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Haque FM, Ishibashi JSA, Lidston CAL, Shao H, Bates FS, Chang AB, Coates GW, Cramer CJ, Dauenhauer PJ, Dichtel WR, Ellison CJ, Gormong EA, Hamachi LS, Hoye TR, Jin M, Kalow JA, Kim HJ, Kumar G, LaSalle CJ, Liffland S, Lipinski BM, Pang Y, Parveen R, Peng X, Popowski Y, Prebihalo EA, Reddi Y, Reineke TM, Sheppard DT, Swartz JL, Tolman WB, Vlaisavljevich B, Wissinger J, Xu S, Hillmyer MA. Defining the Macromolecules of Tomorrow through Synergistic Sustainable Polymer Research. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6322-6373. [PMID: 35133803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming how plastics are made, unmade, and remade through innovative research and diverse partnerships that together foster environmental stewardship is critically important to a sustainable future. Designing, preparing, and implementing polymers derived from renewable resources for a wide range of advanced applications that promote future economic development, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability are all central to these efforts. In this Chemical Reviews contribution, we take a comprehensive, integrated approach to summarize important and impactful contributions to this broad research arena. The Review highlights signature accomplishments across a broad research portfolio and is organized into four wide-ranging research themes that address the topic in a comprehensive manner: Feedstocks, Polymerization Processes and Techniques, Intended Use, and End of Use. We emphasize those successes that benefitted from collaborative engagements across disciplinary lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob S A Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claire A L Lidston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alice B Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephanie Liffland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bryce M Lipinski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Yutong Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yanay Popowski
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daylan T Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy L Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Jane Wissinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang HJ, Sellaiyan S, Sako K, Uedono A, Taniguchi Y, Hayashi K. Effect of Free-Volume Hole Fraction on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Investigated by Pressure–Volume–Temperature Technique. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1824-1832. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Zhang
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - S. Sellaiyan
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - K. Sako
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - A. Uedono
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Y. Taniguchi
- NIPPON STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., Kitasode 11-5, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
| | - K. Hayashi
- NIPPON STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., Kitasode 11-5, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
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Yu X, Jia J, Xu S, Lao KU, Sanford MJ, Ramakrishnan RK, Nazarenko SI, Hoye TR, Coates GW, DiStasio RA. Unraveling substituent effects on the glass transition temperatures of biorenewable polyesters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2880. [PMID: 30038298 PMCID: PMC6056526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Converting biomass-based feedstocks into polymers not only reduces our reliance on fossil fuels, but also furnishes multiple opportunities to design biorenewable polymers with targeted properties and functionalities. Here we report a series of high glass transition temperature (Tg up to 184 °C) polyesters derived from sugar-based furan derivatives as well as a joint experimental and theoretical study of substituent effects on their thermal properties. Surprisingly, we find that polymers with moderate steric hindrance exhibit the highest Tg values. Through a detailed Ramachandran-type analysis of the rotational flexibility of the polymer backbone, we find that additional steric hindrance does not necessarily increase chain stiffness in these polyesters. We attribute this interesting structure-property relationship to a complex interplay between methyl-induced steric strain and the concerted rotations along the polymer backbone. We believe that our findings provide key insight into the relationship between structure and thermal properties across a range of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Junteng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Maria J Sanford
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ramakrishnan
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39402, USA
| | - Sergei I Nazarenko
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39402, USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Fan J, Zhou W, Wang Q, Chu Z, Yang L, Yang L, Sun J, Zhao L, Xu J, Liang Y, Chen Z. Structure dependence of water vapor permeation in polymer nanocomposite membranes investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ren YK, Li YT, Li LB. A theoretical interpretation of free volume at glass transition. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang H, Li D, Wu K, Wang F, Yang J, Zhao J. Retarded local dynamics of single fluorescent probes in polymeric glass due to interaction strengthening. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Influence of carbon nanotubes functionalization on the mechanical properties of polymethacrylate nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jane E. G. Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Chantawansri TL, Yeh IC, Hsieh AJ. Investigating the glass transition temperature at the atom-level in select model polyamides: A molecular dynamics study. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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DeFelice J, Lipson JEG. Polymer Miscibility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Free Volume as a Driving Force. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501199n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey DeFelice
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jane E. G. Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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11
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White RP, Lipson JEG. Free Volume, Cohesive Energy Density, and Internal Pressure as Predictors of Polymer Miscibility. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5005474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jane E. G. Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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12
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Riccardi CC, Schroeder WF, Serrano E, Mondragon I. Comparison of Lattice-Fluid Binary Parameters For Mixtures and Block Copolymers. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.685829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Riccardi
- a Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar de Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Mar de Plata , Argentina
| | - Walter F. Schroeder
- a Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar de Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Mar de Plata , Argentina
| | - Elena Serrano
- b Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Alicante, Campus de San Vicente , Alicante , Spain
| | - Iñaki Mondragon
- c Group “Materials + Technologies,” Polytechnic School, Departmento Ingenieria Quimica y M. Ambiente, Universidad Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia–San Sebastian , Spain
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13
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Fluorescence behavior of individual charge-transfer complexes revealed by single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy: Influence of the host polymer matrix. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Sharma SK, Zaydouri A, Roudaut G, Duplâtre G. Effect of water on glass transition in starch/sucrose matrices investigated through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy: a new approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19338-44. [PMID: 21956245 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glass transition is studied through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) in maize starch matrices containing 10 (batch STS10) and 20 (STS20) w/w% sucrose, as a function of temperature (T) and water content (c(w)). To circumvent important losses of water upon heating while recording the PALS spectra, a new method is developed: instead of a series of measurements of τ(3), the triplet positronium lifetime, at different T, the latter is kept constant and the series relates to c(w), which is left to decrease at a constant rate. Similarly to the changes in τ(3) with T, the τ(3)vs. c(w) plots obtained show a smooth linear increase until a break, denoting the occurrence of glass transition, followed by a sharper increase. The gradients appear to be independent of T. The variation of the glass transition temperature, T(g), with c(w) shows a broad sigmoid with a large linear central part; as expected from the plasticising effect of sucrose, the plot for STS20 lies some 10 K below that for STS10. Results from differential scanning calorimetry for STS20 yield T(g) values some 15 K higher than from PALS. On the basis of the general shape of the τ(3)vs. T variations, a general equation is set for τ(3)(T, c(w)), leading one to expect a similar shape for τ(3)vs. c(w), as experimentally observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Sharma
- Chimie Nucléaire, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UDS/IN2P3/CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 28 670737 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Jee AY, Park S, Lee M. Light-induced isomerization dynamics of a cyanine dye in the modulus-controlled regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15227-32. [PMID: 21769327 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trans-cis isomerization of an excited molecule converts light energy into mechanical motion, which interacts cooperatively with its surroundings. To understand such a photodynamic process in solids, we investigated the internal twisting motion of 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide (DCI) in a series of poly(alkyl methacrylate) (PAMA) polymers by measuring the Young's moduli of the polymers with atomic force microscopy nanoindentation and the fluorescence lifetimes of the dye with time-correlated single photon counting. We found that the isomerization rate constant obtained from the average lifetime correlated well with the mechanical property of the matrix. Our results show that the light-induced molecular motion lies in the modulus-controlled regime in which the polymer matrix not only provides a rigid environment for the dynamics of the molecules but also participates actively in the motion. The concept of elastic modulus may be applicable to molecular rotor dynamics in any synthetic polymer and, in principle, can be extended to biopolymers such as proteins or DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Jee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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16
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Suzuki K, Habuchi S, Vacha M. Blinking of single dye molecules in a polymer matrix is correlated with free volume in polymers. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Rätzke K, Pionteck J, Paluch M, Faupel F. Subnanometre size free volumes in amorphous Verapamil hydrochloride: A positron lifetime and PVT study through Tg in comparison with dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:388-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma SK, Roudaut G, Fabing I, Duplâtre G. Characterization of a sucrose/starch matrix through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy: unravelling the decomposition and glass transition processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14278-84. [PMID: 20882224 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The triplet state of positronium, o-Ps, is used as a probe to characterize a starch-20% w/w sucrose matrix as a function of temperature (T). A two-step decomposition (of sucrose, and then starch) starts at 440 K as shown by a decrease in the o-Ps intensity (I(3)) and lifetime (τ(3)), the latter also disclosing the occurrence of a glass transition. Upon sucrose decomposition, the matrix acquires properties (reduced size and density of nanoholes) that are different from those of pure starch. A model is successfully established, describing the variations of both I(3) and τ(3) with T and yields a glass transition temperature, T(g) = (446 ± 2) K, in spite of the concomitant sucrose decomposition. Unexpectedly, the starch volume fraction (as probed through thermal gravimetry) decreases with T at a higher rate than the free volume fraction (as probed through PALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Sharma
- Chimie Nucléaire, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UDS/IN2P3/CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 28 670737 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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20
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Dlubek G, Yu Y, Krause-Rehberg R, Beichel W, Bulut S, Pogodina N, Krossing I, Friedrich C. Free volume in imidazolium triflimide ([C3MIM][NTf2]) ionic liquid from positron lifetime: Amorphous, crystalline, and liquid states. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:124502. [PMID: 20886945 DOI: 10.1063/1.3487522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Dlubek
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Abraham S, Atvars TDZ, Weiss RG. Effects of Temperature and Alkyl Groups of Poly(Alkyl methacrylate)s on Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions of Excited Singlet States of Pyrenyl Guest Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12221-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105461r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa D. Z. Atvars
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Boiko YM. New simple method of measuring the surface glass transition temperature of polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Rowe BW, Pas SJ, Hill AJ, Suzuki R, Freeman BD, Paul D. A variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study of physical aging in thin glassy polymer films. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Stukalin EB, Douglas JF, Freed KF. Application of the entropy theory of glass formation to poly(α-olefins). J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3216109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Tiwari RS, Ludescher RD. Vanillin Phosphorescence as a Probe of Molecular Mobility in Amorphous Sucrose. J Fluoresc 2009; 20:125-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roudaut G, Duplâtre G. Positronium as a probe in natural polymers: decomposition in starch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:9556-61. [PMID: 19830341 DOI: 10.1039/b911949c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ortho-positronium (o-Ps) is used as a probe in positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) experiments, to characterise the behaviour of free volumes in natural starch samples, as a function of temperature (T). Up to about 540 K, the o-Ps intensity, I(3), remains constant at 26.2% while its lifetime, tau(3), is found to increase linearly. Both parameters undergo a decrease above this T, due to the onset of decomposition, which results in a shrinking of the sample pellets. The results indicate that the glass transition temperature should be above 501 K. Data from thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) measurements are well described by supposing a first order process for the survival probability (p) of the starch lattice, with an activation energy, E(act) = (1.52 +/- 0.05) eV, and a frequency factor, ln(k(0), s(-1)) = 25.3 +/- 0.4. In the decomposition region, the PALS data show the unexpected correlation (tau(3n))(3) = I(3n), linking the normalised values of tau(3), tau(3n), and of I(3), I(3n). This is explained by considering that the changes in I(3) with T arise from those in the surviving volume fraction of the lattice, p, whereas the changes in tau(3) reflect the shrinking of the radius of the free volumes, the latter decreasing in proportion to p(1/3). Quantitative approaches on these bases lead to satisfactory fitting of all PALS data, yielding an activation energy, E(act) = (1.53 +/- 0.03) eV, and frequency factor, ln(k(0), s(-1)) = 25.4 +/- 0.2, in excellent agreement with the values derived from TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roudaut
- Laboratoire Eau, Molécules actives, Macromolécules, Activités, ENSBANA, Université de Bourgogne, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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Xu X, Peng C, Cao G, Liu H, Hu Y. Application of a New Lattice-Fluid Equation of State Based on Chemical-Association Theory for Polymer Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie900676n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Raetzke K, Faupel F, Pionteck J, Paluch M. The temperature dependence of free volume in phenyl salicylate and its relation to structural dynamics: A positron annihilation lifetime and pressure-volume-temperature study. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:144906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Rätzke K, Faupel F, Paluch M. Temperature dependence of the free volume from positron lifetime experiments and its relation to structural dynamics: phenylphthalein-dimethylether. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:051505. [PMID: 19113134 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.051505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to study the microstructure of the free volume in the temperature range between 103 K and 393 K in phenylphthalein-dimethylether (PDE), a low-molecular-weight glass former. Using the routine LIFETIME9.0, the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime distribution was analyzed, and from this, the volume distribution gn(vh) of subnanometer-size holes was calculated. From a comparison of PALS and specific volume data, the number density and the volume fraction of holes were estimated. These free-volume data, as a function of temperature, were used to test the validity of the Cohen-Turnbull (CT) free-volume theory. It was found that the structural relaxation from dielectric spectroscopy can be described by the CT theory after introducing a corrected free volume (Vf-DeltaV), where DeltaV=0.014 cm3/g. The extended free-volume theory of Cohen and Grest can be fitted to the dielectric-relaxation and free-volume data, but the parameters of both fits are not consistent. PDE shows some peculiar features. The "knee" in the o -Ps lifetime expansion and crossover in temperature dependence of the frequency of the primary dielectric relaxation process occur at different temperatures. In addition, the change in the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann parameters at TB/Tg=1.1 has no observable effect on the mean free volume vh (or Vf). The size of the smallest representative freely fluctuating subsystem, VSV estimated from the standard deviation sigmah of gn(vh), decreases from 4.1 nm3 to 2.6 nm3 when the temperature increases from T/Tg=1.0 to 1.15. Correspondingly, the length of dynamic heterogeneity, xi=VVS1/3, decreases from 1.6 nm to 1.4 nm. It is concluded that at T/Tg approximately 1.10=TB/Tg the system transforms from a heterogeneous to a homogeneous (true) liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Dlubek
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen/Halle, Wiesenring 4, 06120 Lieskau, Germany.
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Song P, Tong L, Fang Z. Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites prepared byin situgrafting-melt intercalation with a novel cointercalating monomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dlubek G, Pionteck J, Yu Y, Thränert S, Elsayed M, Badawi E, Krause-Rehberg R. The Free Volume and Its Recovery in Pressure-Densified and CO2-Swollen Heterocyclic-Ring-Containing Fluoropolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Krause-Rehberg R, Paluch M. Effect of free volume and temperature on the structural relaxation in polymethylphenylsiloxane: A positron lifetime and pressure-volume-temperature study. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:024906. [PMID: 17228972 DOI: 10.1063/1.2406077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the free volume and its temperature dependence in polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) have been examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and pressure-volume-temperature experiments. The hole-free volume fraction h and the specific hole-free and occupied volumes, Vf=hV and Vocc=(1-h)V, were estimated employing the Simha-Somcynsky (SS) lattice-hole theory. From the PALS spectra analyzed with the new routine LT9.0 the hole size distribution, its mean, <nuh>, and mean dispersion, sigmah, were calculated. A comparison of <nuh> with V and Vf delivered a constant specific hole number Nh'. Using a fluctuation approach the temperature dependency of the volume of the smallest representative freely fluctuating subsystem, <VSV>, is estimated to vary from approximately 8.5 nm3 at Tg to approximately 3 nm3 at T/Tg>or=1.15. Unlike other polymers, the segmental relaxation from dielectric spectroscopy of PMPS follows the Cohen-Turnbull free volume theory almost perfectly in the temperature and pressure ranges between 243 and 279 K and 0 and approximately 100 MPa. This behavior correlates with the small mass of the SS lattice mer which indicates the high flexibility of the PMPS chain. Above 293 K and approximately 150 MPa, the free volume prediction gives relaxation times that are too small, which indicates that effects of thermal energy must be included in the analysis. To quantify the degree to which volume and thermal energy govern the structural dynamics the ratio of the activation enthalpies, Ei=R[(d ln taudT1)]i (tau-relaxation time of alpha relaxation), at constant volume V and constant pressure P, EV/EP, is frequently determined. The authors present arguments for necessity to substitute EV with EVf, the activation enthalpy at constant (hole) free volume, and show that EVf/EP changes as expected: increasing with increasing free volume, i.e., with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. EVf/EP (=0.04-0.1) exhibits remarkably smaller values than EV/EP (=0.44-0.53), which leads to the inference that the free volume plays a distinctly larger role in dynamics than traditionally concluded from EV/EP. This conclusion is in agreement with the results of our more direct Cohen-Turnbull free volume analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dlubek
- ITA Institut für Innovative Technologien, Köthen/Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau (bei Halle/S), Germany.
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Zhai W, Yu J, Ma W, He J. Influence of Long-Chain Branching on the Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Polycarbonates in Supercritical CO2. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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