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Tripathi AK, Tsavalas JG. A surprisingly gentle approach to cavity containing spherocylindrical microparticles from ordinary polymer dispersions in flow. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2808-2815. [PMID: 34605843 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach to fully transform spherical polymeric microparticles to elongated spherocylinders containing an internal cavity under ambient and mild stirring conditions. Critical to the process is to deform the amorphous and non-crosslinked particles under glassy conditions for an unusually long time; 120 hours for the poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles discussed in greatest detail. Larger particles in the 5 micron and greater range were markedly more susceptible to the shear imposed by stirring the aqueous dispersion. The resulting morphology is robust and kinetically frozen yet reverts to the original spherical shape if annealed above the glass transition temperature with suitable temperature or plasticizer. The volume fraction of the internal void can be modulated by particle composition and process conditions and is irregular in shape we believe as a result of a cavitation event during plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - John G Tsavalas
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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2
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Parker N, Rahman M, Bilgili E. Impact of media material and process parameters on breakage kinetics–energy consumption during wet media milling of drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Hwang SH, Shahsavari R. Intrinsic Size Effect in Scaffolded Porous Calcium Silicate Particles and Mechanical Behavior of Their Self-Assembled Ensembles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:890-899. [PMID: 29241004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolded porous submicron particles with well-defined diameter, shape, and pore size have profound impacts on drug delivery, bone-tissue replacement, catalysis, sensors, photonic crystals, and self-healing materials. However, understanding the interplay between pore size, particle size, and mechanical properties of such ultrafine particles, especially at the level of individual particles and their ensemble states, is a challenge. Herein, we focus on porous calcium-silicate submicron particles with various diameters-as a model system-and perform extensive 900+ nanoindentations to completely map out their mechanical properties at three distinct structural forms from individual submicron particles to self-assembled ensembles to pressure-induced assembled arrays. Our results demonstrate a notable "intrinsic size effect" for individual porous submicron particles around ∼200-500 nm, induced by the ratio of particle characteristic diameter to pore characteristic size distribution. Increasing this ratio results in a brittle-to-ductile transition where the toughness of the submicron particles increases by 120%. This size effect becomes negligible as the porous particles form superstructures. Nevertheless, the self-assembled arrays collectively exhibit increasing elastic modulus as a function of applied forces, while pressure-induced compacted arrays exhibit no size effect. This study will impact tuning properties of individual scaffolded porous particles and can have implications on self-assembled superstructures exploiting porosity and particle size to impart new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Hwang
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rouzbeh Shahsavari
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- C-Crete Technologies LLC , 13000 Murphy Rd, Ste 102, Stafford, Texas 77477, United States
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Nguyen HV, He J, Helland T, Kristiansen H, Aasmundtveit KE. Electrical characterization of individual metal-coated polymer spheres used in isotropic conductive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Vu Nguyen
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology; University College of Southeast Norway; Raveien 215 Borre 3184 Norway
| | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechanical Lab; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Richard Birkelands Vei 1A Trondheim 7491 Norway
| | - Tore Helland
- Mosaic Solutions AS; Dragonveien 54 Skjetten 2013 Norway
| | | | - Knut E. Aasmundtveit
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology; University College of Southeast Norway; Raveien 215 Borre 3184 Norway
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Cox LM, Killgore JP, Li Z, Long R, Sanders AW, Xiao J, Ding Y. Influences of Substrate Adhesion and Particle Size on the Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3691-3698. [PMID: 27023181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formulations and applications of micro- and nanoscale polymer particles have proliferated rapidly in recent years, yet knowledge of their mechanical behavior has not grown accordingly. In this study, we examine the ways that compressive strain, substrate surface energy, and particle size influence the shape memory cycle of polystyrene particles. Using nanoimprint lithography, differently sized particles are programmed into highly deformed, temporary shapes in contact with substrates of differing surface energies. Atomic force microscopy is used to obtain in situ measurements of particle shape recovery kinetics, and scanning electron microscopy is employed to assess differences in the profiles of particles at the conclusion of the shape memory cycle. Finally, finite element models are used to investigate the growing impact of surface energies at smaller length scales. Results reveal that the influence of substrate adhesion on particle recovery is size-dependent and can become dominating at submicron length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Aric W Sanders
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Zhang L, Wang W, Zheng L, Wang X, Yan Q. Quantitative Characterization of Mechanical Property of Annealed Monolayer Colloidal Crystal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:451-459. [PMID: 26700374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative characterization of the mechanical properties of a polystyrene (PS) monolayer colloidal crystal (MCC) annealed with solvent vapor has been performed for the first time by means of atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. The results showed that both the compressive and bending elastic modulus of PS MCC increased with the prolongation of annealing time from initial to 13 min. When the annealing time reached 15 min or even more, the PS MCC almost deformed to a planar film, and the elastic modulus of the PS MCC presented a drastic increase. These results provide a basis for tailoring the mechanical properties of a polymer colloidal monolayer via solvent vapor annealing. Such self-supported and high-mechanical-strength colloidal monolayers can be transferred to other surfaces for potential and promising applications in the bottom-up fabrication of highly ordered nanostructured materials such as nano dot arrays, photonic crystals, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Numerical investigation and dimensional analysis of reaction runaway evaluation for thermal polymerization. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Boldon L, Laliberte F, Liu L. Review of the fundamental theories behind small angle X-ray scattering, molecular dynamics simulations, and relevant integrated application. NANO REVIEWS 2015; 6:25661. [PMID: 25721341 PMCID: PMC4342503 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v6.25661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the fundamental concepts and equations necessary for performing small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MD-SAXS analyses were reviewed. Furthermore, several key biological and non-biological applications for SAXS, MD, and MD-SAXS are presented in this review; however, this article does not cover all possible applications. SAXS is an experimental technique used for the analysis of a wide variety of biological and non-biological structures. SAXS utilizes spherical averaging to produce one- or two-dimensional intensity profiles, from which structural data may be extracted. MD simulation is a computer simulation technique that is used to model complex biological and non-biological systems at the atomic level. MD simulations apply classical Newtonian mechanics' equations of motion to perform force calculations and to predict the theoretical physical properties of the system. This review presents several applications that highlight the ability of both SAXS and MD to study protein folding and function in addition to non-biological applications, such as the study of mechanical, electrical, and structural properties of non-biological nanoparticles. Lastly, the potential benefits of combining SAXS and MD simulations for the study of both biological and non-biological systems are demonstrated through the presentation of several examples that combine the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Boldon
- Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA;
| | - Fallon Laliberte
- Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA;
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Paul J, Romeis S, Mačković M, Marthala V, Herre P, Przybilla T, Hartmann M, Spiecker E, Schmidt J, Peukert W. In situ cracking of silica beads in the SEM and TEM — Effect of particle size on structure–property correlations. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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A review of models for single particle compression and their application to silica microspheres. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhao J, Nagao S, Odegard GM, Zhang Z, Kristiansen H, He J. Size-dependent mechanical behavior of nanoscale polymer particles through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:541. [PMID: 24359191 PMCID: PMC3878413 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) are promising materials used for producing ultra-thin liquid-crystal displays. Because the mechanical response of polymer particles can have a significant impact in the performance of ACAs, understanding of this apparent size effect is of fundamental importance in the electronics industry. The objective of this research is to use a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model to verify and gain physical insight into the observed size dependence effect in polymer particles. In agreement with experimental studies, the results of this study clearly indicate that there is a strong size effect in spherical polymer particles with diameters approaching the nanometer length scale. The results of the simulations also clearly indicate that the source for the increases in modulus is the increase in relative surface energy for decreasing particle sizes. Finally, the actual contact conditions at the surface of the polymer nanoparticles are shown to be similar to those predicted using Hertz and perfectly plastic contact theory. As ACA thicknesses are reduced in response to reductions in polymer particle size, it is expected that the overall compressive stiffness of the ACA will increase, thus influencing the manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhao
- NTNU Nanomechancial Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shijo Nagao
- NTNU Nanomechancial Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gregory M Odegard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- NTNU Nanomechancial Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechancial Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Wu J, He J, Odegard GM, Zhang Z. Effect of chain architecture on the compression behavior of nanoscale polyethylene particles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:322. [PMID: 23855722 PMCID: PMC3726466 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric particles with controlled internal molecular architectures play an important role as constituents in many composite materials for a number of emerging applications. In this study, classical molecular dynamics techniques are employed to predict the effect of chain architecture on the compression behavior of nanoscale polyethylene particles subjected to simulated flat-punch testing. Cross-linked, branched, and linear polyethylene chain architectures are each studied in the simulations. Results indicate that chain architecture has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of polyethylene nanoparticles, with the network configuration exhibiting higher compressive strengths than the branched and linear architectures. These findings are verified with simulations of bulk polyethylene. The compressive stress versus strain profiles of particles show four distinct regimes, differing with that of experimental micron-sized particles. The results of this study indicate that the mechanical response of polyethylene nanoparticles can be custom-tailored for specific applications by changing the molecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wu
- NTNU Nanomechanical Lab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Richard Birkelands vei 1a, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Jianying He
- NTNU Nanomechanical Lab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Richard Birkelands vei 1a, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Gregory M Odegard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- NTNU Nanomechanical Lab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Richard Birkelands vei 1a, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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14
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Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bai W, Chen D, Zhang Z, Li Q, Zhang D, Xiong C. Poly(para-dioxanone)/inorganic particle composites as a novel biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:945-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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