cases the cell death is mainly triggered by blocking of oxygen transport pathways inside carbon black particle agglomerates. Total discharge capacities are, indeed, higher in highly solvating solutions due to a higher discharge intermediate lifetime and longer diffusion distance, which enable Li2O2 formation outside the carbon black agglomerates, which are, as we demonstrated, in fact mesocrystals that are confirmed by the appearance of a diffraction peak in scattering curves.
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Sergeev AV, Zakharchenko TK, Chertovich AV, Itkis DM. Applying the deconvolution approach in order to enhance RRDE time resolution: Experimental noise and imposed limitations. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rudyak VY, Efimova EA, Guseva DV, Chertovich AV. Thermoset Polymer Matrix Structure and Properties: Coarse-Grained Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E36. [PMID: 30960020 PMCID: PMC6401891 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a thermoset polymer network is a complex process with great variability. In this study, we used dissipative particle dynamics and graph theory tools to investigate the curing process and network topology of a phthalonitrile thermoset to reveal the influence of initiator and plasticizer concentration on its properties. We also propose a novel way to characterize the network topology on the basis of two independent characteristics: simple cycle length (which is mainly affected by the initiator amount) and the number of simple cycles passing through a single covalent bond (which is determined primarily by plasticizer concentration). These values can be treated in the more familiar terms of network "mesh size" and "sponginess", correspondingly. The combination of these two topological parameters allows one to characterize any given network in an implicit but precise way and predict the resulting network properties, including the mechanical modulus. We believe that the same approach could be useful for other polymer networks as well, including rubbers and gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Efimova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Daria V Guseva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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25
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Guseva DV, Rudyak VY, Komarov PV, Bulgakov BA, Babkin AV, Chertovich AV. Dynamic and Static Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked Polymer Matrices: Multiscale Simulations and Experiments. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070792. [PMID: 30960717 PMCID: PMC6403808 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the static and dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked polymer matrices using multiscale simulations and experiments. We continued to develop the multiscale methodology for generating atomistic polymer networks, and applied it to the case of phthalonitrile resin. The mechanical properties of the resulting networks were analyzed using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The Young’s and storage moduli increased with conversion, due both to the appearance of a network of covalent bonds, and to freezing of degrees of freedom and lowering of the glass transition temperature during crosslinking. The simulations’ data showed good quantitative agreement with experimental dynamic mechanical analysis measurements at temperatures below the glass transition. The data obtained in MD and DPD simulations at elevated temperatures were conformable. This makes it possible to use the suggested approach for the prediction of mechanical properties of a broad range of polymer matrices, including ones with high structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Guseva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Komarov
- Department of General Physics, Tver State University, Sadovyj per., 35, 170002 Tver, Russia.
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris A Bulgakov
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie gory, 1-11, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Babkin
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie gory, 1-11, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Rudyak VY, Gavrilov AA, Kozhunova EY, Chertovich AV. Shell-corona microgels from double interpenetrating networks. Soft Matter 2018; 14:2777-2781. [PMID: 29633777 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microgels with a dense outer shell offer outstanding features as universal carriers for different guest molecules. In this paper, microgels formed by an interpenetrating network comprised of collapsed and swollen subnetworks are investigated using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) computer simulations, and it is found that such systems can form classical core-corona structures, shell-corona structures, and core-shell-corona structures, depending on the subchain length and molecular mass of the system. The core-corona structures consisting of a dense core and soft corona are formed at small microgel sizes when the subnetworks are able to effectively separate in space. The most interesting shell-corona structures consist of a soft cavity in a dense shell surrounded with a loose corona, and are found at intermediate gel sizes; the area of their existence depends on the subchain length and the corresponding mesh size. At larger molecular masses the collapsing network forms additional cores inside the soft cavity, leading to the core-shell-corona structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
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Kozhunova EY, Gavrilov AA, Zaremski MY, Chertovich AV. Copolymerization on Selective Substrates: Experimental Test and Computer Simulations. Langmuir 2017; 33:3548-3555. [PMID: 28326788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the influence of a selective substrate on the composition and sequence statistics during the free radical copolymerization. In particular, we study the radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in bulk and in silica pores of different sizes. We show that the substrate affects both polymer composition and sequence statistics. We use dissipative particle dynamics simulations to study the polymerization process in detail, trying to pinpoint the parameters responsible for the observed differences in the polymer chain composition and sequences. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the fraction of adsorbed monomer units, which cannot be described in the framework of the copolymerization theories based on the terminal unit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Alexey A Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Mikhail Yu Zaremski
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
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Govorun EN, Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Multiblock copolymers prepared by patterned modification: Analytical theory and computer simulations. J Chem Phys 2016; 142:204903. [PMID: 26026461 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a special type of multiblock copolymers which are synthesized by a hypothetic procedure of the modification of monomer units in a polymer melt according to a certain geometrical criterion. In particular, we explore the case of lamellar-like structures: the sequence statistics of the resulting multiblock copolymers is described and their ability to self-assemble is studied. It is found that the block-size distribution P(k) for such random copolymers contains a large fraction of short blocks with the asymptotic dependence ∼k(-3/2), where k is the block size. A characteristic feature of such multiblock copolymers is their extremely high block-size polydispersity with the polydispersity index being proportional to the space period of the modification. The morphological behavior of such copolymers is simulated by means of dissipative particle dynamics. A stable self-assembled lamellar structure is observed, but the domain size appears to be sufficiently larger than the initial pattern period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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31
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Abstract
The fractal globule state is a popular model for describing chromatin packing in eukaryotic nuclei. Here we provide a scaling theory and dissipative particle dynamics computer simulation for the thermal motion of monomers in the fractal globule state. Simulations starting from different entanglement-free initial states show good convergence which provides evidence supporting the existence of a unique metastable fractal globule state. We show monomer motion in this state to be subdiffusive described by ⟨X(2)(t)⟩∼t(αF) with αF close to 0.4. This result is in good agreement with existing experimental data on the chromatin dynamics, which makes an additional argument in support of the fractal globule model of chromatin packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Tamm
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - L I Nazarov
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - A V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Gavrilov AA, Kudryavtsev YV, Chertovich AV. Phase diagrams of block copolymer melts by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:224901. [PMID: 24329087 DOI: 10.1063/1.4837215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase diagrams for monodisperse and polydisperse diblock copolymer melts and a random multiblock copolymer melt are constructed using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. A thorough visual analysis and calculation of the static structure factor in several hundreds of points at each of the diagrams prove the ability of mesoscopic molecular dynamics to predict the phase behavior of polymer systems as effectively as the self-consistent field-theory and Monte Carlo simulations do. It is demonstrated that the order-disorder transition (ODT) curve for monodisperse diblocks can be precisely located by a spike in the dependence of the mean square pressure fluctuation on χN, where χ is the Flory-Huggins parameter and N is the chain length. For two other copolymer types, the continuous ODTs are observed. Large polydispersity of both blocks obeying the Flory distribution in length does not shift the ODT curve but considerably narrows the domains of the cylindrical and lamellar phases partially replacing them with the wormlike micelle and perforated lamellar phases, respectively. Instead of the pure 3d-bicontinuous phase in monodisperse diblocks, which could be identified as the gyroid, a coexistence of the 3d phase and cylindrical micelles is detected in polydisperse diblocks. The lamellar domain spacing D in monodisperse diblocks follows the strong-segregation theory prediction, D∕N(1∕2) ~ (χN)(1∕6), whereas in polydisperse diblocks it is almost independent of χN at χN < 100. Completely random multiblock copolymers cannot form ordered microstructures other than lamellas at any composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, build. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, build. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute
for Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel G. Khalatur
- Institute
for Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute
for Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
47, Ulm D-89069, Germany
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory,
Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute
for Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 Ulm, D-89069, Germany
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory,
Moscow 119991, Russia
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Ivanov VA, Chertovich AV, Lazutin AA, Shusharina NP, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Computer simulation of globules with microstructure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19991460135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chertovich AV, Govorun EN, Ivanov VA, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Conformation-dependent sequence design: evolutionary approach. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2004; 13:15-25. [PMID: 15024612 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2004-00036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new modification of evolutionary approach to sequence design of copolymers has been proposed. A model of step-by-step evolution of a two-letter ( HP) copolymer sequence has been studied by means of a coarse-grained Monte Carlo algorithm. The conditions for accepting a change in the primary sequence depend on the spatial conformation of HP-copolymer chain. This leads to a coupling between sequence and conformation and to formation of protein-like conformations and primary sequences (for some values of parameters of the model) independently of initial sequence and/or conformation. Simple theory describing these computer simulation observations is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Chertovich
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
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Chertovich AV, Ivanov VA, Zavin BG, Khokhlov AR. Conformation-Dependent Sequence Design of HP Copolymers: An Algorithm Based on Sequential Modifications of Monomer Units. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3919(20020901)11:7<751::aid-mats751>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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