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Gavande V, Jeong M, Lee WK. On the Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polypropylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4236. [PMID: 37959916 PMCID: PMC10647653 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene (UHMWPP) as a dispersed component was melt blended with conventional high-density polyethylene (PE) and maleic anhydride grafted-polyethylene (mPE) in different proportions through a kneader. Ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene is a high-performance polymer material that has excellent mechanical properties and toughness compared to other polymers. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties were presented for various UHMWPP loadings, and correlations between mechanical and rheological properties were examined. Optimal comprehensive mechanical properties are achieved when the UHMWPP content reaches approximately 50 wt%, although the elongation properties do not match those of pure PE or mPE. However, it is worth noting that the elongation properties of these blends did not match those of PE or mPE. Particularly, for the PE/UHMWPP blends, a significant drop in tensile strength was observed as the UHMWPP content decreased (from 30.24 MPa for P50U50 to 13.12 MPa for P90U10). In contrast, the mPE/UHMWPP blends demonstrated only minimal changes in tensile strength (ranging from 29 MPa for mP50U50 to 24.64 MPa for mP90U10) as UHMWPP content varied. The storage modulus of the PE/UHMWPP blends increased drastically with the UHMWPP content due to the UHMWPP chain entanglements and rigidity. Additionally, we noted a substantial reduction in the melt index of the blend system when the UHMWPP content exceeded 10% by weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Won-Ki Lee
- Division of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (V.G.)
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2
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Fazli A, Rodrigue D. Thermoplastic Elastomer based on Recycled HDPE/Ground Tire Rubber Interfacially Modified with an Elastomer: Effect of Mixing Sequence and Elastomer Type/Content. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2033770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fazli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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3
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Wu X, Liu YX, Wu HP, Wu H, Wang HJ, Duan YX, Zhang JM. Cellulose Nanocrystals-mediated Phase Morphology of PLLA/TPU Blends for 3D Printing. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Nucleation modalities in poly(lactide), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) ternary blends with partial wetting morphology. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Effect of morphology alteration on mechanical properties and fracture toughness of polypropylene/polyamide 6/ethylene polypropylene diene monomer graft maleic anhydride (PP/PA6/EPDM-g-MA) reactive ternary blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Fenni SE, Wang J, Haddaoui N, Favis BD, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Nucleation of Poly(lactide) Partially Wet Droplets in Ternary Blends with Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2020; 53:1726-1735. [PMID: 33814614 PMCID: PMC8016171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first investigation on the crystallization behavior of partially wet droplets in immiscible ternary blends. Poly(lactide), poly(ε-caprolactone), and poly(butylene succinate) (PLA, PCL, and PBS, respectively) were melt blended in a 10/45/45 weight ratio to produce a "partial wetting" morphology with droplets of the PLA minor phase located at the interface between the other two major components. The crystallization process of the higher melting PLA droplets was studied by polarized light optical microscopy, while the other components remain in the molten state. We found that neighboring partially wet droplets nucleate in close sequence. This is unexpected since partially wet droplets display points of three-phase contact and, hence, should not touch each other. Moreover, the onset of poly(lactide) crystallization is frequently observed at the interface with molten PCL or PBS, with a significant preference for the former polymer. The observed sequential droplet-to-droplet crystallization is attributed to the weak partial wetting behavior of the PCL/PLA/PBS ternary system. In fact, the contact between the interfacially confined droplets during crystallization due to their mobility can lead to a transition from a partial to a completely wet state, with the formation of thin continuous layers bridging larger partially wet droplets. This allows crystallization to spread sequentially between neighboring domains. Using a simple heterogeneous nucleation model, it is shown that the nucleation of PLA on either PCL or PBS melts is energetically feasible. This study establishes a clear relationship between the unique partial wetting morphology of ternary blends and the nucleation of the minor component, paving the way to the understanding and control of crystallization in multiphasic polymer blends for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eddine Fenni
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Jun Wang
- CREPEC,
Department of Chemical Engineering, École
Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Nacerddine Haddaoui
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Basil D. Favis
- CREPEC,
Department of Chemical Engineering, École
Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal
3, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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7
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Carvalho VL, Safieddine C, Demarquette NR, Pinheiro LA. In situ
compatibilization of a polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene ternary blend through Friedel–Crafts alkylation. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius L. Carvalho
- Post‐Graduation Program in Materials Engineering and Science, State University of Ponta Grossa 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, Ponta Grossa 84030‐900 Paraná Brazil
| | - Camila Safieddine
- Post‐Graduation Program in Materials Engineering and Science, State University of Ponta Grossa 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, Ponta Grossa 84030‐900 Paraná Brazil
| | - Nicole R. Demarquette
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Department of Mechanical Engineering 1100 Notre‐Dame St W Montreal Quebec H3C 1K3 Canada
| | - Luís A. Pinheiro
- Department of Materials EngineeringState University of Ponta Grossa 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, Ponta Grossa 84030‐900 Paraná Brazil
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8
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Fu Y, Fodorean G, Navard P, Peuvrel-Disdier E. Study of the partial wetting morphology in polylactide/poly[(butylene adipate)- co-terephthalate]/polyamide ternary blends: case of composite droplets. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de mise en forme des matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, rue Claude Daunesse; Sophia Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Gabriel Fodorean
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de mise en forme des matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, rue Claude Daunesse; Sophia Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Patrick Navard
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de mise en forme des matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, rue Claude Daunesse; Sophia Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Edith Peuvrel-Disdier
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de mise en forme des matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, rue Claude Daunesse; Sophia Antipolis Cedex France
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9
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Elasticity or viscosity, which one is more influential on the internal structure of a core-shell morphology in ternary blends? JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Smith MJ, Verbeek CJR. Manipulating morphology in thermoplastic protein/polyester blends for improved impact strength. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Zolali AM, Favis BD. Partial to complete wetting transitions in immiscible ternary blends with PLA: the influence of interfacial confinement. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2844-2856. [PMID: 28352895 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study it is shown that the three different intermediate phases in melt blended ternary PLA/PHBV/PBS, PLA/PBAT/PE and PLA/PE/PBAT systems all demonstrate partial wetting, but have very different wetting behaviors as a function of composition and annealing. The interfacial tension of the various components, their spreading coefficients and the contact angles of the confined partially wet droplets at the interface are examined in detail. A wetting transition from partially wet droplets to a complete layer at the interface is observed for both PHBV and PBAT by increasing the concentration and also by annealing. In contrast, in PLA/PE/PBAT, the partially wet droplets of PE at the interface of PLA/PBAT coalesce and grow in size, but remain partially wet even at a high PE concentration of 20% and after 30 min of quiescent annealing. The dewetting speed of the intermediate phase is found to be the principal factor controlling these wetting transitions. This work shows the significant potential for controlled wetting and structuring in ternary polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Zolali
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3A7, Canada.
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12
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Li H, Xie XM. Morphology development and superior mechanical properties of PP/PA6/SEBS ternary blends compatibilized by using a highly efficient multi-phase compatibilizer. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Shao Y, Dou R, Li SL, Yin B, Yang MB. Morphology evolution and the tri-continuous morphology formation of a PVDF/PS/HDPE ternary blend in melt mixing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulate the perfect tri-continuous structure of the PVDF/PS/HDPE system successfully and it can allow preparation for the functionalization of tri-continuous morphology!
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-lin Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- People's Republic of China
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14
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Dou R, Li S, Shao Y, Yin B, Yang M. Insight into the formation of a continuous sheath structure for the PS phase in tri-continuous PVDF/PS/HDPE blends. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hierarchical tri-continuous structure is formed and controlled in PVDF/PS/HDPE ternary blends. A very high level of PS continuity, about 80%, is achieved only with a PS volume composition as low as 11 vol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shuanglin Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yan Shao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
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15
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Mazidi MM, Razavi Aghjeh MK, Khonakdar HA, Reuter U. Structure–property relationships in super-toughened polypropylene-based ternary blends of core–shell morphology. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific “percolated/interconnected” morphology of PA6/EPDM-g-MA core–shell modifier particles in PP matrix resulted in a tremendous enhancement of impact strength. Fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms were studied and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehrabi Mazidi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
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16
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Mehrabi Mazidi M, Razavi Aghjeh MK. Synergistic toughening effects of dispersed components in PP/PA6/EPDM ternary blends; quantitative analysis of the fracture toughness via the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A synergistic toughening effect of soft EPDM particles and rigid PA6 domains for PP/PA/EPDM ternary blends was observed and the related micromechanisms were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehrabi Mazidi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
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17
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Dou R, Shen C, Yin B, Yang MB, Xie BH. Tailoring the impact behavior of polyamide 6 ternary blends via a hierarchical core–shell structure in situ formed in melt mixing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical core–shell structure in PA6/HDPE-g-MA/EPDM ternary blend was firstly formed using simple melt mixing. A super toughness PA6 ternary blends with HDPE-g-MA multi-core structure was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ming-bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bang-hu Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
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18
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Babaei A, Arefazar A. Effect of Maleated Styrene/Ethylene-co-Butylene/Styrene on the Dispersed Particles Size and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6/Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/Poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) Ternary Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2014.895634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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On the reliability of existing theoretical models in anticipating type of morphology and domain size in HDPE/PA-6/EVOH ternary blends. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Xiu H, Huang C, Bai H, Jiang J, Chen F, Deng H, Wang K, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Improving impact toughness of polylactide/poly(ether)urethane blends via designing the phase morphology assisted by hydrophilic silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Dou R, Wang W, Zhou Y, Gong L, Yin B, Yang MB. Encapsulated phase structure and morphology evolution during quiescent annealing in ternary polymer blends with PA6 as matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
| | | | | | | | - Ming-bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
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22
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Yousfi M, Soulestin J, Vergnes B, Lacrampe MF, Krawczak P. Morphology and mechanical properties of PET/PE blends compatibilized by nanoclays: Effect of thermal stability of nanofiller organic modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Li LP, Yin B, Zhou Y, Gong L, Yang MB, Xie BH, Chen C. Characterization of PA6/EPDM-g-MA/HDPE ternary blends: The role of core-shell structure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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