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Ortega-Iguña M, Akhavan-Safar A, Carbas R, Sánchez-Amaya J, Chludzinski M, da Silva L. Use of seawater to improve the static strength and fatigue life of bonded coated steel joints. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Morsch S, Lyon SB, Gibbon S, Irwin M. Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Stuart B. Lyon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Simon Gibbon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Perspectives on Yellowing in the Degradation of Polymer Materials: Inter-relationship of Structure, Mechanisms and Modes of Stabilisation. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Ji Z, Zhang F, Chen H, He W, Xing Z, Wu G. Simultaneous aging of DGEBA/MeHHPA epoxy resin under thermal heating and gamma irradiation up to 1000 kGy. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krauklis AE, Karl CW, Rocha IBCM, Burlakovs J, Ozola-Davidane R, Gagani AI, Starkova O. Modelling of Environmental Ageing of Polymers and Polymer Composites-Modular and Multiscale Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:216. [PMID: 35012240 PMCID: PMC8747293 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Service lifetimes of polymers and polymer composites are impacted by environmental ageing. The validation of new composites and their environmental durability involves costly testing programs, thus calling for more affordable and safe alternatives, and modelling is seen as such an alternative. The state-of-the-art models are systematized in this work. The review offers a comprehensive overview of the modular and multiscale modelling approaches. These approaches provide means to predict the environmental ageing and degradation of polymers and polymer composites. Furthermore, the systematization of methods and models presented herein leads to a deeper and reliable understanding of the physical and chemical principles of environmental ageing. As a result, it provides better confidence in the modelling methods for predicting the environmental durability of polymeric materials and fibre-reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E. Krauklis
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | | | - Iuri B. C. M. Rocha
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Juris Burlakovs
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Ruta Ozola-Davidane
- Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Abedin I. Gagani
- Siemens Digital Industries Software, Via Werner von Siemens 1, 20128 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
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High temperature aging of epoxy-based molding compound and its effect on mechanical behavior of molded electronic package. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Celina MC, Linde E, Martinez E. Carbonyl Identification and Quantification Uncertainties for Oxidative Polymer Degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Colin X, Essatbi F, Delozanne J, Moreau G. Towards a general kinetic model for the thermal oxidation of epoxy-diamine networks. Effect of the molecular mobility around the glass transition temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Morsch S, Liu Y, Lyon S, Gibbon S, Gabriele B, Malanin M, Eichhorn KJ. Examining the early stages of thermal oxidative degradation in epoxy-amine resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Campbell CG, Astorga DJ, Duemichen E, Celina M. Thermoset materials characterization by thermal desorption or pyrolysis based gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zepp R, Ruggiero E, Acrey B, Davis MJB, Han C, Hsieh HS, Vilsmeier K, Wohlleben W, Sahle-Demessie E. Fragmentation of polymer nanocomposites: modulation by dry and wet weathering, fractionation, and nanomaterial filler. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:1742-1758. [PMID: 33564464 PMCID: PMC7869489 DOI: 10.1039/c9en01360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of polymeric composites incorporating engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have reached the market. Such nano-enabled products (NEPs) present enhanced performance through improved mechanical, thermal, UV protection, electrical, and gas barrier properties. However, little is known about how environmental weathering impacts ENM release, especially for high-tonnage NEPs like kaolin products, which have not been extensively examined by the scientific community. Here we study the simulated environmental weathering of different polymeric nanocomposites (epoxy, polyamide, polypropylene) filled with organic (multiwalled carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon black) and inorganic (WS2, SiO2, kaolin, Fe2O3, Cu-phthalocyanines) ENMs. Multiple techniques were employed by researchers at three laboratories to extensively evaluate the effect of weathering: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, contact angle measurements, gravimetric analysis, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. This work aimed to elucidate the extent to which weathering protocol (i.e. wet vs. dry) and diverse filler characteristics modulate fragment release and polymer matrix degradation. In doing so, it expanded the established NanoRelease protocol, previously used for analyzing fragment emission, by evaluating two significant additions: (1) simulated weathering with rain events and (2) fractionation of sample leachate prior to analysis. Comparing different composite materials and protocols demonstrated that the polymer matrix is the most significant factor in NEP aging. Wet weathering is more realistic than dry weathering, but dry weathering seems to provide a more controlled release of material over wet. Wet weathering studies could be complicated by leaching, and the addition of a fractionation step can improve the quality of UV-vis measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zepp
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ruggiero
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Brad Acrey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- ORISE Research Fellow, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Mary J B Davis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Research Council (NRC), Washington DC, USA
| | - Changseok Han
- ORISE Research Fellow, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- EPA, ORD, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response (CESER), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hsin-Se Hsieh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), 960 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Research Council (NRC), Washington DC, USA
| | - Klaus Vilsmeier
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Analytics, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Celina M, Linde E, Brunson D, Quintana A, Giron N. Overview of accelerated aging and polymer degradation kinetics for combined radiation-thermal environments. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Ernault E, Dirrenberger J, Richaud E, Fayolle B. Prediction of stress induced by heterogeneous oxidation: Case of epoxy/amine networks. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Skoupy R, Nebesarova J, Slouf M, Krzyzanek V. Quantitative STEM imaging of electron beam induced mass loss of epoxy resin sections. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 202:44-50. [PMID: 30953993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In sample preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy, many types of embedding media are widely used. Unfortunately, none of them is perfectly resistant to beam induced damage. The article is focused on mass loss measuring of pure epoxy resin EMbed 812 that replaced Epon - the most widely used embedding resin for biological electron microscopy, in a form of ultrathin sections with thicknesses ranging from 30 to 100 nm. The STEM imaging was performed in a quantitative way which allowed us to estimate the mass loss directly up to the total dose of 3000 e-/nm2. For data acquisition we used SEM equipped with a commercial STEM detector working at a relatively low acceleration voltage of 30 kV. In this study we estimated the influence of various factors which can affect the endurance of the epoxy resin EMbed 812 ultrathin sections under an electron beam, such as the sample aging, differences between storing the samples in forms of ultrathin sections and whole blocks, ultrathin sections thicknesses, temperature of the sample, probe current, and one or two-sided carbon coating of ultrathin sections. The aim of this work is to investigate beam induced mass loss at electron energies of SEM and find out how to reduce the mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Skoupy
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nebesarova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Krauklis AE, Echtermeyer AT. Mechanism of Yellowing: Carbonyl Formation during Hygrothermal Aging in a Common Amine Epoxy. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10091017. [PMID: 30960942 PMCID: PMC6403735 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxies are often exposed to water due to rain and humid air environments. Epoxy yellows during its service time under these conditions, even when protected from UV radiation. The material’s color is not regained upon redrying, indicating irreversible aging mechanisms. Understanding what causes a discoloration is of importance for applications where the visual aspect of the material is significant. In this work, irreversible aging mechanisms and the cause of yellowing were identified. Experiments were performed using a combination of FT-NIR, ATR-FT-IR, EDX, HR-ICP-MS, pH measurements, optical microscopy, SEM, and DMTA. Such extensive material characterization and structured logic of investigation, provided the necessary evidence to investigate the long-term changes. No chain scission (hydrolysis or oxidation-induced) was present in the studied common DGEBA/HDDGE/IPDA/POPA epoxy, whilst it was found that thermo-oxidation and leaching occurred. Thermo-oxidation involved evolution of carbonyl groups in the polymeric carbon–carbon backbone, via nucleophilic radical attack and minor crosslinking of the HDDGE segments. Four probable reactive sites were identified, and respective reactions were proposed. Compounds involved in leaching were identified to be epichlorohydrin and inorganic impurities but were found to be unrelated to yellowing. Carbonyl formation in the epoxy backbone due to thermo-oxidation was the cause for the yellowing of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Krauklis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas T Echtermeyer
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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18
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Linde E, Giron NH, Celina MC. Water diffusion with temperature enabling predictions for sorption and transport behavior in thermoset materials. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wei XF, Kallio KJ, Bruder S, Bellander M, Kausch HH, Gedde UW, Hedenqvist MS. Diffusion-limited oxidation of polyamide: Three stages of fracture behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quintana A, Celina MC. Overview of DLO modeling and approaches to predict heterogeneous oxidative polymer degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu Z, Li S, Liu M, Wang H, Wang Z, Liu X. Study on liquid oxygen compatibility of bromine-containing epoxy resins for the application in liquid oxygen tank. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Wu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Shichao Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Minjing Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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Labouriau A, Cady C, Gill J, Stull J, Ortiz-Acosta D, Henderson K, Hartung V, Quintana A, Celina M. Gamma irradiation and oxidative degradation of a silica-filled silicone elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Rodriguez-Mella Y, López-Morán T, López-Quintela MA, Lazzari M. Durability of an industrial epoxy vinyl ester resin used for the fabrication of a contemporary art sculpture. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moosburger-Will J, Greisel M, Horn S. Physical aging of partially crosslinked RTM6 epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Moosburger-Will
- Experimental Physics II, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg; 86135 Augsburg Germany
| | - Michael Greisel
- Experimental Physics II, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg; 86135 Augsburg Germany
| | - Siegfried Horn
- Experimental Physics II, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg; 86135 Augsburg Germany
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Polanský R, Prosr P, Čermák M. Determination of the thermal endurance of PCB FR4 epoxy laminates via thermal analyses. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xiao HM, Zhan MS, Xu W, Ding XJ. Microstructure evolution of SW/EPN composites during hot air aging. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mao-Sheng Zhan
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Wen Xu
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Xiao-jun Ding
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
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Qiu JJ, Xue Q, Liu YY, Pan M, Liu CM. A New Polymer Containing α-Aminophosphonate Unit Used as Reactive, Halogen-Free Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.819869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Qiu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qian Xue
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Min Pan
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Cheng-Mei Liu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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The change of thermal–mechanical properties and chemical structure of ambient cured DGEBA/TEPA under accelerated thermo-oxidative aging. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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