1
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Huang DE, Kotula AP, Snyder CR, Migler KB. Crystallization Kinetics in an Immiscible Polyolefin Blend. Macromolecules 2022; 55. [PMID: 36969109 PMCID: PMC10037551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the problem of brittle mechanical behavior in recycled blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP), we employ optical microscopy, rheo-Raman, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the composition dependence of their crystallization kinetics. Raman spectra are analyzed via multivariate curve resolution with alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) to provide component crystallization values. We find that iPP crystallization behavior varies strongly with blend composition. Optical microscopy shows that three crystallization kinetic regimes correspond to three underlying two-phase morphologies: HDPE droplets in iPP, the inverse, and cocontinuous structures. In the HDPE droplet regime, iPP crystallization temperature decreases sharply with increasing HDPE composition. For cocontinuous morphologies, iPP crystallization is delayed, but the onset temperature changes little with the exact blend composition. In the iPP droplet regime, the two components crystallize nearly concurrently. Rheological measurements are consistent with these observations. DSC indicates that the enthalpy of crystallization of the blends is less than the weighted values of the individual components, providing a possible clue for the decreased iPP crystallization temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek E. Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Anthony P. Kotula
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kalman B. Migler
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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2
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Shear-induced crystallization of unimodal/bimodal polyethylene at high temperatures affected by C4 short-branching. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Gu X, Hong R, Leng J, Hu M, Fu Q, Zhang J. Evolution of iPP/HDPE Morphology under Different Mold Temperatures via Multiflow Vibration Injection Molding: Thermal Field Simulation and Oriented Structures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Hong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Leng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Menglong Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Jiang L, Zhu M, An M, Li Y, Miao W, Wang Z, Hsiao BS. The influence of short chain branch on formation of shear-induced crystals in bimodal polyethylene at low shear temperatures. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Li G, Hou X, Li H, Kang Z, Shao C, Liu C. Interfacial cylindrite of poly(lactic acid) induced by pulling a single glass fiber. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Speranza V, Liparoti S, Pantani R, Titomanlio G. Hierarchical Structure of iPP During Injection Molding Process with Fast Mold Temperature Evolution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E424. [PMID: 30704102 PMCID: PMC6384804 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mold surface temperature strongly influences the molecular orientation and morphology developed in injection molded samples. In this work, an isotactic polypropylene was injected into a rectangular mold, in which the cavity surface temperature was properly modulated during the process by an electrical heating device. The induced thermo-mechanical histories strongly influenced the morphology developed in the injection molded parts. Polarized optical microscope and atomic force microscope were adopted for morphological investigations. The combination of flow field and cooling rate experienced by the polymer determined the hierarchical structure. Under strong flow fields and high temperatures, a tightly packed structure, called shish-kebab, aligned along the flow direction, was observed. Under weak flow fields, the formation of β-phase, as cylindrites form, was observed. The formation of each morphological structure was analyzed and discussed on the bases of the flow and temperature fields, experienced by the polymer during each stage of the injection molding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno⁻via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Sara Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno⁻via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno⁻via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Titomanlio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno⁻via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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7
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The influence of short chain branch on formation of shear induced crystals in bimodal polyethylene at high shear temperatures. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Xie L, Sun X, Tian Y, Dong F, He M, Xiong Y, Zheng Q. Self-nanofibrillation strategy to an unusual combination of strength and toughness for poly(lactic acid). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-nanofibrillation strategy paves a new way to an unprecedented combination of strength and toughness for pure PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Yaozhu Tian
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Fuping Dong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Min He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Yuzhu Xiong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials and Metallurgy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
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9
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Shear-induced crystallization in phase-separated blends of isotactic polypropylene with ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Zhang RY, Yang W, Zhang K, Feng J, Zhu CX, Xia XC, He S, Feng JM, Liu ZY, Yang MB. An unusual transition from point-like to fibrillar crystals in injection-molded polyethylene articles induced by lightly cross-linking and melt penetration. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16444j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an unusual transition from point-like to fibrillar crystals has been realized by lightly cross-linking structure and melt penetration.
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11
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Zhang RY, Yang W, Zhang QP, Xia XC, Zhu CX, He S, Huang YH, Liu ZY, Yang MB. Hierarchical crystalline morphologies induced by a distinctly different melt penetrating process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18885g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the first time that hierarchically crystalline morphologies induced by melt penetration of the melt with different interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Shan He
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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12
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Zhang L, Shi W, Cheng H, Han CC. Reexamination of shish kebab formation in poly(ethylene oxide) melts. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Xu H, Xie L, Jiang X, Hakkarainen M, Chen JB, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Structural Basis for Unique Hierarchical Cylindrites Induced by Ultrahigh Shear Gradient in Single Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(lactic acid) Green Composites. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1676-86. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500100z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Xie
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing-Bin Chen
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Phulkerd P, Hirayama S, Nobukawa S, Inoue T, Yamaguchi M. Structure and mechanical anisotropy of injection-molded polypropylene with a plywood structure. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zhang B, Chen J, Cui J, Zhang H, Ji F, Zheng G, Heck B, Reiter G, Shen C. Effect of Shear Stress on Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene from a Structured Melt. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- Hermann Staudinger Graduate
School, University of Freiburg, D-79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center
for Advanced Polymer Processing Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fangfang Ji
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center
for Advanced Polymer Processing Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic
of China
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16
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In situ small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering measurements on a blend of deuterated and hydrogenated polyethylenes during uniaxial drawing. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Zhang B, Chen J, Ji F, Zhang X, Zheng G, Shen C. Effects of melt structure on shear-induced β-cylindrites of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Influence of shearing on impact polypropylene copolymer: Phase morphology, thermal and rheological behavior. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-012-1145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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LIU XIANG, BAI SHIBING, WANG QI. Influence of Shearing on Crystallization Behavior of Polyoxymethylene/Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Crystalline/Crystalline Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.609788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XIANG LIU
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - SHIBING BAI
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - QI WANG
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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20
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Shen B, Liang Y, Zhang C, Han CC. Shear-Induced Crystallization at Polymer–Substrate Interface: The Slippage Hypothesis. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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Zhang K, Liu Z, Yang B, Yang W, Lu Y, Wang L, Sun N, Yang M. Cylindritic structures of high-density polyethylene molded by multi-melt multi-injection molding. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Zhang B, Chen J, Zhang X, Shen C. Formation of β-cylindrites under supercooled extrusion of isotactic polypropylene at low shear stress. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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