Synthesis and characterization of novel polyampholyte and polyelectrolyte polymers containing imidazole, triazole or pyrazole

Copper(II) ions removal from model galvanic wastewater by green one-pot synthesised amino-hypophosphite polyampholyte

The amino-hypophosphite polyampholyte (AHP) obtained from cheap and safe building blocks lacks a typical ion-scavenger matrix derived from crude-oil intermediates like poly(divinylbenzene), which is an advantage to commercial solutions. AHP is characterised by sorption capacity comparable to some ion scavengers available on the market, as it was found that its maximum capacity in the temperature range from 298 K to 328 K varies between 114 and 146 mg Cu(II) g^-1 of dry AHP. The possible application of the AHP in the Cu(II) removal process from galvanic effluent was investigated. The results show that it is possible to achieve a good removal rate for model wastewater. The inlet Cu²⁺ concentrations of model wastewater were 6.4 mg Cu(II) dm^-3 and 36,2 mg Cu(II) dm^-3, acidic and basic galvanic wastewater respectively. After the removal process concentrations were lowered to 1.3 mg Cu(II) dm^-3 and 5.1 mg Cu(II) dm^-3, for acidic and basic galvanic wastewater respectively. It was found that the presence of Ca(II) and Na(I) did not significantly influence the Cu(II) removal process. The obtained results indicate that the prepared more environmentally safe ion scavenger can be applicable in a wide range of metal ion removal processes.

A review of polyampholytic ion scavengers for toxic metal ion removal from aqueous systems

Pollution by heavy metal ions in aqueous systems gained researchers attention gradually. Toxic metal ions were always present in the environment and the living organisms could get used to specific concentrations of contaminants with given time, however, sudden concentration rise we are observing can make it impossible for the living organisms to adapt. Many ion removal technologies were developed and optimised over the years to cope with this problem, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, membrane filtration and ion-exchange. Adsorption and ion exchange are processes that employ certain materials, that can be collectively named ion scavengers, to remove ions from aqueous solutions. Some of the scavenger materials are still barely studied, in particular polyampholytes - polymeric zwitterionic materials. This review showcases papers published on toxic metal ion removal by polyampholytes, both commercial and experimental, over last two decades. Many recent publications show promising properties of experimental materials that match or even outperform commercial scavengers. This review was prepared to encourage other researchers to investigate this broad and still not well-studied class of materials especially in context of their ion-scavenging properties. Polyamphytes which may be especially worth the attention and further research have been highlighted as literature studies show that the most unexplored materials in the class of polyamphytes are those containing aminomethylphosphonate, aminomethylsulfonate or hypophosphorous acid group.

Phosphorus adsorption by a modified polyampholyte-diatomaceous earth material containing imidazole and carboxylic acid moieties: batch and dynamic studies

Phosphorus removal in water was achieved by using a polyampholyte supported on diatomaceous earth.

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of cationic hydrogels containing copper(II) and cobalt(II) ions

Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel based on ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane (DA). Chemically stable Co(II) and Cu(II) coordination complexes were prepared with this nonsoluble polyelectrolyte, poly(EGDE-DA), and studied by ss-NMR, FT-IR, thermogravimetry, and microscopy. Mesopores were found in all the samples, the thermal stability of the polymer matrix was highly affected by the presence of metal ions, and the (13)C CP-MAS spectrum for the Cu(II)-complex evidenced a significant increase in the reticulation degree by Cu(II) ions. The catalytic activity of these materials on H2O2 activation was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The Co(II)-poly(EGDE-DA)/H2O2 heterogeneous system produced O2, an anion superoxide (O2(•)¯), and a hydroxyl radical (OH(•)), which diffused into the solution at the time that a decrease in pH was detected. In the same way, the Cu(II)-poly(EGDE-DA)/H2O2 heterogeneous system produced O2 and OH(•). H2O2 activation by the poly(EGDE-DA) complexes with Co(II) and Cu(II) were applied on the decolorization of solutions of the azo-dye methyl orange (MO). In the presence of 63 mM H2O2, 87% of MO was removed in 10 min with Cu(II)-poly(EGDE-DA) and in 110 min with Co(II)-poly(EGDE-DA). In addition, the pharmaceutical product epinephrine was partially oxidized to adrenochrome by the O2(•)¯ released from the Co(II)-poly(EGDE-DA)/H2O2 heterogeneous system.