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Pietrow M, Zaleski R, Wagner A, Słomski P, Hirschmann E, Krause-Rehberg R, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Weinberger D. An experimental investigation of light emission produced in the process of positronium formation in matter. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11264-11271. [PMID: 33950060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excess energy emitted during the positronium (Ps) formation in condensed matter may be released as light. Spectroscopic analysis of this light can be a new method of studying the electronic properties of materials. We report the first experimental attempt, according to our knowledge, to verify the existence of this emission process. As a result, the possibility of the emission of photons during Ps formation is within the experimental uncertainty in two different solids: an n-alkane and porous silica. However, it seems that the Ps formation on the alkane surface is not accompanied by the emission of photons with energy in the detection range of 1.6-3.8 eV. Various processes that can influence the energy of the photon emitted during the Ps formation are discussed to elucidate this issue. To aid future experiments, equations were developed to estimate the expected ratio of light emission events to annihilation events with the presence or absence of a photon during the Ps formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pietrow
- Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - R Zaleski
- Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - A Wagner
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Słomski
- IT Company Martinex, ul. Mełgiewska 95, 21-040 Swidnik, Poland
| | - E Hirschmann
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Krause-Rehberg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Halle, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M O Liedke
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Butterling
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Weinberger
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Arutyunov NY, Elsayed M, Krause-Rehberg R, Emtsev VV, Oganesyan GA, Kozlovski VV. Positron annihilation on defects in silicon irradiated with 15 MeV protons. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:035801. [PMID: 23221281 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/3/035801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microstructure and thermal stability of the radiation defects in n-FZ-Si ([P] ≈ 7 × 10(15) cm(-3)) single crystals have been investigated. The radiation defects have been induced by irradiation with 15 MeV protons and studied by means of both the positron lifetime spectroscopy and low-temperature measurements of the Hall effect. At each step of the isochronal annealing over the temperature range ∼60-700 °C the positron lifetime has been measured for the temperature interval ∼30-300 K, and for samples-satellites the temperature dependences of the charge carriers and mobility have been determined over the range ∼4.2-300 K. It is argued that as-grown impurity centers influence the average positron lifetime by forming shallow (E(b) ≈ 0.013 eV) positron states. The radiation-induced defects were also found to trap positrons into weakly bound (E(b) ≤ 0.01 eV) states. These positron states are observed at cryogenic temperatures during the isochronal annealing up to T(anneal.) = 340 °C. The stages of annealing in the temperature intervals ∼60-180 °C and ∼180-260 °C reflect the disappearance of E-centers and divacancies, respectively. Besides these defects the positrons were found to be localized at deep donor centers hidden in the process of annealing up to the temperature T(anneal.) ≈ 300 °C. The annealing of the deep donors occurs over the temperature range ∼300-650 °C. At these centers positrons are estimated to be bound with energies E(b) ≈ 0.096 and 0.021 eV within the temperature intervals ∼200-270 K and ∼166-66 K, respectively. The positron trapping coefficient from these defects increases from ∼1.1 × 10(16) to ∼6.5 × 10(17) s(-1) over the temperature range ∼266-66 K, thus substantiating a cascade phonon-assisted positron trapping mechanism whose efficiency is described by ≈T(-3) law. It is argued that the value of activation energy of the isochronal annealing E(a) ≈ 0.74-0.59 eV is due to dissociation of the positron traps, which is accompanied by restoration of the electrical activity of the phosphorus atoms. The data suggest that the deep donors involve a phosphorus atom and at least two vacancies. Their energy levels are at least at E > E(c) - 0.24 eV in the investigated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Arutyunov
- Department of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Dlubek G, Yu Y, Krause-Rehberg R, Beichel W, Bulut S, Pogodina N, Krossing I, Friedrich C. Free volume in imidazolium triflimide ([C3MIM][NTf2]) ionic liquid from positron lifetime: Amorphous, crystalline, and liquid states. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:124502. [PMID: 20886945 DOI: 10.1063/1.3487522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Dlubek
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Kullmann J, Enke D, Thraenert S, Krause-Rehberg R, Inayat A. Characterization of nanoporous monoliths using nitrogen adsorption and positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thraenert S, Hassan EM, Enke D, Fuerst D, Krause-Rehberg R. Verifying the RTE model: ortho-positronium lifetime measurement on controlled pore glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200675738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Krause-Rehberg R, Paluch M. Effect of free volume and temperature on the structural relaxation in polymethylphenylsiloxane: A positron lifetime and pressure-volume-temperature study. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:024906. [PMID: 17228972 DOI: 10.1063/1.2406077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the free volume and its temperature dependence in polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) have been examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and pressure-volume-temperature experiments. The hole-free volume fraction h and the specific hole-free and occupied volumes, Vf=hV and Vocc=(1-h)V, were estimated employing the Simha-Somcynsky (SS) lattice-hole theory. From the PALS spectra analyzed with the new routine LT9.0 the hole size distribution, its mean, <nuh>, and mean dispersion, sigmah, were calculated. A comparison of <nuh> with V and Vf delivered a constant specific hole number Nh'. Using a fluctuation approach the temperature dependency of the volume of the smallest representative freely fluctuating subsystem, <VSV>, is estimated to vary from approximately 8.5 nm3 at Tg to approximately 3 nm3 at T/Tg>or=1.15. Unlike other polymers, the segmental relaxation from dielectric spectroscopy of PMPS follows the Cohen-Turnbull free volume theory almost perfectly in the temperature and pressure ranges between 243 and 279 K and 0 and approximately 100 MPa. This behavior correlates with the small mass of the SS lattice mer which indicates the high flexibility of the PMPS chain. Above 293 K and approximately 150 MPa, the free volume prediction gives relaxation times that are too small, which indicates that effects of thermal energy must be included in the analysis. To quantify the degree to which volume and thermal energy govern the structural dynamics the ratio of the activation enthalpies, Ei=R[(d ln taudT1)]i (tau-relaxation time of alpha relaxation), at constant volume V and constant pressure P, EV/EP, is frequently determined. The authors present arguments for necessity to substitute EV with EVf, the activation enthalpy at constant (hole) free volume, and show that EVf/EP changes as expected: increasing with increasing free volume, i.e., with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. EVf/EP (=0.04-0.1) exhibits remarkably smaller values than EV/EP (=0.44-0.53), which leads to the inference that the free volume plays a distinctly larger role in dynamics than traditionally concluded from EV/EP. This conclusion is in agreement with the results of our more direct Cohen-Turnbull free volume analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dlubek
- ITA Institut für Innovative Technologien, Köthen/Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau (bei Halle/S), Germany.
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Dlubek G, Pionteck J, Sniegocka M, Hassan EM, Krause-Rehberg R. Temperature and pressure dependence of the free volume in the perfluorinated polymer glass CYTOP: A positron lifetime and pressure-volume-temperature study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dlubek G, Sen Gupta A, Pionteck J, Häßler R, Krause-Rehberg R, Kaspar H, Lochhaas K. Glass transition and free volume in the mobile (MAF) and rigid (RAF) amorphous fractions of semicrystalline PTFE: a positron lifetime and PVT study. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dlubek G, Supej M, Bondarenko V, Pionteck J, Pompe G, Krause-Rehberg R, Emri I. Ortho-positronium lifetime distribution analyzed with MELT and LT and free volume in poly(?-caprolactone) during glass transition, melting, and crystallization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mohsen M, Krause-Rehberg R, Massoud A, Langhammer H. Donor-doping effect in BaTiO3 ceramics using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dlubek G, Bondarenko V, Pionteck J, Supej M, Wutzler A, Krause-Rehberg R. Free volume in two differently plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)s: a positron lifetime and PVT study. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dlubek G, Pionteck J, Bondarenko V, Pompe G, Taesler C, Petters K, Krause-Rehberg R. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) for Interdiffusion Studies in Disperse Blends of Compatible Polymers: A Quantitative Analysis. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020451z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Dlubek
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - J. Pionteck
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - V. Bondarenko
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - G. Pompe
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - Ch. Taesler
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - K. Petters
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
| | - R. Krause-Rehberg
- ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Köthen, Branch Office Halle, Wiesenring 4, D-06120 Lieskau, Germany, Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, Martin-Luther-University, Department of Physics, D-06099 Halle/S., Germany
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Dlubek G, Taesler C, Pompe G, Pionteck J, Petters K, Redmann F, Krause-Rehberg R. Interdiffusion in a particle matrix system of two miscible polymers: An investigation by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dlubek G, Redmann F, Krause-Rehberg R. Humidity-induced plasticization and antiplasticization of polyamide 6: A positron lifetime study of the local free volume. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Staab TE, Nieminen RM, Gebauer J, Krause-Rehberg R, Luysberg M, Haugk M, Frauenheim T. Do arsenic interstitials really exist in As-rich GaAs? Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:045504. [PMID: 11461630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.045504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the lattice distortion caused by point defects in As-rich GaAs, we make use of a self-consistent-charge density-functional based tight-binding method. Both relevant defects, the As antisite and the As interstitial, cause significant lattice distortion. In contrast to As interstitials, isolated As antisites lead to lattice strain as well as displacement of nearest neighbor As lattice atoms into the <110> channels, in excellent agreement with experiments. Therefore, our result gives powerful evidence for As antisites being the dominating defect in as-grown As-rich GaAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Staab
- Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
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Dlubek G, Börner F, Buchhold R, Sahre K, Krause-Rehberg R, Eichhorn KJ. Damage-depth profiling of ion-irradiated polyimide films with a variable-energy positron beam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0488(20001201)38:23<3062::aid-polb80>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krause-Rehberg R, Leipner HS, Kupsch A, Polity A, Drost T. Positron study of defects in as-grown and plastically deformed GaAs:Te. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:2385-2395. [PMID: 10011072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Krause-Rehberg R, Drost T, Polity A, Roos G, Pensl G, Volm D, Meyer BK, Bischopink G, Benz KW. Evidence for a vacancy-related ground state of the DX center in AlxGa1-xSb: A positron-annihilation study. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:11723-11725. [PMID: 10007507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Krause-Rehberg R, Brohl M, Leipner HS, Drost T, Polity A, Beyer U, Alexander H. Defects in plastically deformed semiconductors studied by positron annihilation: Silicon and germanium. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:13266-13276. [PMID: 10005631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Krause-Rehberg R, Zimmermann H, Klimakow A, Drost T. Occupation of the Cd Vacancy Site in CdTe by Diffusing Silver Atoms Observed by Positron Annihilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211340228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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