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Zhang K, Gao HM, Xu D, Lu ZY. Tethering solvophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes: an effective method for adjusting surface patterns. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:890-900. [PMID: 30633294 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different lengths of solvophilic A and C blocks on the assembled configuration of intermediate solvophobic B-blocks in both ABA and ABC polymer brush systems is investigated via dissipative particle dynamics simulations. For the AB diblock copolymer brush with solvophilic A-blocks being grafted to the surface, B-blocks self-assemble into spherical micelle structures that are immersed in a layer formed by the A-blocks. Tethering a very small solvophilic block A(C) at the free end of the polymer brush pulls the B-blocks toward the polymer brush/solvent interface and increases their local density which can significantly change the B-block self-assembled structure from spherical micelles to ripples. By increasing the length of the outermost solvophilic blocks, the lateral density distribution of B-blocks can be further changed, resulting in the domain size of the ripple structure first decreasing and then increasing. Compared to the ABA system, the incompatibility between the A and C blocks can effectively reduce the vertical domain separation caused by the fusion of the upper and lower A blocks. Then, based on an AB diblock copolymer brush system with self-assembled spherical micelles, we introduce extremely short free solvophilic blocks A(C) in dilute solution that can be tethered to the free ends of the polymer brush by using a reaction model [Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2007, 127, 144903]. We find that the micelles' coalescence is mainly affected by the content of tethered reactive solvophilic blocks, and only weakly affected by the reaction rate of the reversible reactions. This strategy of tethering solvophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes can be an effective way for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive surfaces and for adjusting nanoscopic surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Davydovich O, Chu E, Friar Z, Smilgies DM, Moore P, Sidorenko A. Coordinated Responsive Arrays of Surface-Linked Polymer Islands-CORALs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7459-7468. [PMID: 29405063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of co-ordinated responsive arrays of surface-linked islands (polymer CORALs) is introduced. This study targets a responsive system capable of revealing or covering the substrate surface in response to environmental changes in a reversible way. A convenient method of fabrication of polymer CORALs is proposed. It is based on microphase separation that occurs in thin films of supramolecular assemblies of block copolymers with reactive blocks. Such blocks form nanometer-size domains that may serve as anchors for surface-linked polymer islands. Two characteristics of the islands are critically important for the switching function: high grafting density within the islands and small lateral separation that allows interactions between polymer chains grafted to the neighboring islands. This combination permits complete coverage of the substrate surface upon exposure to a good solvent (relaxed state). In a weak solvent, the chains collapse within the islands, thus revealing the substrate (compact state). The morphology of the CORALs in both states and some details of the switching process were studied with atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence small-angle scattering, and coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Davydovich
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elza Chu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zachary Friar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Preston Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander Sidorenko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Khabibullin A, Mastan E, Matyjaszewski K, Zhu S. Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Briones X, Urzúa M, Ríos H, Espinoza-Beltrán F, Dabirian R, Yazdani-Pedram M. Thin films of amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. Soft materials characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Z, Liu R, Mai B, Wang W, Wu Q, Liang G, Gao H, Zhu F. Temperature-induced and crystallization-driven self-assembly of polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) in solution. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li X, Wang M, Wang L, Shi X, Xu Y, Song B, Chen H. Block copolymer modified surfaces for conjugation of biomacromolecules with control of quantity and activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1122-1128. [PMID: 23265296 DOI: 10.1021/la3044472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brush layers based on block copolymers of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were formed on silicon wafers by activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). Different types of biomolecule can be conjugated to these brush layers by reaction of PGMA epoxide groups with amino groups in the biomolecule, while POEGMA, which resists nonspecific protein adsorption, provides an antifouling environment. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle, ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the modification reactions. Phase segregation of the copolymer blocks in the layers was observed by AFM. The effect of surface properties on protein conjugation was investigated using radiolabeling methods. It was shown that surfaces with POEGMA layers were protein resistant, while the quantity of protein conjugated to the diblock copolymer modified surfaces increased with increasing PGMA layer thickness. The activity of lysozyme conjugated on the surface could also be controlled by varying the thickness of the copolymer layer. When biotin was conjugated to the block copolymer grafts, the surface remained resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption but showed specific binding of avidin. These properties, that is, well-controlled quantity and activity of conjugated biomolecules and specificity of interaction with target biomolecules may be exploited for the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in sensor applications. More generally, such surfaces may be useful as biological recognition elements of high specificity for functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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Tellechea E, Cornago I, Ciaurriz P, Moran JF, Asensio AC. Conjugation of active iron superoxide dismutase to nanopatterned surfaces. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2012; 11:176-80. [PMID: 22665394 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2012.2194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase enzymes (SODs) are an essential part of the first line of cellular defense system against free radicals species. They catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Although several studies have examined the attachment of superoxide dismutases to nanoparticles and nanostructures, never has been used a member of the Fe/MnSOD family. In this study, the behavior of plant origin FeSOD enzyme on three different nanopatterned surfaces was investigated as a function of covalent and electrostatic binding. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that the protein is attached only to the gold layer. We also examined the activity of SOD by a colorimetric assay, and we have shown that the enzyme remains active after attachment to the three different surfaces under both kind of binding (electrostatic and covalent). This methodology could be useful for those who want to functionalize nanostructures with a SOD enzyme and test the activity. This process could be of great interest for the development of peroxynitrite and superoxide biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Tellechea
- FideNa (Foundation for r+d in nanotechnology), Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, C/Tajonar s/n, E-31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Morsch S, Schofield WCE, Badyal JPS. Tailoring the density of surface-tethered bottlebrushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14151-14159. [PMID: 22029905 DOI: 10.1021/la201967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface-tethered bottlebrushes have been prepared by ATRP grafting of the macroinitiator brush backbone onto plasmachemical-deposited poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) initiator nanofilms followed by ATRP growth of the side chains (bristles). The surface density of bottlebrushes can be precisely tailored by varying the plasmachemical deposition parameters employed for producing the poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) initiator nanolayers. Lateral force scanning probe microscopy has shown that poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) bottlebrush-decorated surfaces give rise to an enhancement in lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morsch
- Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England, UK
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Orski SV, Fries KH, Sontag SK, Locklin J. Fabrication of nanostructures using polymer brushes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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