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Vijay NK, Maya PN, Mukherjee S, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Attallah AG, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Benoy MD. Effect of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnO thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:135002. [PMID: 38061063 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure, defects and optical properties of ZnO thin films are investigated using sol-gel based spin coating method for a range of annealing temperatures from 200∘C to 500∘C. The correlation among the microstructure, defects, impurity content and the optical band gap of films of thickness about 10-12 nm is elucidated. The particle size increases and the optical band gap reduces with the annealing temperature. At 200∘C, amorphous films were formed with particle size less than 10 nm with an optical band gap of about 3.41 eV. As the temperature increases the grain size increases and the defect, impurity content as well as the optical band gap reduces. This could be due to the reduction in the lattice strain. For an average grain size of about 35 nm and above, the band gap asymptotically approaches the theoretical value of ZnO (3.37 eV). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a systematic red-shift in the excitonic levels corresponding to the variation in the optical band-gap. The defect emission from Zn-vacancies is observed in the PL spectra and are further supported by the positron annihilation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P N Maya
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - M O Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A G Attallah
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - E Hirschmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M D Benoy
- Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686666, India
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2
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Steuer O, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Schwarz D, Schulze J, Li Z, Wagner A, Fischer IA, Hübner R, Zhou S, Helm M, Cuniberti G, Georgiev YM, Prucnal S. Evolution of point defects in pulsed-laser-melted Ge 1-xSn xprobed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:085701. [PMID: 37931296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad0a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct-band-gap Germanium-Tin alloys (Ge1-xSnx) with high carrier mobilities are promising materials for nano- and optoelectronics. The concentration of open volume defects in the alloy, such as Sn and Ge vacancies, influences the final device performance. In this article, we present an evaluation of the point defects in molecular-beam-epitaxy grown Ge1-xSnxfilms treated by post-growth nanosecond-range pulsed laser melting (PLM). Doppler broadening - variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy and variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy are used to investigate the defect nanostructure in the Ge1-xSnxfilms exposed to increasing laser energy density. The experimental results, supported with ATomic SUPerposition calculations, evidence that after PLM, the average size of the open volume defects increases, which represents a raise in concentration of vacancy agglomerations, but the overall defect density is reduced as a function of the PLM fluence. At the same time, the positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis provides information about dislocations and Ge vacancies decorated by Sn atoms. Moreover, it is shown that the PLM reduces the strain in the layer, while dislocations are responsible for trapping of Sn and formation of small Sn-rich-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Steuer
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M O Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Schwarz
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Semiconductor Engineering, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Z Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - I A Fischer
- Experimental Physics and Functional Materials, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - R Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Cuniberti
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y M Georgiev
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tsarigradsko Chausse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S Prucnal
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Beiranvand A, Liedke MO, Haalisto C, Lähteenlahti V, Schulman A, Granroth S, Palonen H, Butterling M, Wagner A, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Manipulating magnetic and magnetoresistive properties by oxygen vacancy complexes in GCMO thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:155804. [PMID: 35078169 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4eac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect ofin situannealing is investigated in Gd0.1Ca0.9MnO3(GCMO) thin films in oxygen and vacuum atmospheres. We show that the reduction of oxygen content in GCMO lattice by vacuum annealing induced more oxygen complex vacancies in both subsurface and interface regions and larger grain domains when compared with the pristine one. Consequently, the double exchange interaction is suppressed and the metallic-ferromagnetic state below Curie temperature turned into spin-glass insulating state. In contrast, the magnetic and resistivity measurements show that the oxygen treatment increases ferromagnetic phase volume, resulting in greater magnetization (MS) and improved magnetoresistivity properties below Curie temperature by improving the double exchange interaction. The threshold field to observe the training effect is decreased in oxygen treated film. In addition, the positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis exhibits fewer open volume defects in the subsurface region for oxygen treated film when compared with the pristine sample. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the oxygen treated film with significant spin memory and greater magnetoresistance can be a potential candidate for the future memristor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beiranvand
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M O Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Haalisto
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - V Lähteenlahti
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A Schulman
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Granroth
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H Palonen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Macková A, Fernandes S, Matejíček J, Vilémová M, Holý V, Liedke M, Martan J, Vronka M, Potoček M, Bábor P, Butterling M, Attallah A, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Havránek V. Radiation damage evolution in pure W and W-Cr-Hf alloy caused by 5 MeV Au ions in a broad range of dpa. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Beiranvand A, Liedke MO, Haalisto C, Lähteenlahti V, Schulman A, Granroth S, Palonen H, Butterling M, Wagner A, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Tuned AFM-FM coupling by the formation of vacancy complex in Gd 0.6Ca 0.4MnO 3thin film lattice. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:255803. [PMID: 33878744 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf9ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect ofin situoxygen and vacuum annealings on the low bandwidth manganite Gd1-xCaxMnO3(GCMO) thin film withx= 0.4 was investigated. Based on the magnetic measurements, the AFM-FM coupling is suppressed by the vacuum annealing treatment via destroying the double exchange interaction and increasing the unit cell volume by converting the Mn4+to the Mn3+. Consequently, resistance increases significantly compared to pristine film. The results are explained by a model obtained from the positron annihilation studies, where the vacuum annealing increased the annihilation lifetime in A and B sites due to the formation of vacancy complexesVA,B-VO, which was not the case in the pristine sample. The positron annihilation analysis indicated that most of the open volume defects have been detected in the interface region rather than on the subsurface layer and this result is confirmed by detailed x-ray reflection analysis. On the other hand, the effect of oxygen annealing on the unit cell volume and magnetization was insignificant. This is in agreement with positron annihilation results which demonstrated that the introduction of oxygen does not change the number of cation vacancies significantly. This work demonstrates that the modification of oxygen vacancies and vacancy complexes can tune magnetic and electronic structure of the epitaxial thin films to provide new functionalities in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beiranvand
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M O Liedke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Haalisto
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - V Lähteenlahti
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A Schulman
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Granroth
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H Palonen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Pietrow M, Zaleski R, Wagner A, Słomski P, Hirschmann E, Krause-Rehberg R, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Weinberger D. An experimental investigation of light emission produced in the process of positronium formation in matter. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11264-11271. [PMID: 33950060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excess energy emitted during the positronium (Ps) formation in condensed matter may be released as light. Spectroscopic analysis of this light can be a new method of studying the electronic properties of materials. We report the first experimental attempt, according to our knowledge, to verify the existence of this emission process. As a result, the possibility of the emission of photons during Ps formation is within the experimental uncertainty in two different solids: an n-alkane and porous silica. However, it seems that the Ps formation on the alkane surface is not accompanied by the emission of photons with energy in the detection range of 1.6-3.8 eV. Various processes that can influence the energy of the photon emitted during the Ps formation are discussed to elucidate this issue. To aid future experiments, equations were developed to estimate the expected ratio of light emission events to annihilation events with the presence or absence of a photon during the Ps formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pietrow
- Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - R Zaleski
- Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - A Wagner
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Słomski
- IT Company Martinex, ul. Mełgiewska 95, 21-040 Swidnik, Poland
| | - E Hirschmann
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Krause-Rehberg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Halle, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M O Liedke
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Butterling
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Weinberger
- Institut für Strahlenphysik/Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Agarwal S, Liedke MO, Jones ACL, Reed E, Kohnert AA, Uberuaga BP, Wang YQ, Cooper J, Kaoumi D, Li N, Auguste R, Hosemann P, Capolungo L, Edwards DJ, Butterling M, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Selim FA. A new mechanism for void-cascade interaction from nondestructive depth-resolved atomic-scale measurements of ion irradiation-induced defects in Fe. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba8437. [PMID: 32832684 PMCID: PMC7439404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nondestructive investigation of single vacancies and vacancy clusters in ion-irradiated samples requires a depth-resolved probe with atomic sensitivity to defects. The recent development of short-pulsed positron beams provides such a probe. Here, we combine depth-resolved Doppler broadening and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopies to identify vacancy clusters in ion-irradiated Fe and measure their density as a function of depth. Despite large concentrations of dislocations and voids in the pristine samples, positron annihilation measurements uncovered the structure of vacancy clusters and the change in their size and density with irradiation dose. When combined with transmission electron microscopy measurements, the study demonstrates an association between the increase in the density of small vacancy clusters with irradiation and a remarkable reduction in the size of large voids. This, previously unknown, mechanism for the interaction of cascade damage with voids in ion-irradiated materials is a consequence of the high porosity of the initial microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agarwal
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - M O Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A C L Jones
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - E Reed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - A A Kohnert
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - B P Uberuaga
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Y Q Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Cooper
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - D Kaoumi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - N Li
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - R Auguste
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Hosemann
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - L Capolungo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D J Edwards
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - E Hirschmann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - F A Selim
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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8
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Jakubowski MM, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Dynowska E, Sveklo I, Milińska E, Kurant Z, Böttger R, von Borany J, Maziewski A, Wagner A, Wawro A. On defects' role in enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co/Pt, induced by ion irradiation. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:185801. [PMID: 30699388 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of magnetic and magneto-optical properties of Pt/Co(d Co )/Pt upon Ar+ irradiation (with energy 1.2, 5 and 30 keV) and fluence, F at the range from 2 · 1013-2 · 1016 Ar+ cm-2) were studied. Two 'branches' of increased perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and enhanced magneto-optical response are found on 2D (d Co , F) diagrams. The difference in F between 'branches' is driven by ion energy. Structural features correlated with magnetic properties have been analysed thoroughly by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Experimental results are in agreement with TRIDYN numerical calculations of irradiation-induced layers intermixing. Our work discusses particularly structural factors related to crystal lattice defects and strain, created and modified by irradiation, co-responsible for the increase in the PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jakubowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Yildirim O, Butterling M, Cornelius S, Mikhailovskiy Y, Novikov A, Semisalova A, Orlov A, Gan'shina E, Perov N, Anwand W, Wagner A, Potzger K, Granovsky AB, Smekhova A. Ferromagnetism and structural defects in V-doped titanium dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201300722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Massarczyk R, Schwengner R, Dönau F, Frauendorf S, Anders M, Bemmerer D, Beyer R, Bhatia C, Birgersson E, Butterling M, Elekes Z, Ferrari A, Gooden ME, Hannaske R, Junghans AR, Kempe M, Kelley JH, Kögler T, Matic A, Menzel ML, Müller S, Reinhardt TP, Röder M, Rusev G, Schilling KD, Schmidt K, Schramm G, Tonchev AP, Tornow W, Wagner A. Nuclear deformation and neutron excess as competing effects for dipole strength in the pygmy region. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:072501. [PMID: 24579591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic dipole strength below the neutron-separation energy has been studied for the xenon isotopes with mass numbers A=124, 128, 132, and 134 in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments using the γELBE bremsstrahlung facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and the HIγS facility at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham. The systematic study gained new information about the influence of the neutron excess as well as of nuclear deformation on the strength in the region of the pygmy dipole resonance. The results are compared with those obtained for the chain of molybdenum isotopes and with predictions of a random-phase approximation in a deformed basis. It turned out that the effect of nuclear deformation plays a minor role compared with the one caused by neutron excess. A global parametrization of the strength in terms of neutron and proton numbers allowed us to derive a formula capable of predicting the summed E1 strengths in the pygmy region for a wide mass range of nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Massarczyk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Schwengner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Dönau
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Frauendorf
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - M Anders
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Beyer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Bhatia
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Birgersson
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Butterling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Z Elekes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M E Gooden
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - R Hannaske
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A R Junghans
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Kempe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J H Kelley
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - T Kögler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Matic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M L Menzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T P Reinhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Röder
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Rusev
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K D Schilling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A P Tonchev
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W Tornow
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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