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Maçon ALB, Rehman SU, Bell RV, Weaver JVM. Reversible assembly of pH responsive branched copolymer-stabilised emulsion via electrostatic forces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:136-9. [PMID: 26503757 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06636k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The judicious compositional and structural design of a branched co-polymeric surfactant allows for the production of highly stable oil in water emulsion droplets with reversible electrostatic aggregation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L B Maçon
- Imperial College London, Materials Department, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- Imperial College London, Materials Department, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Robert V Bell
- Imperial College London, Materials Department, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Jonathan V M Weaver
- Imperial College London, Materials Department, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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3
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Kevill DN, Ryu ZH. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of 2,1-Benzoxathiol-3-One-1, 1-dioxide (2-Sulfobenzoic Acid Cyclic Anhydride). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14412072517781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solvolysis of acyclic mixed carboxylic–sulfonic anhydrides in hydroxylic solvents is known to involve displacement at the carbonyl carbon to produce a carboxylic acid (water as the nucleophile) and/or an ester (alcohol as the nucleophile) plus the anion of the sulfonic acid. Parallel solvolyses of the cyclic mixed anhydride 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride (structurally similar to phthalic anhydride but with one carbonyl group replaced by a sulfonyl group) involve expulsion from the carbonyl carbon of a sulfonate anion that remains attached as an ortho-substituent in the benzoic acid and/or benzoate ester produced. This complicates the choice of a solvent-ionising-power scale for use in an extended Grunwald–Winstein equation treatment. The YOTs scale, previously recommended as a good general purpose scale, is chosen and used in conjunction with the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale. An acceptable correlation is obtained, which is improved when the two solvents rich in the highly ionising 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol are excluded. As the solvent is varied, the sensitivities to the changes induced in the two scales are low, consistent with an early transition state, but their ratio has a value which is typical for a pathway involving addition–elimination, with addition rate-determining. Earlier reports, supporting aspects of the proposed mechanism, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N. Kevill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2862, USA
| | - Zoon Ha Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, 995 Eomgwango, Busan-Jin-Gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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Raffa P, Wever DAZ, Picchioni F, Broekhuis AA. Polymeric Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Links to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8504-63. [PMID: 26182291 DOI: 10.1021/cr500129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Armando Zakarias Wever
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A Broekhuis
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yao Y, Wang P, Giese R. Evaporative derivatization of phenols with 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride for detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:653-661. [PMID: 24519828 PMCID: PMC4041620 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phenols are an important class of analytes, for example as bioactive environmental contaminants. Towards a goal of improving their detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or MALDI-tandem time-of-flight (TOF/TOF)-MS, we studied their derivatization with 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride (SBA). We chose SBA for this purpose since it is commercially available, inexpensive, and forms an anionic derivative. METHODS Under the selected conditions developed here for phenols, a reaction mixture of one or more of such compounds in acetonitrile containing SBA and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is evaporated to a solid, heated at 60 °C for 1 h, redissolved in 50% acetonitrile containing matrix, spotted onto a MALDI target, and subjected to negative ion MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. RESULTS While conventional (solution-phase) reaction of 4-phenylphenol (model analyte) with SBA and DMAP only gave a 47% yield of SBA-tagged 4-phenylphenol, evaporative derivatization as above gave a 96% yield, and 25 pmol (4.3 ng) of 4-phenylphenol could be detected in this way by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS at signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 260, whereas even 1 nmol of the nonderivatized phenol was not detected in the absence of derivatization. A wide range of responses was observed when a mixture of 15 phenols was derivatized, with the higher responses coming from phenols with a pKa value above 9. Without derivatization, phenols with pKa values below 5 were the most readily detected. CONCLUSIONS Evaporative derivatization with SBA (a convenient reagent) can improve the detection of phenols with relatively high pKa values (above 9) by negative ion MALDI-TOF-MS, and accomplish this in the absence of post-derivatization reaction cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Giese
- Correspondence to: Dr Roger Giese, Northeastern University, 206 The Fenway, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, Telephone: 617-373-3227, Fax: 617-373-8720,
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11
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Patrucco E, Ouasti S, Vo CD, De Leonardis P, Pollicino A, Armes SP, Scandola M, Tirelli N. Surface-Initiated ATRP Modification of Tissue Culture Substrates: Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) as an Antifouling Surface. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:3130-40. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Patrucco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Sihem Ouasti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Cong Duan Vo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Piero De Leonardis
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Antonino Pollicino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Steve P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Mariastella Scandola
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
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Zhang J, Dubay MR, Houtman CJ, Severtson SJ. Sulfonated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly in Water, and Application as Stabilizer in Emulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Matthew R. Dubay
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Carl J. Houtman
- USDA, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Steven J. Severtson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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